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考点 一般体
07
动词的时态已经成为语篇型填空和短文改错的必考点。高考对谓语动词的考查一时态为住，语态为辅。
对于时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时，一般过去时、现在完成时等等常见时态。此外在考查物动词的
同时还考查主谓一致问题。预计2023年时态仍将是高考的重点和难点所在。高考主要以语法填空、短文
改错等形式考查，动词的时态在语法填空和短文改错中既是必考点又是热点。高考在考查时态的同时，
仍然以最基本的时态（一般现在时，一般过去时、现在完成时）为主，但是也会兼顾其他语法内容的考
查，比如各种从句、强调句、倒装句等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。
1. 了解并能正确运用必考的10种时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行
时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时）；
2. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态；
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
时 体 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般体 do / does did shall/will do should/would do
shall/will be doing[来
进行体 am/is/are doing was/were doing should/would be doing
源:学。科。网]
完成体 have/has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done
have/has been shall/will have been should/would have been
完成进行体 had been doing
doing doing doing[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]考向一 一般现在时
1） 一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如
下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat→eats; rise→rises
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses;teach→teaches
以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词 变-y为-ies carry→carries; fly→flies
2）一般选择时的用法
1. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和 often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday，
once a week等表示频率的时间状语连用。
He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。
My mother works at the same company as my father.
我的母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。
We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。
2. 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any.
史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。
Mary speaks both English and French very well.
玛丽英语和法语都说得很好。
4. 表示按照时刻表或者时间表安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。
Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。
5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。
I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。注意：
if 条件状语从句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
如果你愿意接受我的邀请来参加我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴。
【巧学妙记】
一般现在时用法口诀
用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。
基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。
客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。
谓语若为行为动，形式还要主语定。
主语人称是三单，动词要把-s/-es添。
句中若把助动用，谓语动词用原形。
用所给单词适当形式填空
1．No matter where he goes and no matter who he _________（encounter）, he would follow his father's advice.
2. If the opportunity ________ (arise), I'd love to go abroad for further study.
3．While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be) more effective at
lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
4．The food waste in green bags ________ (be) processed on site into pieces to make biogas，which powers the
city's buses.
5．The humble man ________ (refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just
did what he felt he should.
考向二 一般过去时
1）一般过去时的构成一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,其动词规则变化如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed play→ played; discuss→discussed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred
闭音节动词
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked
2) 一般过去时的用法
1. 表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other
day等作时间状语。
It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作业真是很糟糕。
He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。
2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫妇访问期间，不论走
到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。
3. 用于固定句型中。
It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。
5. 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨，他就不去。
6. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般
过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示＂本来认为＂。
I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。
常见考法：
1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来；
2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况；3. as if /as though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。
【误区提醒】
时间和条件状语从句中用错时态；没时间状语时习惯用一般现在时。
【巧学妙记】
一般过去时用法口诀
动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。
句中动词用过去式，过去时间作标记。
否定句，很简单，谓语动词前didn’t添。
疑问构成也有法，主语前面Did加。
还有一点不能忘，后面动词要还原。
17．Lucia was concentrating on her report, but the child's continual crying _________(drive) her crazy. （所给词
的适当形式填空）
考向三 一般将来时
1.shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2.be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划或安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3.be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4.be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5.一般现在时表将来。
a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表
示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开？
—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。
b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
c. 在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
6.用现在进行时表示将来。
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗？
【易混辨析】
用于条件句时， If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as
be going to
be going to表将来 soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes
用于条件句时，
will on you in front of the mirror. 如果你脱掉衣服，我们将在镜子
will表意愿
前为你穿上新的衣服。表示客观安排或受
be to I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
人指示而做某事
表示主观的打算或
be going to I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
计划
1．When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ________ (have) to worry about fashion.
2. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I ____________ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
考向四 一般过去将来时
1. 过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
2. 过去将来时的结构
（1） would + 动词原形
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努
力在本学期赶上其他同学。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你请李雷帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。
（2）was / were going to + 动词原形
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要派我去火车站接她。
（3）was / were to + 动词原形。
The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑该在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了。
（4）was / were about to + 动词原形。We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时，天突然下起
了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响了。
（5）was / were +现在分词。
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们
学校。
3. 过去将来时的用法
（1）过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们待在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。
（2）过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。
If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
【归纳拓展】
was / were going to + 动词原形，was / were to + 动词原形，was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可
表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。
The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Jack was so busy when we saw him, because he ________(make) a speech the next day.
2．I asked her when she ________(come) back from the holiday.
3．I wasn’t sure whether Lucy _____(come) the next year.
考向五 动词的时态一致原则
(一)主句和名词性从句时态一致原则下面我们以宾语从句为例说明主句和名词性从句时态呼应的基本规律:
1.主句是现在时或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。如:
The woman tells me that she is/was/will be a nurse.
2.主句是过去时态时,从句的时态有下面几种情况:
(1)从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:
I thought he worked very hard.我认为他工作很努力。
The actor said he was living in Beijing.
这位男演员说他住在北京。
(2)如果从句有具体的过去时间点,尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前,有时仍用一般过去时。如:
She told me her brother died in 1960.
她告诉我她哥哥是1960年去世的。
(3)从句说的是一般真理或客观事实时,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us that the earth is round.
老师告诉我们地球是圆的。
(4)从句动作发生在主句动作之后时,从句须用过去将来时。如:
I knew where Tom would celebrate his birthday.
我知道汤姆将在哪里庆祝生日。
(5)从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,从句须用过去完成时。
(二)主句与状语从句时态一致原则
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,则从句往往用一般现在时表将来;若主句为过去时,
则从句也用相对应的过去时。如:
You’ll make progress if you keep working hard.
如果你继续努力,你就会取得进步。
He told us that he wouldn’t give up until he succeeded.
他告诉我们在成功之前他决不放弃。
(三)主句与定语从句时态一致原则
定语从句的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。如:
That is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow.
那就是明天要给我们做报告的那个人。
That was the person who would give us a lecture the next day.
那就是第二天要给我们做报告的那个人。所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2021·浙江宁波市高三一模)Chinese President Xi Jinping on Thursday ________ (congratulate) the complete
success of the Chang’e-5 mission, extending warm congratulations and sincere greetings(greet)to all members who
participated in the Chang’e-5 mission in a congratulatory message.
2．(2021·辽宁抚顺市高三一模)Although their closets are full of clothing and jewelry that they have never worn
and their homes may ________(pack) with shopping bags and boxes that they bought but never used, many
shopaholics simply(simple) can’t resist the urge to buy.
3．(2021·辽宁朝阳市高三一模)Eating several servings of a varied selection of fruits each day ________(be)truly
the best way to keep the doctor away.
4．(2021·云南省昆明市高三“三诊一模”摸底诊断测试(二模))The word thermopolium literally meant “a
place where something hot ________ (sell) at that time”．
5．(2021·山东省(新高考)高三二模英语试卷(三))Some smells can make you wish you ________(be) back in the
past, or make you want to escape, which depends on whether the smell has a positive or negative
association(associate)．
6．(2021·河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)The name Tianwen, borrowed(borrow) from an ancient
Chinese poem by Qu Yuan of the Kingdom of Chu (475 BC-221 BC), ________(mean) “the quest for heavenly
truth”．
7．(2021·广东省深圳市高三下学期第二次调研考试)Two special friends in the Cincinnati area have created a
merrier(merry) Christmas than ever for the children and families affected during the pandemic, and it
________(inspire) by the experience of gratitude they both felt as they grew up.
8．(2021·新疆乌鲁木齐地区高三年级第二次质量监测(乌市二模))Some experts，who show disapproval of the
project, argue that there could be damage to the sea life and that the marine ecosystem may ________ (replace) by
dry land.
9．(2020·河北石家庄市高三一模)Animals ________(kill) for their fur and feathers，especially in the past few
decades simply because they were in the way.
10．(2021·山西朔州市高三一模)For instance, we unconsciously start to listen for and select information that
________(match) our understanding and turn a blind eye to information that doesn’t, rejecting(reject) it out of
hand.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2021·安徽马鞍山市高三一模)To be honest, I felt clumsy when I first learn to play it.
(2021·江西南昌市高三一模)Only when I’m honest and reliable will I be trusted with others.
3．(2021·江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)It was the first time that I have visited Nan Chang，where Wan Da
amusement park is being located.
4．(2021·内蒙古呼和浩特市高三一模)As we know，a clean city, where disease may be reduced and people’s
health may be better, are good both to our mind and body.
5．(2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市高三一模)I was riding my bike down to the corner shop on a Saturday morningwhen I attracted by a cute boy who was walking his dog.
6．(2021·四川省内江市高三第三次模拟)My instructor insisted I went to see a doctor.
7．(2021·贵州遵义市高三一模)A writer who won the Nobel Prize leads a very tough life at the age of 15．
8．(2021·黑龙江大庆市高三一模)She actually just retires this year and I couldn’t make it to her party in Dallas.
9．(2021·内蒙古包头市高三一模)The highlight of the visit were the hands-on experience in the science lab.
10．(2021·江西九校高三一模)Undoubtedly,_Yang will remembered for her great literary achievements forever.
【2022年】
1. (2022·全国卷Ⅰ) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___38___
(be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
___39__to increase _ effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
,
2. (2022·全国卷Ⅰ) After a three-year pilot period the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP
___40___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___41 and ___ leaving behind
precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
3. May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___4 1 b y __ _ the United
Nations on November 27th, 2019. ...The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address)
the opening ceremony.
4. （2022·全国卷甲 短文改错） However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him.
5.（2022·全国卷乙 短文改错）They often run at high speeds, which may put our lives in danger. And there were
traffic jams, too.
【2021年】
1. (2021·全国卷Ⅰ) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61
（be）for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2.（2021·全国卷甲）We 46_________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old
and shaky but did the job.
3.（2021年1月浙江卷） The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in
women and men. In cities, however, the gain 33． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.
4.（2021 年 6 月浙江卷） After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and45____（sell）most of their furniture.
5. （2021年北京卷语法填空） As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and
you get a dream．
5 .【2020年】
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，61, 67, 68)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient
Chinese moon goddess — _____________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really
excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _________(mean) we have the
chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct).”
2.（2020•新课标Ⅱ）Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of
spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62________ (carry) special significance.
3.（2020•新课标Ⅲ）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传
奇的) artist, they smiled and 66_________ (point) down the river.
4.（2020•山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38________ (form) the core
collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.
5.（2020•山东卷）Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41_________ (be) on display. Most of it is
stored away or used for research.
6.（2020•浙江卷）This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with the rise of science，changes
began. New methods 65_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【2019年】
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ，65, 70) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut________(report) increases in bear
sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. Of the nineteen recognized
polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ，70) Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene ______(declare) she had no
plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ，65, 69) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and_________(recommend) wonderful
places to eat. shop, and visit.
4. (2019·浙江卷) When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56___ (have) to worry about
fashion(时尚).
5. (2019·浙江卷) One study in America found that students’ grades 62___ (improve) a little after the schoolintroduced uniforms. But some students didn’t want to wear the uniform.
【2018年】
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ，64)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it______ (be) more
effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
2.(2018· 全 国 卷 Ⅱ ， 68) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the
government_________ (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —
and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
3.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，69)True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal ______ (mean)me no real harm.
He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”
【2017年】
1. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，67) Fast food _______ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get
more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
2. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ，68) Later, engineers ___________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels
(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，49) Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school
________(come) first.”
短文改错
1. （2021年高考全国甲卷短文改错） They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble,
we should seek help from those we trust most.
2. （2021年高考全国乙卷短文改错）That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking
on the topic!
