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考点 18非限制性定语从句、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句（重难
考点精讲练）
考向一 非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明，删去非限制性定语从句，主句的意
思仍是概念清晰、结构完整的。非限制性定语从句的引导词有who，whom，which，whose，as，when，
where等，that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，从句之前要用逗号。
先行词指人，则用who，whose，which等；
先行词指物，要用which；
先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用when或者where引导。
一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况：
1. 关系代词指代整个主句时，使用非限制性定语从句。
☛You did a lot for me, for which I was grateful. 你为我做了许多，对此我很感激。
☛The Diaoyu Island belongs to China, as is known to us. 众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。
☛A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,
这令我十分恐惧。
2. 当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名地名等专有名词时，使用非限制性定语从句。
☛China, which is my motherland, is developing fast. 中国是我的祖国，正在快速发展。
☛Eason, who was a pop star, got married last year. 伊森去年结婚了，他是明星。
☛Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held. 他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在
那里举行。
3. 当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属（son，daughter等）时，使用非限制性定语从句。
☛He has a daughter, who is studying in London. 他有个女儿，现在正在伦敦学习。（只有一个女儿）
☛This is my teacher, who has something to tell you. 这是我的老师，他有一些事情要告诉你。
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 形式不同
限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句与主句之
间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。
2. 功能不同
限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不
清；而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
☛People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意
义)☛His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把
从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整)
3. 翻译不同
在翻译定语从句时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限制性定语从句与主
句分开。
☛He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
☛I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
4. 含义不同
比较下面的两个句子：
☛I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
☛I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
5. 先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可
以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性
定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。
☛Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)
☛He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)
☛Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词
为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
☛Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为
表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
6. 关系词不同
关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句
中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。
1. He passed the college entrance examinations, ________ made his parents very proud.
2. The conference, ________ was reported in the newspaper, turned out to be a great success.
3. My son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
4. He has made a wonderful discovery,________I think is of great importance to science.
考向二 as，which引导的定语从句
一、相同点两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，
位于主句之后有时可互换。
☛The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted. 会议被推迟了，这正是我们想要的。
☛He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner. 他是一名医生，我是从他的举止中知道的。
二、不同点
1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。
☛As is known to all, fish can’t live without water. 众所周知，鱼离开水无法生存。
☛Air, as we know, is gas. 正如我们所知，空气是气体。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，which后的be动词不可省；而as后的be动词可以省略。
☛She told me she won the match, which was a lie. 她告诉我们她赢得了比赛，这是一个谎言。
☛The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure. 这种材料是有弹性的，正如图中所示。
3. which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语；而as作主语时，谓语常用系动词，如
be，seem，become等，一般不用其他行为动词。
☛He saw the girl, which delighted him. 他看见了那个女孩，这让他很高兴。
☛He didn’t say anything at the meeting, as/which seemed very strange. 他在会议上一言未发，这看起来非
常奇怪。
4. as常用＂正如＂含义，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那
样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）；as we all can see（正如我们看到的）；be announced /
expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句
中或句末。
☛As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
☛Kate was late for school, as often happened. 凯特上学迟到了，正如常发生的那样。
5. 在非限制性定语从句中，which可指代主句中的某一个单词，as不可以。
☛My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well. 我哥哥喜欢打篮球，他打得非常好。
☛Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital. 北京，他出生的地方，是我们的首都。
6. ＂介词+关系代词（介宾代物）＂中关系代词只能用which。
The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.
那家与我们交易了好几年的旅行社又开了新的分店。
☛Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent. 空气是一种气体的综合体，其中氧气占了
21%。
7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which。
☛He can write a letter in English, which I can not. 他可以用英语写信，我不能。
☛Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not. 金属能承受得住用锤子敲打，但是石头则
不能。
8. 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which。
☛He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue. 他说他通过了考试，这是假的。
介词词-关系代词引导的定语从句（重难考点精讲练）考向一 ＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句
●＂介词＋关系代词＂的用法
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句。如果指＂人＂，
用＂介词＋whom＂；如果指＂物＂，用＂介词＋which＂。
●＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用
1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形
容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。
☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2.表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each
等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区
别。
☞His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the
window，而不是from the window)
●在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。
●＂of which / whom＂有时可以用＂whose＋名词＂结构来改写。
●当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可
省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。
1. He wrote many books, two of________ have been published so far.
2. His theory is the basis on ________many theories about education are built.
3. Soon the children in the camp had many new friends, with ________ they shared food a stories.
考向二 定语从句与其他句型的区别
一、限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别
关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词有跟他们含义相应的先行词，而引导同位语从句时则没有与他
们含义相应的先行词。☞Sorry, I’ve forgot the day when we met for the first time.
抱歉，我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。（定语从句，先行词the day 与when含义相应）
☞I’ve no idea when we met for the first time.
我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。（同位语从句，idea与when没有任何联系）
二、定语从句与时间状语从句的区别
当定语从句的引导词与时间状语从句的连接词都是when时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明时间名词，只
能放在先行词的后面；而时间状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。
☞Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）
☞It was already five o’clock when the class was over.
=When the class was over, it was already five o’clock.
当课结束时，已经是五点钟了。（时间状语从句）
三、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词；而
状语从句则说明动作发生的地点，where没有对应的地点名词或代词。
☞This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.
这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。（定语从句）
☞Let’s go where we can find a better job.
我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）
四、定语从句与强调句型的区别
定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有
所指；而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 没有任何
意义；一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。
It is a book that he wants.
它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问
题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的
问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书。显然，句子是强调句型。
五、定语从句与结果状语从句的区别
定语从句中的关系词在从句中还要作某种成分，因而从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词不作
任何句子成分，因此句子成分完整。
☞It is such an interesting book as we all like.
它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。（定语从句）
☞It is such an interesting book that we all like it.
它是一本如此有趣的书，我么大家都喜欢它。（结果状语从句）
比较：It is such an interesting book that we all like. 强调句型。意思是：我们大家都喜欢的是一本如此有趣
的书。
六、定语从句与独立主格结构的区别
定语从句一般有关系词、主谓结构完整；而独立主格结构没有关系词、也没有谓语动词。
☞The book being very interesting, we all like it. 由于这本书有趣，我们大家都喜欢它。☞The book which / that is very interesting was published last year. 这本有趣的书是去年出版的。
1.It was until late afternoon he was figuring out he considered was a wise way to fight
against it.
A. when; what B. that; that C. that; what D. when; that
2.You'll find the houses and circumstances there different, but much of ______ you find inside will be familiar.
A. what B. which C. that D. these
3.When Beijing Opera masks, people usually use white to highlight is bad in human nature.
A. painted; all B. to paint; all C. being painted; that D. painting; what
1.Written Chinese has also become an important means by ________ China’s present is connected with its
past. (2020 河南天一大联考阶段检测)
2.To attract visitors to the coaster, the park has just released (发布) new photos and videos online, ________
show what the coaster will be like from the perspective (视角) of person riding.(2020 河南九师联盟9月质
检)
3.After running a restaurant for several years, he retired at the age of 65 and received his first social security
check, ________ was for $105, as his only income. (2020 山西太原五中9月月考)
4.The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the gold was for the person
________ removed the huge rock from the road. (2020 河南许昌高级中学月考)
5.Many farms also use chemicals ________ will kill insects in order to protect their plants. (2020 黑龙江大
庆铁人中学开学考试)
6.In mid-September, ________ their seedless white grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes to be
transported to other parts of the country. (2020 黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考)
7.In 2006, its average weekly circulation was reported to be 1.5 million copies, half of ________ were sold in
the United States. (2020 云南昆明一中摸底一)
8.In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down, ________ is the result of
the competition with online bookstores. (2019 山西太原期中考试)
9.For instance, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent
of ________ were set up by local doctors. (2019 河北保定摸底考试)
10. He was also the one ________ founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Pao in 1959. (2019 海南儋州一次统测)
11. Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads will be built and the Metro system will be
expanded, ________ can reduce traffic jams. (2019 河北衡水中学一调)
12. The majority of the ads were also promoting extra-curricular education institutions, ________ have
been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students. (2019 湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中
考试)
13. He had skin cancer, ________ made him ready to give up. (2018 浙江温州普通高中高考适应性测
试)
14. There are certain dates throughout the year ________ the entire country takes a vacation at the same
time. (2018 湖南永州一模)
15. Analysts in China say there are three factors ________ contribute to the sudden increase of bikes.
(2018 浙江湖州、衢州、丽水三地市教学质检)
16. Life is like an onion, ________ sometimes makes you weep when you try opening it.
17. In the fast moving information age, teenagers should keep pace with the media environment ________
they communicate with the outside world.
18. Officials of our city are considering a law ________ would require pet owners to put microchips in their
animals.
19. The result was not the same as they had expected, ________ was rather disappointing.
20. The school library is a resource ________ you can take advantage to make progress.
21. This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ________ many others are short of.
22. Whether you like it or not, we live in a community ________ online chatting is an important part of
communication.
23. Each graduate standing on the playground, ________ was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a
diploma by the headmaster.
24. The mother thanked the young man again and again, without ________ help her son would have been
killed by the passing car.
25. My grandmother lived in a generation ________ women were looked down upon.
26. —How do you understand life?
—It is a constant match ________ the greatest opponent is yourself.
27. The children, all of ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
28. Our grandma, ________ we called “Nanny”, would always bake bread a day ahead.
29. Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of ________ was very reasonable.
30. In their class there are altogether 54 students, half of ________ wear glasses.
31. There are many good websites ________ you can check out the latest news in the science world.
32. After graduation she reached a point in her life ________ she had to decide what to do.
33. They talked about the things and people ________ they met during the trip.
34. It was in the small house ________ was built with stones that he spent his childhood.
35. If you want to learn the piano well, all _______ you have to do is to practice every day withcorrect methods.
36. I have been reading Commonwealth by Ann Patchett recently. I think it is the most interesting
book ________ I have ever read.
37. The train ran over to a boy and his dog ________ were just crossing the track.
38. The reason ________ he failed is that he relied on others too much.
39. In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations ________ would
bring about positive emotions.
40. Gone are the days ________ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less
invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.
【2020-2019】
1.（2020·新课标II卷· 短文改错）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
2.（2020·新课标III卷·短文改错）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by
Mom with appreciation.
3.（2020·天津卷·单项填空）7. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave
it to his grandson.
A. which B. when C. where D. who
4.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally
engaged(参与)in academic life,taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
5.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming
true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
【2017-2015】
1.(2017·天津)My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose
C. his D. who
2.（2016·天津）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， ______the weather may be better.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
3.（2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good
for the health.
4.（2017·新课标卷II·短文改错）In their spare time, they are interesting（改为interested） in planting
vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
5. （2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants
to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.6.（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）But my connection with pandas goes back 64 （ to ） my days on a
TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 （ permitted ） (permit) to film a
special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
7.（2015·湖南）It is a truly delightful place， ______looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with
its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A.as B. where
C. that D. which
8.（2015·天津）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere______ his employees enjoy
their work.
A. where B. which
C. when D. who
9.（2015·四川）The books on the desk， ______covers are shiny， are prizes for us.
A. which B. what
C. whose D. that
