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考点 一般体
07
动词的时态已经成为语篇型填空和短文改错的必考点。高考对谓语动词的考查一时态为住,语态为辅。
对于时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时,一般过去时、现在完成时等等常见时态。此外在考查物动词的
同时还考查主谓一致问题。预计2023年时态仍将是高考的重点和难点所在。高考主要以语法填空、短文
改错等形式考查,动词的时态在语法填空和短文改错中既是必考点又是热点。高考在考查时态的同时,
仍然以最基本的时态(一般现在时,一般过去时、现在完成时)为主,但是也会兼顾其他语法内容的考
查,比如各种从句、强调句、倒装句等,其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。
1. 了解并能正确运用必考的10种时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行
时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时);
2. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态;
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别,如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
时 体 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般体 do / does did shall/will do should/would do
shall/will be doing[来
进行体 am/is/are doing was/were doing should/would be doing
源:学。科。网]
完成体 have/has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done
have/has been shall/will have been should/would have been
完成进行体 had been doing
doing doing doing[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]考向一 一般现在时
1) 一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如
下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat→eats; rise→rises
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses;teach→teaches
以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词 变-y为-ies carry→carries; fly→flies
2)一般选择时的用法
1. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和 often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,
once a week等表示频率的时间状语连用。
He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。
My mother works at the same company as my father.
我的母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。
We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。
2. 表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any.
史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。
Mary speaks both English and French very well.
玛丽英语和法语都说得很好。
4. 表示按照时刻表或者时间表安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。
Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。
I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意,否则我不能走。
注意:
if 条件状语从句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿,但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
如果你愿意接受我的邀请来参加我们的聚会,我的家人会很高兴。
【巧学妙记】
一般现在时用法口诀
用好一般现在时,时间状语需牢记。
基本用法要记清,动作习惯经常性。
客观真理和能力,有时还表将来时。
谓语若为行为动,形式还要主语定。
主语人称是三单,动词要把-s/-es添。
句中若把助动用,谓语动词用原形。
用所给单词适当形式填空
1.No matter where he goes and no matter who he _________(encounter), he would follow his father's advice.
【答案】encounters
【解析】考查动词。句意:无论他去哪里,无论他遇到谁,他都会听从父亲的建议。本句主语是he,
encounter是谓语动词,根据前文的goes,此处应用一般现在时态,根据主谓一致原则,此处动词用三单形
式,故填encounters。
2. If the opportunity ________ (arise), I'd love to go abroad for further study.
【答案】arises
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:如果有机会,我想出国深造。本句是if引导的条件状语从句,根据主将从
现原则,主句I'd love to do表将来,从句应用一般现在时。故填arises。3.While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be) more effective at
lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词及主谓一致。句意:尽管有规律的跑步不能让你长寿,但是评论说跑步在延长寿命方面
比走路、骑自行车或游泳更有效。根据语境可知,此处叙述的是一般的客观事实,且本句中宾语从句与主
句的时态应保持一致,故使用一般现在时,it指代上一句的running regularly,是第三人称单数,故填is。
4.The food waste in green bags ________ (be) processed on site into pieces to make biogas,which powers the
city's buses.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句型结构可知,本句的主语“The food waste”是不可数名词,
谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式;此处描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时。
5.The humble man ________ (refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just
did what he felt he should.
【答案】refused
【解析】考查时态。句意:这位谦虚的男子在成为网络明星后拒绝了采访邀请,称自己只是做了自己认为
应该做的事。根据“and”后并列谓语动词“said”是一般过去时,所以空格处也要填一般过去时。故填
refused。
考向二 一般过去时
1)一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,其动词规则变化如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed play→ played; discuss→discussed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred
闭音节动词
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked
2) 一般过去时的用法
1. 表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday,last year,in 1995,the otherday等作时间状语。
It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作业真是很糟糕。
He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。
2. 表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候,经常在大街上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫妇访问期间,不论走
到哪里,都受到了热烈的欢迎。
3. 用于固定句型中。
It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起,我(刚才)没看见那边的指示牌。
5. 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨,他就不去。
6. 有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般
过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等,表示"本来认为"。
I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。
常见考法:
1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来;
2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况;
3. as if /as though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。
【误区提醒】
时间和条件状语从句中用错时态;没时间状语时习惯用一般现在时。
【巧学妙记】一般过去时用法口诀
动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事。
句中动词用过去式,过去时间作标记。
否定句,很简单,谓语动词前didn’t添。
疑问构成也有法,主语前面Did加。
还有一点不能忘,后面动词要还原。
17.Lucia was concentrating on her report, but the child's continual crying _________(drive) her crazy. (所给词
的适当形式填空)
【答案】drove
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:露西亚在专心做她的报告,但是孩子不断的哭闹要把她逼疯了。根据句子
结构和意思可知,此空考查一般过去时的谓语动词,“drive sb. crazy”把某人逼疯的意思。故填drove。
考向三 一般将来时
1.shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2.be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划或安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3.be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4.be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5.一般现在时表将来。
a. 下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表
示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开?
—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。
b. 以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
c. 在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
d. 在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
6.用现在进行时表示将来。
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗?
【易混辨析】
用于条件句时, If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as
be going to
be going to表将来 soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes
用于条件句时,
will on you in front of the mirror. 如果你脱掉衣服,我们将在镜子
will表意愿
前为你穿上新的衣服。
be to 表示客观安排或受 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)人指示而做某事
表示主观的打算或
be going to I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
计划
1.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ________ (have) to worry about fashion.
【答案】has/will have
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的
时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时will do;根据语境可知,本文叙述的是客
观事实,因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是nobody,谓语用has。故填will have/has。
2. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I ____________ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的,我待会再打给他。由later可知,表示的是将
来要执行的动作,用一般将来时。故选A。
考向四 一般过去将来时
1. 过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
2. 过去将来时的结构
(1) would + 动词原形
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努
力在本学期赶上其他同学。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你请李雷帮忙时,他绝不会拒绝。
(2)was / were going to + 动词原形He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要派我去火车站接她。
(3)was / were to + 动词原形。
The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑该在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了。
(4)was / were about to + 动词原形。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时,天突然下起
了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候,门铃响了。
(5)was / were +现在分词。
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们
学校。
3. 过去将来时的用法
(1)过去将来时,一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们待在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。
(2)过去将来时,用于虚拟语气中。
If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的话,我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿,他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
【归纳拓展】
was / were going to + 动词原形,was / were to + 动词原形,was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可
表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。
The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Jack was so busy when we saw him, because he ________(make) a speech the next day.
【答案】would make【解析】考查时态。句意:我们见到杰克时,他很忙,因为他第二天要演讲。根据 was和时间状语the
next day,可知此处指从过去的时间看将来会发生的事情,应用过去将来时,结构为 would+动词原形,故
填would make。
2.I asked her when she ________(come) back from the holiday.
【答案】would come
【解析】考查时态。句意:我问她什么时候度假回来。结合句意和 asked,可知此处表示从过去的时间看
将来要发生的某事,应用过去将来时,结构为would+动词原形,故填would come。
3.I wasn’t sure whether Lucy _____(come) the next year.
【答案】would come
【解析】考查过去将来时,句意:我不确定明年露西是否会来。由主句中 wasn’t sure可知,主句为一般
过去时,根据从句中时间状语“the next year”,可知,从句表示的是过去将要发生的动作,所以该句为
过去将来时,因此从句的谓语动词使用过去将来时would+动词原形。故填would come。
考向五 动词的时态一致原则
(一)主句和名词性从句时态一致原则
下面我们以宾语从句为例说明主句和名词性从句时态呼应的基本规律:
1.主句是现在时或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。如:
The woman tells me that she is/was/will be a nurse.
2.主句是过去时态时,从句的时态有下面几种情况:
(1)从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:
I thought he worked very hard.我认为他工作很努力。
The actor said he was living in Beijing.
这位男演员说他住在北京。
(2)如果从句有具体的过去时间点,尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前,有时仍用一般过去时。如:
She told me her brother died in 1960.
她告诉我她哥哥是1960年去世的。
(3)从句说的是一般真理或客观事实时,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us that the earth is round.
老师告诉我们地球是圆的。(4)从句动作发生在主句动作之后时,从句须用过去将来时。如:
I knew where Tom would celebrate his birthday.
我知道汤姆将在哪里庆祝生日。
(5)从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,从句须用过去完成时。
(二)主句与状语从句时态一致原则
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,则从句往往用一般现在时表将来;若主句为过去时,
则从句也用相对应的过去时。如:
You’ll make progress if you keep working hard.
如果你继续努力,你就会取得进步。
He told us that he wouldn’t give up until he succeeded.
他告诉我们在成功之前他决不放弃。
(三)主句与定语从句时态一致原则
定语从句的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。如:
That is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow.
那就是明天要给我们做报告的那个人。
That was the person who would give us a lecture the next day.
那就是第二天要给我们做报告的那个人。
所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2021·浙江宁波市高三一模)Chinese President Xi Jinping on Thursday ________ (congratulate) the complete
success of the Chang’e-5 mission, extending warm congratulations and sincere greetings(greet)to all members who
participated in the Chang’e-5 mission in a congratulatory message.
【答案】 congratulated
【解析】 考查动词时态。句意:周四,中国国家主席习近平在贺电中祝贺嫦娥五号任务的圆满成功,并
向参与嫦娥五号任务的所有成员致以热烈祝贺和诚挚问候。根据时间状语on Thursday和participated in可
知,此处陈述过去发生的事实,使用一般过去时。故填congratulated。
2.(2021·辽宁抚顺市高三一模)Although their closets are full of clothing and jewelry that they have never worn
and their homes may ________(pack) with shopping bags and boxes that they bought but never used, many
shopaholics simply(simple) can’t resist the urge to buy.
【答案】 be packed
【解析】 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:虽然他们的衣柜里装满了他们从未穿过的衣服和珠宝,
他们的家里也可能塞满了他们买过但从未使用过的购物袋和盒子,但很多购物狂就是无法抗拒购买的冲动。
their homes和pack之间是被动关系,用被动语态,前面有情态动词may,含有情态动词的被动语态的结构是:情态动词+be done。故填be packed。
3.(2021·辽宁朝阳市高三一模)Eating several servings of a varied selection of fruits each day ________(be)truly
the best way to keep the doctor away.
【答案】 is
【解析】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:每天吃几种不同种类的水果确实是远离医生的最好方法。此
处陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为动名词短语Eating several servings of a varied selection of fruits each
day,谓语动词用单数。故填is。
4.(2021·云南省昆明市高三“三诊一模”摸底诊断测试(二模))The word thermopolium literally meant “a
place where something hot ________ (sell) at that time”.
【答案】 was sold
【解析】 考查动词时态和语态。句意:thermopolium这个词的字面意思是“当时卖热东西的地方”。分
析句子可知,设空处为从句谓语动词,根据主句的时态是一般过去时,从句也应为一般过去时,从句中主
语和谓语之间是被动的关系。故填was sold。
5.(2021·山东省(新高考)高三二模英语试卷(三))Some smells can make you wish you ________(be) back in the
past, or make you want to escape, which depends on whether the smell has a positive or negative
association(associate).
【答案】 were
【解析】 考查虚拟语气。句意:有些气味会让你希望回到过去,或者让你想要逃离,这取决于这种气味
是有积极的还是消极的联想。wish后跟宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气。此处表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从
句的谓语动词应用一般过去时,故be动词应用were。故填were。
6.(2021·河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)The name Tianwen, borrowed(borrow) from an ancient
Chinese poem by Qu Yuan of the Kingdom of Chu (475 BC-221 BC), ________(mean) “the quest for heavenly
truth”.
【答案】 means
【解析】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:天问的名字取自楚国(公元前475-公元前221)屈原的一首古诗,
意思是“对神圣真理的追求”。分析句子可知,空处是句子的谓语,句子是描述一个事实,应用一般现在
时,主语The name是名词单数,谓语动词应第三人称单数形式。故填means。
7.(2021·广东省深圳市高三下学期第二次调研考试)Two special friends in the Cincinnati area have created a
merrier(merry) Christmas than ever for the children and families affected during the pandemic, and it
________(inspire) by the experience of gratitude they both felt as they grew up.
【答案】 was inspired
【解析】 考查动词时态和语态。句意:辛辛那提地区的两位特殊朋友为受疫情影响的儿童和家庭创造了
一个比以往任何时候都更快乐的圣诞节,这是受到他们在成长过程中都心存感激的经历的启发。结合语境
和后文as they grew up可知描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,用一
般过去时的被动语态,主语为it,谓语动词用单数。故填was inspired。
8.(2021·新疆乌鲁木齐地区高三年级第二次质量监测(乌市二模))Some experts,who show disapproval of the
project, argue that there could be damage to the sea life and that the marine ecosystem may ________ (replace) by
dry land.
【答案】 be replaced
【解析】 考查动词语态。句意:一些不赞成该项目的专家认为,这可能会对海洋生物造成损害,海洋生态系统可能会被陆地取代。that引导的宾语从句缺少谓语动词,情态动词may后面需加动词原形,主语the
marine ecosystem和replace为被动关系,需用被动语态。故填be replaced。
9.(2020·河北石家庄市高三一模)Animals ________(kill) for their fur and feathers,especially in the past few
decades simply because they were in the way.
【答案】 have been killed
【解析】 考查动词时态和语态。句意:动物因为它们的皮毛和羽毛而被捕杀,特别是在过去的几十年里,
仅仅因为它们挡了道。根据句中的时间状语in the past few decades可知,此处要用现在完成时;另外,kill
与animals之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态;主语为animals。故填have been killed。
10.(2021·山西朔州市高三一模)For instance, we unconsciously start to listen for and select information that
________(match) our understanding and turn a blind eye to information that doesn’t, rejecting(reject) it out of
hand.
【答案】 matches
【解析】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:例如,我们会无意识地开始倾听和选择与我们的理解相符的
信息,而对不相符的信息视而不见,当即拒绝接受。此处为定语从句修饰先行词information,根据上文
start可知用一般现在时,描述一个客观的事实,关系词替代先行词,information是不可数名词,从句谓语
动词用单数。故填matches。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2021·安徽马鞍山市高三一模)To be honest, I felt clumsy when I first learn to play it.
【答案】 learn→learned/learnt
【解析】 考查时态。句意:老实说,我第一次学篮球的时候觉得自己很笨。根据I felt clumsy可知,此
处应用一般过去时。故将learn改为learned/learnt。
2.(2021·江西南昌市高三一模)Only when I’m honest and reliable will I be trusted with others.
【答案】 with→by
【解析】 考查固定搭配和被动语态。句意:只有诚实守信,我才能得到他人的信任。分析句子可知,被
别人信任应表述为be trusted by sb.,使用被动语态形式。故将with改为by。
3.(2021·江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)It was the first time that I have visited Nan Chang,where Wan Da
amusement park is being located.
【答案】 have→had
【解析】 考查时态。It was the first time that sb.had done sth.是固定句型,表示“某人第一次做某事”。故
将have改为had。
【答案】 去掉being
【解析】 考查时态和语态。be located表状态,Wan Da amusement park一直在那,不用进行时的被动语
态。故去掉being。
4.(2021·内蒙古呼和浩特市高三一模)As we know,a clean city, where disease may be reduced and people’s
health may be better, are good both to our mind and body.
【答案】 are→is
【解析】 考查主谓一致。本句的主语为单数名词a clean city。故将are改为is。
5.(2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市高三一模)I was riding my bike down to the corner shop on a Saturday morning
when I attracted by a cute boy who was walking his dog.
【答案】 在I后加was【解析】 考查时态和语态。句意:一个星期六的早晨,我骑着我的自行车去街角的商店,这时我被一个
正在遛狗的可爱男孩吸引住了。根据语境可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,attract与主
语I的被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故在I后加was。
6.(2021·四川省内江市高三第三次模拟)My instructor insisted I went to see a doctor.
【答案】 went→go
【解析】 考查虚拟语气。句意:我的教练坚持要我去看医生。此处insist意为“坚持要求”,所以宾语
从句中应用should do虚拟语气,should可以省略。故将went改为go。
7.(2021·贵州遵义市高三一模)A writer who won the Nobel Prize leads a very tough life at the age of 15.
【答案】 leads→led
【解析】 考查时态。句意:一位获得诺贝尔奖的作家在15岁时过着非常艰苦的生活。根据后文at the age
of 15可知描述过去发生的事应用一般过去时。故将leads改为led。
8.(2021·黑龙江大庆市高三一模)She actually just retires this year and I couldn’t make it to her party in Dallas.
【答案】 retires→retired
【解析】 考查时态。句意:她今年刚退休我没能去参加她在达拉斯的派对。根据句中时间状语this year
可知,用一般过去时。故将retires改为retired。
9.(2021·内蒙古包头市高三一模)The highlight of the visit were the hands-on experience in the science lab.
【答案】 were→was
【解析】 考查主谓一致。句意:本次参观的精彩部分是在科学实验室的亲身体验。主语highlight为可数
名词单数,谓语动词用单数形式。故将were改为was。
10.(2021·江西九校高三一模)Undoubtedly,_Yang will remembered for her great literary achievements forever.
【答案】 在will后加be
【解析】 考查语态。句意:毫无疑问,杨绛将因其伟大的文学成就永远被人们铭记。主语Yang与
remember之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故在will后加be。
【2022年】
1. (2022·全国卷Ⅰ) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___38___
(be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
___39__to increase _ effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有
的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定
语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前
地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
,
2. (2022·全国卷Ⅰ) After a three-year pilot period the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP___40___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___41 and ___ leaving behind
precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
【答案】is designed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护
生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和
句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被
动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
3. May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___4 1 b y __ _ the United
Nations on November 27th, 2019. ...The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address)
the opening ceremony.
【答案】addressed
【解析】考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填
addressed。
4. (2022·全国卷甲 短文改错) However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him.
【答案】become→became
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:然而,在我上了高中之后,不知怎么的,我开始疏远他。全文用一般过去
时,动词become应改为过去式became。故将become改为became。
5.(2022·全国卷乙 短文改错)They often run at high speeds, which may put our lives in danger. And there were
traffic jams, too.
【答案】were → are
【解析】考查时态。句意:还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知,本句应用一般现在时。故将were改为
are。
【2021年】
1. (2021·全国卷Ⅰ) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61
(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】B
【解析】1.【61题】考查一般过去时。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多
难。分析句子可知,“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder
的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
2.(2021·全国卷甲)We 46_________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old
and shaky but did the job.
2. 【46题】考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据
上下文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
3.(2021年1月浙江卷) The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in
women and men. In cities, however, the gain 33. (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.
3. 33.考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结
构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。
4.(2021 年 6 月浙江卷) After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and
45____(sell)most of their furniture.
4.【45题】考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子
成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,
提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
5. (2021年北京卷语法填空) As it ____13____ (connect) things,your brain tums them into a story,and
you get a dream.
5 .【答案】connects
【解析】考查时态。句意:当它连接事物时,你的大脑将它们变成一个故事,然后你就得到了一个梦。由
主句谓语动词tums可知,空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数 it,所以空处谓语
动词需用单数。故填connects。
【2020年】
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ,61, 67, 68)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient
Chinese moon goddess — _____________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really
excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _________(mean) we have the
chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct).”
【答案】B
【解析】1. 61..考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神
——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故
填touched。
67.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,
此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
68.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与
主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语 the
moon是单数,故填is constructed。
2.(2020•新课标Ⅱ)Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of
spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62________ (carry) special significance.
2. 62.考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语
从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填
carries。
3.(2020•新课标Ⅲ)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传
奇的) artist, they smiled and 66_________ (point) down the river.
3. 66.考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着
河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
4.(2020•山东卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38________ (form) the core
collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.
4. 38.考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏
品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
5.(2020•山东卷)Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41_________ (be) on display. Most of it is
stored away or used for research.
5. 41.考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在
时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的
Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
6.(2020•浙江卷)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with the rise of science,changes
began. New methods 65_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
6. 65.考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填
时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关
系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
【2019年】
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ,65, 70) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut________(report) increases in bearsightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. Of the nineteen recognized
polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
1. 65. 【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语 in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,
故填have reported。
70. 【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,代指前文中的“polar bear
subpopulations”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填are。
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ,70) Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene ______(declare) she had no
plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
2. 64.declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文
had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ,65, 69) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and_________(recommend) wonderful
places to eat. shop, and visit.
3.【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、
购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填
recommended。
4. (2019·浙江卷) When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56___ (have) to worry about
fashion(时尚).
4. 56. has/will have【解析】考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是
when引导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时will do;根据语境可知,本文
叙述的是客观事实,因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是nobody,谓语用has。故填will have/has。
5. (2019·浙江卷) One study in America found that students’ grades 62___ (improve) a little after the school
introduced uniforms. But some students didn’t want to wear the uniform.
5. improved【解析】考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。
本句是after引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去式,主句用一般过去式。故填
improved。
【2018年】
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ,64)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it______ (be) more
effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
1. 64.is 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长
寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时,且主语是it,要用第三人称单数。故填is。2.(2018· 全 国 卷 Ⅱ , 68) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the
government_________ (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —
and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
2. 68.started【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的
定语从句,由于时间是2005年,故用过去时。故填started。
3.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ,69)True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal ______ (mean)me no real harm.
He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”
3. 69. meant
【解析】考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知,本句缺少谓语,再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时,
所以用meant。
【2017年】
1. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ,67) Fast food _______ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get
more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
1.67. is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,
为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
2. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ,68) Later, engineers ___________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels
(隧道),which became known as the Tube.
2.68.managed
【解析】考查动词,此处表示过去的情况,所以这里也应用一般过去时,故填managed。
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,49) Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school
________(come) first.”
3. 49. comes
【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一,说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。
短文改错
1. (2021年高考全国甲卷短文改错) They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble,
we should seek help from those we trust most.
考查时态。句意:他们很自闭。结合前文可知,文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故
kept改为keep。
2. (2021年高考全国乙卷短文改错)That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinkingon the topic!
【答案】 hopes→hope
【解析】考查祈使句。句意:希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考!分析句子结构可知,此处为祈使句,
所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。