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考点 15 非谓语动词（三）
近年来，高考对非谓语动词的可知主要集中在非谓语动词的句法功能（作宾语、主语、 补语，表语
和状语）；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分
词和过去分词在上下文中的联和状语系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固
定句型和在句子中的句法功能。预测2023年高考非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点热点。非谓语动词在语法填
空、短文改错中必考点。
考查其句法功能；考查V-ing与V-ed的辨析仍然是重点。
1. 非谓语动词的基本用法和含义；
2. 非谓语动词的时态和语态；
3. 非谓语动词的句法功能；
4. 非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。
考向六 非谓语动词作宾补
1．只能跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, order, prefer, remind, reqire, teach ,
tell, want, wish, call on, 等
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多肉。
注意：
1． think, consider, believe suppose, feel, find, imagine, prove, appoint, jugde等后常用“to be" 作宾补/主补。
People considered him to be a great leader. 人们认为他是一位伟大的领袖。
2. fear, excuse/forgive, refuse, punish, suggest/propose, agree/aprove,inform, welcome,accompany,blame,
insist/persist, hope, arrange, demand, thank, congratulate, prevent 等后不能使用不定式作宾补。
2．感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：
☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
☞To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
3．使役动词make，let，have，get后加复合宾语的情况
The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
☞Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.
让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。
☞He had the fire burning all night.他让火燃烧了一夜。☞He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。
易混辨析
(1)现在分词作补足语
由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词
作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。
☞I heard her singing when I passed by her room.
我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
☞I found the topic being discussed everywhere then.
那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者)
☞Are you listening to them quarrelling？
你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
☞His remarks set me thinking.
他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
☞The explosion sent us running in all directions.
那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
(2)不定式作补语
①不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。
☞Did you notice him leave the house？你看到他离开房间了吗？
☞I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。
②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on，rely on，depend on，wait for，long
for，vote for等。
☞You can depend on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。
☞We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的到来。
③动词think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常接＂to
be＋形容词(名词或反身代词)＂结构。
☞He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe.
人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。
☞Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况。1. Eager readers can check with libraries ______________ if they have people interested in book discussion.
A．seeing B．see C．to see D．to have seen
2．We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems ______.
A．to be settled B．to settle C．settled D．having settled
3．With a large amount of work _________for this fierce speech contest, the students have been staying up these
days to make full preparations for it.
A．remaining to be finished B．remained finished
C．remained being done D．remaining to finish
考向七 省to 的动词不定式
一、使役动词后省略to的情况
在let, make, have等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。如：
☞My mother wouldn’t let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。
☞I don’t like milk, but mother made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶，可是母亲强迫我喝。
注意：
1. 当使役动词用于被动语态时，要补上在主动语态中省略的to(主要是指make，let和have很少用于被动语
态)。
2. force, oblige等虽然也表示2. force, oblige＂使＂，但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如：
☞He forced me to go with them. 他迫使我同他们一起去。
☞The police obliged him to leave. 警方强迫他离开。
二、感官动词后省略to的情况
在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。如：
☞I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。
☞I saw the woman enter a bank. 我看见这个女人进了一家银行。
☞We often hear her sing this song. 我们经常听到她唱这首歌。
☞Did you notice her leave the house? 她离开屋子你注意到了吗?
注意：
1. 这里所说的感觉动词主要包括see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch等。但是它们用于被动语态时，其
后的不定式必须带to。但是，用于以上句型的动词notice 和watch和通常不用于被动语态。
2. 类似地，动词look at和listen to后用作宾语补足语的不定式也不带to。3. 若动词feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为 to be，则要带 to(其他情况不带 to)。
4. 若不定式为完成式，通常应带 to。
三、动词help后省略to的情况
在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以不带to。如：
☞Can I help (to) carry this heavy box? 我可以帮忙扛这个重箱子吗？
☞Mother helped me (to) do my homework. 妈妈帮助我做作业。
注意：
1. 当 help 之后接一个较长的名词词组作宾语或当其中的不定式所表示的动作主语不直接参加时，不定式
通常带to。如：
☞Help the little boys at the back of the hall to carry the chairs out. 请帮大厅后面那些小男孩把椅子搬出
去。
☞These tablets will help you to sleep. 这些药片将对你的睡眠有帮助。
2. 在当help用于被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。如：
☞The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins. 那男孩由一个妇女帮他捡拾散乱一地的
钱币。
四、why (not)…后省略to的情况
在why (not)…?之后的不定式不能带to。如：
☞Why go with him? 为什么要同他一起去？
☞Why not ask the teacher? 为什么不去问问老师？
☞Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢?
五、介词except / but后省略to的情况
用作介词except, but宾语的不定式有时带to，有时不带to。其大致原则是：若其前出现了动词 do，其后的
不定式通常不带 to；若其前没有出现动词 do，则其后的不定式通常带 to。如：
☞I had no choice but to wait. 除了等，我没有别的选择。
☞He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。
☞It had no effect except to make him angry. It had no effect except to make him angry.
除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。
☞She can do everything except cook. 除了做饭之外她什么都会。
六、主语带do表语省略to的情况
当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to。如：
☞All you do now is (to) complete the form. 你现在要做的只是把这张表填好。
☞The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。
☞What I’ll do is 我要做的就是告诉她真相。七、并列不定式省略to的情况
当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时，通常只需在第一个不定式前用to，其余不定式前的to可以省略。
如：☞He told me to stay there and wait for him. 他叫我在那儿等他。
☞I’m really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知该怎么想怎么说。
☞It is easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易，强迫人难。
但是，如果两者有对比关系，则后面不定式前的to不可省略。如：
☞To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 尝试而失败总比不尝试好。
八、省略不定式是否保留to
在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。如：
☞I shall go if I want to. 如果我想去就去。
☞ ＂Don’t be late.＂ ＂I’ll try not to.＂ ＂不要来晚了。＂＂我尽量不来晚。＂
☞Don’t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。
注意：1. 若被省略的不定式为to be短语，则通常应保留to be。如：
☞He is not the man he used to be. 他已不是原来的那个样子了。
2. 有时省略不定式时，同时也可省略to。如：
☞She may go if she likes (to). 她想去就可以去。
They knew her very well. They had seen her __________（grow）up from childhood.
1.（2021•南开区期中模拟•单项填空•T11）
The COVID-19 has dealt a heavy blow to the world economy, _______ from the COVID-19 crisis,
the Chinese government is making joint efforts.
A. recovering B. to recover C. having recovered D. recover
2.（2021•南开中学二模•单项填空•T5）
When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing
many similarities.
A. being compared B. comparingC. Compared D. having been compared
3.（2021•南开中学一模•单项填空•T9）
__________the center of the Tiananmen Square, we saw a giant flower basket with the theme of
“Good Luck. China” for the celebration of the National Day.
A. Approaching B. To approach
C. Approached D. Being approached
4.（2021•南开中学一模•单项填空•T12）
We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as to tell China’s story
well and make the voice of China ______.
A. hearing B. heard C. having heard D. to hear
5.（2021•塘沽一中一模•单项填空•T5）
This article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each ______one major point in
contrast with the other.
A. makes B. made C. making D. is to make
6.（2021•塘沽一中一模•单项填空•T6）
---Why so serious, dear?
---Nothing I am just thinking about the problem _______tomorrow.
A. discussed B. will be discussed
C. to be discussed D. being discussed
7.（2021•天津滨海七校联考•单项填空•T2）
_________in Avebury, England, the monument is so large that it can only be seen from the sky.
A. Located B. Locating
C. Being located D. To locate
8.（2021•天津滨海七校联考•单项填空•T7）
The problems_________ at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve.
A. to be discussed B. discussed
C. being discussed D. to discuss
9.（2021•天津大港一中三模•单项填空•T8）
Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.
A turn B. turningC. to turn D. turned
10.（2021•天津大港一中三模•单项填空•T10）
__________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work B. Worked
C. To be working D. Having worked
11.（2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T7）
When Tom got home he saw a note on the table _______that don’t be discouraged, everything will
turn out well soon.
A. reading B. reads C. to read D. read
12.（2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T13）
_________ on September 25, 2020, Leap, which focuses on the story of Chinese Women Volleyball
Team, soon became a great hit.
A. Releasing B. Being released
C. To release D. Released
13.（2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T4）
Various measures are being taken such as the street-stall and small-store economy ______ domestic
demand.
A. expanded B. to be expanding C. expanding D. to expand
14.（2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T6）
______ by heroes in harm’s way, many students chose to study medicine at college.
A. Inspiring B. Being inspired C. Inspired D. Having inspired
15.（2021•天津市部分区期中模拟•单项填空•T12）
The players ________ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A. selecting B. to select
C. selected D. having selected
16.（2021•兰州市三诊•短文改错）
I took her advice and concentrated on my study when I didn't need go to clubs.
17.（2021•江南十校一模•短文改错）
Faced such a great opportunity, we both felt excited.18.（2021•黄山市二模•短文改错）
I used to be a person who hated exercising. But after I started playing baseball, I became attracting to
the sport.
19.（2021•淮南市一模•短文改错）
Second, if time permits, it does them good to take them to travel. Traveling is a good way for them to
get relaxed and enjoyed the beautiful scenery outdoors.
20.（2021•合肥市二模•短文改错）
When we arrived, my cousin Maomao grabbed my arm at once, inviting me collect snow with our
grandpa.
21.（2021•合肥市二模•短文改错）
After a while, in the yard were some snowmen, all look funny.
、
1.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 ． (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模
拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43 ． (walk)through a rainforest.
3.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
