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第 12 讲 谓语动词的被动语态（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题谓语动词的被动语态考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023年 新高考I卷 语法填空: /
新高考** 错误 语法填空: /
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空: be employed
短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: /
短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 语法填空: were permitted
天津卷 单项选择:
2022年 新高考I卷 语法填空: is designed
新高考** 错误 语法填空: /
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空: /
短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: /
短文改错：去掉have后的been。
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 语法填空: is viewed或has been viewed
天津卷 单项选择: were distributed
2021年 新高考I卷 语法填空: /
新高考** 错误 语法填空: /
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空: was built
短文改错：/
全国乙卷 语法填空:/
短文改错：/
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 语法填空: was painted；
is considered
天津卷 单项选择: are being displayed；
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 1had been offered
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年对于谓语动词被动语态的考查点：
1. 一般现在时的被动语态；
2. 一般过去时的被动语态；
3. 现在进行时的被动语态；
4. 现在完成时的被动语态。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；
2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；
3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；
4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
【命题预测】
预计2024年高考谓语动词语态仍将是考查的重点和难点，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很
可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。
考点一 被动语态的基本时态变化
一、被动语态基本形式和意义
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种
时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）：
时
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
时
体
一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would / should be done
is / am / are was / were being
进行
being done done
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 2have / has been will / shall have would / should have been
完成 had been done
done been done done
被动语态的特殊结构形式
(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。
(2) “get＋过去分词”式被动语态
在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作
用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
几种主动变被动的规则
（1）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语
仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （间接宾语为主语）
A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. （直接宾语为主语，需加介词to）
（2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
（3）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾
语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
（4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结
构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(介词off不能遗漏)
5.当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 3People said he was a smart boy.
可变为：It was said that he was a smart boy.
He was said to be a smart boy
(2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...
二、 不能用被动语态的几种情况：
1.（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the
center of the circles.
1.（2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模））The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27
tonnes of payload(有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China held in south China’s
Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket ______（display）.
2. （2023·河北省五个一名校联盟摸底）Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen ________ (select) to be the mascot of the
Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries submitted from 35 countries.
3. ．(2023·江苏省海安市高三学业质量监测)“We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our
village ________ (restore)，” said Qi.
考点二 主动形式表被动意义
（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主
系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时；
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 4（3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意
思时；
（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
（6）在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀
一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing。
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
注释：** 错误的表达式 **＂be有人称、时、数变＂即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。
** 错误的表达式 **＂情助＂是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等
一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。
** 错误的表达式 **＂疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一
助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
1．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）His new novel _________; very few people would like to read it.
A．sells well B．is well sold C．sells badly D．is badly sold
2．（2020·内蒙古·赤峰二中高三阶段练习）My parents like climbing the mountain behind my home in the
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 5morning, because the mountainous air is so good ________.
A．breathing B．breathed C．to breathe D．to be breathed
1.（2019·宁夏·石嘴山市第三中学高三阶段练习）They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult
_______.
A．to solve B．solved C．to be solved D．solving
2．（2019·黑龙江·铁人中学高三期中）I want to buy that kind of cloth because I_____the cloth_____well.
A．have told;washed B．have been told;washes
C．have been told;washed D．was told;washes
3．（2020·全国·高三专题练习）The careless driver is____for the traffic accident that____yesterday.
A．to blame;happened B．to blame;was happened
C．to be blamed;was happened D．to be blamed;happened
过关检测
1.（2023·湖北省高三年级5月份联考）Different tones can be produced when the bells _______ (ring) with a
wooden hammer and a long stick, and beautiful music can be performed.
2.（2023·江苏省盐城四校联考）Nowadays, face masks________(wear) all over the world, but China is one of
first countries to realize the importance off the wearing of face masks. In fact, it is also a result of traditional
cultural factors in China.
3.（2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模）About 385, 000 people from 192 countries take part in the yearly
project to count birds. The event________(launch)for the first time 25 years ago.
4.（2023·广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三 5月联考） In 2013, she______(cast) as the lead dancer in two dance
performances in the gala feast.
5.（2023·重庆市第八中学校月考） On arrival in Paris, constantly I ______ (remind) of the official processes I
had to complete.
6.（2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟）Concluded by ancestors from the shifting weathers and
agricultural production, Lichun _______ (regard) as a guide for sowing and plowing in ancient China.
7.（重庆市第八中学校2023学年高三下学期4月试题） On arrival in Paris, constantly I ______ (remind) of
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 6the official processes I had to complete.
8.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）Concluded by ancestors from the shifting weathers and
agricultural production, Lichun _______ (regard) as a guide for sowing and plowing in ancient China.
9.（江苏省决胜新高考2023年高三4月大联考试题）Xidi village ________ (compose) of more than 300 civil
residences, most of which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
10.（2023届广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三5月联考试题） In 2013, she______(cast) as the lead dancer in two
dance performances in the gala feast.
11.（2023届湖北省高三年级5月份联考试题） Different tones can be produced when the bells _______
(ring) with a wooden hammer and a long stick, and beautiful music can be performed.
12.（2023届山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模试题）About 385, 000 people from 192 countries take part in the
yearly project to count birds. The event________(launch)for the first time 25 years ago.
真题演练
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46Having visited____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I
____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich
heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
2.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can
still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
3. 【2023年浙江卷1月】Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the
circles.
2022年
1.【2022 新高考 I 卷】The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the
authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological
buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
3. 【2022年全国乙卷】Just see how cars have been taken over our cities.
4.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 7Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
2021年
1.【2021.6 全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored（修复）.
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
3.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
4．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it
would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
5. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer
companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂
because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂
2.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】The artist was sure he would 63. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to
the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he
could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
3.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or
rooms.
4.【2020年浙江卷1月】People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention
should___64___(place)on longevity(长寿).
5.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】Readers____44____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital
world with the guidance of_____45our_____（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 86.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away.
7.【2020年浙江卷7月】And，as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). ...
8. 【2020年天津卷第一次】—The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________.
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷III】 On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert
on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70listening___ (listen)to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
2.【2019年江苏卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer
Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
3. 【2019年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village
last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 9
