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考点 14 非谓语动词（二）
近年来，高考对非谓语动词的可知主要集中在非谓语动词的句法功能（作宾语、主语、 补语，表语
和状语）；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分
词和过去分词在上下文中的联和状语系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固
定句型和在句子中的句法功能。预测2023年高考非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点热点。非谓语动词在语法填
空、短文改错中必考点。
考查其句法功能；考查V-ing与V-ed的辨析仍然是重点。
考向四 非谓语动词作定语
1） 不定式作定语
1. 不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
2. 不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状
关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）
He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）
He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）
He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）
（1）不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。
☞Do you have anything else to say?
（2）如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。
☞I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) 我需要一支钢笔写字。
☞I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) 我有一个婴儿要照看。2）V-ing形式作定语
1. 单独作定语，常放在被修饰的名词之前。
touching story /coming week /skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water
Barking dogs seldom bite. 乱叫的狗不咬人。
但某些V-ing（如concerned关切的/有关的，used旧的/用过的，given特定的/给予的，involved复杂的/涉及
的）置于名词前后其意义不同。
☛a concerned look/the students concerned/
☛a used car/the textbook used.
2. V-ing作定语，分词应放在被修饰的名词之后；表示正在进行的动作时,变为从句时要用进行时态和表示
经常性的动作或现在的状态时，变为从句时要用一般时态；同被修辞的词（先行词）有逻辑上的主谓关系，
在意义上相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。
☛Who is the man standing （= who is standing） by the door?
站在门边的人是谁。
☛They built a highway leading （= that/which leads） into the mountains.
一条通往山里的高速路。
3.V-ing作定语时，分词应放在被修饰的名词之后；表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前/不确定；同被修辞的
词（先行词）有逻辑上的动宾关系，在意义上相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
☛The meeting held（=that/which was held） last week is very important.
上周举行的回忆是非常重要的。
4. 其他应注意：
① 若表示的动作此刻正在进行或同时进行，可用被动语态的进行时态（现在分词的被动语态）表示。
☛We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须保守正在讨论的事情。
② 若表示的是一个未来的动作，可用不定式的被动语态表示。
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 请告诉我在下次会议上讨论的主题。
③ V-ing还可作非限制性定语（相当于非限制性定语从句），此时须和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比
较：
☛All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists.
居住在上海的所有兄弟是科学家。
④ V-ing短语作定语时，表示的动作不能先于谓语动作，也不可表示将来；一般不用现在分词的完成式作
定语，故下列句子是错的：
☛Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. （应改为who has come from Beijing）他是来自北京的李先生。
☛Those having finished their work can go home now. （应改为who have finished）
已经完成家庭作业的现在可以回家。
⑤ 系动词的-ing形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示。
☛Those being busy don’t have to go. （应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.）
正在忙的人不必离开。
⑥ 不及物动词的V-ing不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句。
☛The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. （应改为which/that died）
前天死在公园的狮子是头母狮。
3) V-ed形式作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两
种情况。
1．前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示
＂被动和完成＂含义，或只具有＂被动＂含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表＂完成＂
含义。
（1）被动和完成含义：
☞We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
（2）被动含义：
☞She is a respected teacher.她是一位受人尊敬的老师。
（3）完成含义：
☞They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2.后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
☞This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (＝that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
☞Who were the socalled guests invited (＝who had been invited) to your party last night？
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
☞Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。【易混辨析】
(1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。
☞The experience gained will be of great value to us.
取得的经验对我们很有价值。
☞By the end of the year，the total mon【ey易 co混lle辨ct析ed】 had come to 92 million dollars，
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☞了T。here is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。
(2)现(2在)由分过词去作分定词语构，成通的常合放成在词所也修可饰作的定名语词。前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面，
其作☞用T相he当 ai于r-c一on个dit定ion语ed从 ro句om。s are very comfortable in hot summer.
☞H e在 is炎 a p热ro的m夏isi天ng， yo装un空g 调ma的n.房他间是非一常个舒很服有。前途的青年。
☞D☞oT yhoeu n kenwolwy- bthueil tw boumiladnin(wg hiso oius)rs oitftfiincge abtu tihlde ienngd. of the room？
你 这认座识新坐建在的房大间楼后是面我的们那的位办妇公女楼吗。？
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饰对的于词现分在开所)两讨种论，的其事作情用，相我当们于必限须制保性守定秘语密从。句和非限制性定语从句。
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级或 序筹数集词的修资饰金时主，要只用能于采帮用助不那定些式无作家后可置归定者语。。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间
存在☞逻Th辑is上 bo的ok＂，主(w谓hic＂h 、is)＂wr动itte宾n ＂in 或sim＂pl同e E位ng＂lis三h，种is关 su系ita。bl如e f果or 作be定gin语ne的rs 不to 定rea式d.为不及物动
词， 其 这后本要书加是相使应用的浅介显词的。英文写的，适合初学者阅读。
☞O☞uTr hme ocnointocre rits (twheh ifcirhs/tt htoa ta wrraivs)e .g我iv们en的 by班 th长ei是r f第rie一nd个s w到as达 a 的su人cce。ss(.主谓关系)
☞T h他e q们ue朋sti友on举 to行 be的 d音isc乐us会sed大 a为t to成m功or。row’s meeting is of great importance.
☞明T天he会 m议eet上in将g，要(w讨h论ich的 w问as题) a非tte常nd重ed要 by。 o(v动er宾 fiv关e 系tho)usand people，welcomed the
☞ I ghraevaet ah elorot .of work to do.我有许多事要做。(动宾关系)
☞T h他eir们 de举ci行sio了n t欢o g迎iv英e u雄p 的the大 e会xp，eri到me会nt的 su有rp五ris千ed多 us人. 。
(4他)用们来放修弃饰这人个的实过验去的分决词定有使时我可们以吃转惊移。到(同修位饰关非系人)的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽
☞T h e不y h直av接e n修o 饰ha人pp，ine但ss它 to所 sp修ea饰k o的f.事他物们仍没与有人什有么关幸。福可言。
☞The boy looked up with a pleased expression.那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
☞He spoke with a frightened look.他说话时显得非常恐惧。1．If the project______before the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be made fully
responsible for the financial losses.
A．being completed B．completed C．to be completed D．completing
2．Guizhou Province, _____ by Lonely Planet among the top 10 regions to visit in 2020, has become a promising
travel destination.
A．ranked B．being ranked C．having ranked D．to be ranked
3．The silver moon was high overhead, and there was a gentle breeze down the valley.
A．playing B．to play C．played D．having played
4．We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest __________
in Shanghai next month.
A．held B．to hold
C．being held D．to be held
5.（（2020·新课标I卷短文改错））I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to
cook.
考向五 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1）不定式作主语
谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
It took us two hours to finish the job.
（1）其他系动词如look，appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is ...to...句型。试比较：
It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）
To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）
（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb to do sth结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，
用of，否则用 for。2）v-ing作主语
1. 谓语动词应用第三人称单数。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
3. 作主语动名词与不定式的区别：
① 动名词作主语表示抽象的动作，不与特定的动作执行者有关；不定式作主语表示具体的动作或行为，
与特定的动作执行者有关。
☛He realized that to go on like this was no use.（具体）
他意识到像这样继续没用。
☛It’s no use crying over split milk.（抽象）
因抛洒的牛奶哭泣没用。
3）. 作表语
（1）V-ing 作表语用来解释说明主语的内容。
☛Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是建房子。
（2）V-ing与不定式作表语的区别：
V-ing作表语表示抽象的行为,习惯；不定式作表语表示具体的特别是动作。
☛My favourite sport is swimming.
☞Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
☞His ambition is to go to Harvard University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
3．下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
☞It’s no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。1. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling
C. Having traveled D. Traveled
2. _____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A．Known B．Having known
C．Knowing D．Being known
1.（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T3）
It’s certainly not realistic ___3___ (remove) all plastic from your life, but some statistics may
encourage you to reduce your single-use plastic footprints.
2.（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T6）
Every piece of plastic ___6___ (create) will remain in the environment in some form, but…
3.（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T7）
…but if you conveniently throw it out, wind and run-off carry the waste down the sewer(污水管)
and directly to the ocean, ___7__ (affect) the marine life including the fish…
4.（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T1）
It seems that people in western countries are becoming increasingly___1___(worry) about the side
effects of drugs,…
5.（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T4）
After ___4___ (suffer) from insomnia (失眠) for a few months, I was feeling mentally and
physically exhausted.
6.（2021·成都三诊·短文改错）
But I was having a hard time find someone who would pay the full price.
7.（2021·成都三诊·短文改错）
He was not allowed get into the show because someone had sold him a fake ticket.
8.（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T3）
In reality, however,60% of clothing nowadays is abandoned within a year of purchase, which
produces vast quantities of waste that global landfills (垃圾填埋场) are struggling_____3_____
(absorb).
9.（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T7）You could buy secondhand clothing, too, as a useful way to extend the lifespan (寿命) of items
already_____7_____ (create).
10.（2021·天津十二区县联考2·单项填空·T13）
Lily spoke very carefully and slowly, ________the benefits of the plan against the risks involved.
A being weighed B. to weigh C. weighing D. weighed
11.（2021·天津十二区县联考2·单项填空·T3）
With her attention ________ on the book, the girl sat there quietly.
A. to be fixed B. fix C. fixed D. fixing
12.（2021·天津市5月压轴模拟·单项填空·T3）
China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs.
A．recognizing B．being recognizedC．to be recognized D．recognized
13.（2021·天津市5月压轴模拟·单项填空·T10）
The Chinese tech giant has launched its new operating system, ______an alternative app ecosystem
to Google’s Android.
A．creating B．to create C．having created D．creates
14.（2021·宝坻区三模·单项填空·T5）
The shop owner will get all these goods ordered ___________ to the customers today.
A. to deliver B. delivering C. deliver D. delivered
15.（2021·和平区三模·单项填空·T14）
—Have you checked all the relief________ to the people in the disaster area?
—Yes, several times. But I'll check it once more.
A. sent B. sending C. to send D. to be sent
16.（2021·和平区一模·单项填空·T3）
The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not ________ whether to believe what he had
said.
A. to know B. knowing
C. known D. having known
17.（2021·和平区一模·单项填空·T11）
When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds the mountain tops, he was
reduced to tears.
A. being surrounded B. surrounded C. surrounding D. to surround
18.（2021·河东区二模·单项填空·T14）Lots of empty bottles were found under the poor old man's bed. He must have done nothing
but________.
A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drunk
19.（2021·河西区三模·单项填空·T7）
In the Chinese market, many foreign brands, ________ their reputations over decades, are facing
new challenges due to COVID-19.
A. being developed B. developing
C. having developed D. developed
20.（2021·天津芦台一中六模·单项填空·T4）
Hearing the telephone ring, she rushed out of the kitchen and left the water .
A. boil B. boiling
C. boiled D. to boil
21.（2021·天津芦台一中六模·单项填空·T11）
______________ their final medical check, the astronauts boarded their spacecraft.
A. Received B. Being received
C. To receive D. Having received
22.（2021·天津十二区县一模·单项填空·T8）
Nissan Motor is designing more new models,________ a 20 percent growth in sales this year.
A. eyeing B. eyes C. eyed D. having eyed
（2021·天津耀华滨海学校适应性考试·单项填空·T10）
Many children of Chinese immigrants in Canada study English at school and speak Chinese at home,
________to fluency in both languages.
A. led B. to lead C. leading D. having led.
24.（2021·东北三校二模·短文改错）
It was one of the most encouraged experiences of my life.
25.（2021·齐齐哈尔市二模·短文改错）
He always tells me to taking a positive attitude towards everything because it's useless to cry.
26.（2021·齐齐哈尔市三模·短文改错）
Every day when I come home, Lucky always runs towards me happily to welcomed me.
27.（2021·齐齐哈尔市一模·短文改错）
I was so surprised that I crashed into an old lady walk down the street!28.（2021·齐齐哈尔市一模·短文改错）
My neighbour saw me to fall so she stopped her car and rushed out to help me.
29.（2021•玉林市一模•短文改错）
I was driving slowly this morning when I saw a deer live in the woods appear in the middle of the
road.
（2021•玉林市一模•短文改错）Finally, I signalled with my hand to him go on.
31.（2021•柳州市三模•短文改错）I kept do so for some times.
32.（2021•滨海学校开学模拟•单项填空•T10）
Much time ________sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent B. having spent
C. spent D. spending
33.（2021•大港一中入学模拟•单项填空•T13）
In 2012 MoYan won the Nobel Prize for Literature, ______ a host of imitators.
A. inspiring B. inspired C. having inspired D. to inspire
34.（2021•大港一中入学模拟•单项填空•T14）
The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. being completed B. to be completed
C. completed D. having been completed
35.（2021•和平区期中模拟•单项填空•T13）________ the difficult maths problem, she felt
relieved.
A. Work out B. Worked out
C. To work out D. Having worked out
36.（2021•河西区期中模拟•单项填空•T8）
Julia，____ for months after job as an air waitress，finally took a position in a local tour agency.
A. hunting B. hunted
C. having hunted D. to hunt
37.（2021•静海区四校12月模拟•单项填空•T7）
Ordinary soap _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use
C. using D. use38.（2021•静海区一中1月模拟•单项填空•T7）
The great scientist is said to be writing a science story about outer space ________ by Science and
Technology Press next year.
A. published B. being published
C. to be published D. having been published
39.（2021•南开区3月模拟•单项填空•T9）
I like to get up early so that I can get plenty of work before lunch．
A. to do B. done
C. doing D. being done
40.（2021•南开区3月模拟•单项填空•T11）
Frank went back home, to study much harder than before.
A. with his mind making up B. his mind making up
C. with his mind made up D. his mind being made up
