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考点 代词（核心考点
03
精讲练）
代词在近年高考试题中出现频率非常高。代词的考查集中在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查代词的
主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词和反身代词。预计2023年高考命题将继续考查代词在具
体、特定语境下的灵活运用。特别是不定代词 one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词 this，that，
these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。考点仍然以
人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等为主。
纵观历年高考试题，对代词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1. 不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones，another，the other的用法, many, much, few, little, a few, a
little的用法辨析；以及 both, all, any, either, neither, none 的辨析；
2. 物主代词的用法；
3. 人称代词主格和宾格的用法；
4. 表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；
5. 指示代词 this，that，these，those，it的用法；
6. another，(the) other(s)，else，the rest的用法；
7. every-，some-，any-，no与-thing，-one，-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。
在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握容易混淆的代词的辨析。
◆代词的考查要点代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系
代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
一、 人称代词
人称代词形式
数、格 单数 复数
人称
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you your
he him
第三人称 she her they them
it it
1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常
用宾格。
—Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一
致。
The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he替代)
They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格，故用her替代)
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别：
I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him，too.
2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，＂I＂总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
You，she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.二、 物主代词
物主代词形式
意义 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
类别
形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers ours yours theirs
1. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，在句子中作前置定语，不能单独使用。
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s
但是我与熊猫的联系追溯到二十世纪八十年代，我在电视节目中的日子。
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”可单独充当句子的主语，表语和宾语。
Your coat is black. Mine is red.
There is something wrong with my phone. May I use yours?
1. （单句语法填空）_______ (they) coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
19．（单句语法填空）To________________great credit, the young man succeeded in accomplishing the task.
三、 反身代词
反身代词形式
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
数
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。devote oneself to致力于
dress oneself自己穿衣
enjoy oneself过得快活
feel oneself觉得正常
3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for oneself为自己；独立地
of oneself自然地；自动地
by oneself独自地
in oneself本身
1. (2020.7.山东新高考)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模
拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or walking (walk) through a
rainforest.
2. （单句语法填空）Actually, I do know I need to drag________ (I) away from the online world sometimes.
2. （单句语法填空）I wonder whether you have asked________( you) what you really want.
四、 相互代词(each other，one another)
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s，one another’s，作定语。
一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
五、指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。
①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词
so。
Can hard work change a person that much?
考向1 对替代词的考查
1. that(those), one(ones)和it(的替代用法)
代词 用法
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于 the
that
one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的＂一个＂，其复数形式为ones
those 指＂the＋名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)＂
—Did you get a ticket?
——你搞到票了吗？
—Yes, I managed to get one.
——是的，我设法搞到了一张。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。
Studying Wendy’s menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.研究了温迪的菜单，
我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。
The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it.
这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。
说明：①one和that都可以用来替代上文中所出现的名词，有时可以互换；但是在下列情况下不可以互换：
只能用that 只能用one
that既可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词， one 只能替代可数名词单数，复数形式为
常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为 ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用
those。 one
②the ones用来替代上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况
下。
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的好。Only those(the ones)who had booked in advance were allowed in.只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。
但是，the ones中的ones根据情况可用形容词修饰，而those不可以。
—Which do you want?你想要哪个?
—I’ll have the red ones.我要红色的。
Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
【知识链接】
1. 当替代词one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another
等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如：
I think my dog’s the fastest (one). 我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。
Either (one) will suit me. (这两个当中)哪一个对我都合适。
Let’s have another (one). 咱们再来一个吧。
She looked at each (one) carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。
Which (one) would you like?—That (one) looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。
2. 复数形式的 ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及 some, any, both, several,
dozen, own 等词修饰。如：
Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? (不能说：…some
ones?)
Do you have any new diaries?—We don’t have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼下一
本也没有了。(不能说：... any ones? )
He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。(不能说：... two ones.)
注：如果ones前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如：
误：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones
正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones
在美国英语中，ones不能紧跟在these和those之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用(也不常见)。
3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one(s)来替代。如：
Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? (不能说：... or tea ones? )
但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one(s)替代。如：
We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。
1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier
than _________who are not.
A. ones B. thoseC. these D. them
2．Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _______
extra stress.
A．it B．them
C．one D．him
3．In 2016, I wrote a book, After 9/11，about my experiences and _______of over a dozen of my former
classmates.
A．that B．those C．the one D．ones
4．The new information will help Thai music culture develop, as well as________ of nearby countries.
A．it B．one C．those D．that
考向2 对both，all，either，any，neither，none 的考查
这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。
1) both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。
2) both，either
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.(两岸)路边长满了花。
There are flowers on either side of the street. (岸的两边)路边长满了花。
3) all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
I don't like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词;跟复数名词，用复数动词。
All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。1.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _______ contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none C. either D. neither
2.—When shall I call , in the morning or afternoon?
—_______. I’ll be in all day .
A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either
3.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _______ of her enthusiasm for life.
A. no one B. neither C .none D. all
4.My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______ was available from that shop.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
考向3 对 another，the other，other，others，the others 的考查
代词 用法
other 不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的＂另一个＂；也可修饰名词，表示
the other
＂另外的……＂
单独使用或修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指＂另一，再一＂；泛指三者或三者以
another 上的人或物中的＂另一个＂。另外 another后可接＂基数词/few＋复数名词＂
形式，表示＂另外的……(多少)＂
others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为＂其他的人或事物＂，常与some一起出现
the others 意为＂剩余的一些＂
His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.
他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生，一个是护士。
When Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects with them.
当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，他们带着自己的方言。
You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse，another is a teacher and still another is a worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。We need another few chairs.我们还需要几把椅子。
1.It seemed so sad that the two, who had been lovers, pretended not to recognize ________ when they met in the
street.
A．neither B．the other C．each other D．another
2.—Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?
—_______ one?
A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More
3.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _______.
A. the other B. other C. the others D. another
4.You are the team star! Working with _______ is really your cup of tea.
A. both B. either C. others D. the other
1. Recently, as (I) grandmother became ill, I found (I) spending more time
in the hospital.
2. I hate when she calls me at work-I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with
(she).
3. I am blessed to have a close friend, with a generous heart and an interesting soul.
4. suddenly occurred to him that was bad manners to argue with the
teacher before he figured out the problem.
5. No one is greater than Hawking, because he has reshaped (we) understanding of what
it means to be those who are broken in body but firm in spirit.
6. Despite (he) old age, Jack is still in better shape than many young men.
7. You’d better take down the number that Jim told you just now in case you forget .
8. –-My ruler is broken. Can I borrow (you)?
--Of course. Here is.
9. In his letter, he thanked (I) for my appreciating his work.
10. is believed that it was his ability to work under pressure that led to his great success.
11. In the past 13 years, Zhang Guimei has helped more than 1,600 girls achieve (they) university
dreams.
12. Generally, people define a successful life as being happy, healthy, and able to enjoy life to
(it）fullest.
13. Nowadays, school safety is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, calling for our greatconcern.
14. I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacturer that could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by
(I).
15. He lent me a few books, but of them are easy to read.
16. It’s reported that boys usually copy the behavior of their fathers’, and girls of their
mothers’.
17. Sometimes they just drive slowly, enjoying the scenery on sides of the road.
18.I came across a good friend of (I) in the square the other day , but we didn’t talk
much because he was rushing to catch the bus .
19. Taking regular exercise is one good way to help us keep fit and having a balanced diet
is .
20．The Smiths did (they) best to make me and my friend feel at home, and we both were really
moved by their generosity .
1.（2022全国乙卷 语法填空）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the
ceremony, opening _____50_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
2.（2022全国乙卷 短文改错）When you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So they are not producing
carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution.
3.（2022全国甲卷 短文改错）One day, my father talked with me and hoped to mend our relations. With
the efforts made by all sides, we began to understand each other better.
4. （2022全国甲卷 短文改错）My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school.
【2021年高考语法填空】
1.（2021新高考一卷）As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it
will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ________ (I).
2.（2021全国乙卷）Ecotourism has 65. _____ (it) origin with the environmental movement of
the 1970s.
3.（2021年6月浙江卷）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection
of 41 ______ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order."
【2020年】
（2020·山东卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟)
and imagine 42 ． (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
【2019年】（2019·北京卷）Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to 3 (I) the two simple words “Be
yourself”.
【2018年】
1.（2018·全国卷I）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same
benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70.______a try.
2.（2018·浙江卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries
once they realize how cheap 58._____can be to eat out.
【2017年】
（2017·浙江卷）Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She
thought I had hurt 59._____ (I),” says Pahlsson.
高考短文改错
2下列各句中均有一处错误，指出并改正。
1. (2021全国甲卷)Only a little choose to deal with the problems on their own.
2.(2021全国甲卷) Only a few choose to deal with the problems on our own.
3. (2021全国乙卷)I love doing housework. ... In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing
some housework. ...That’s our view on housework.
4. (2020·全国I) “Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed.
5. (2020·全国Ⅱ)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
6 (2020·全国III)But he insists on us eating healthy food.
7. (2019·全国III)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is
created for them.
8. (2018·全国Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and
another animals.
9. (2018·全国Ⅱ)No matter how many times I asked to watch cartoons, my parents would not let me. They
would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
10. (2018·全国Ⅲ)I had done myself homework but I was shy.
11. (2017·全国Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteenth birthday, I took driving lessons. I still
remember how hard first day was.
12. (2017·全国Ⅱ)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
13. (2017·全国Ⅲ)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
