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重难点 03 动词时态·语态
动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴,构成了英语语法的基本框架。因此时态与语态
也是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目,主要出现在单项填空、语法填空、短文改错以及补全
句子中。命题趋势高考考点 试题由“知识立意”向“能力立意”转变的命题原则。试题的
设问多
以中学生普遍感到难以把握的几组时态为主。在语法填空、短文改错以及补全句子方面,命
题主要是通过语境考查考生对动词时态和语态的综合运用能力。高考对被动语态的考查热
点主要是及物动词或动词短语在被动语态中的使用。在被动语态的完成时态和进行时态中,
考生往往漏掉been或bei ng。被动语态结合各种常用时态,仍将是高考命题的热点。
解答谓语动词的时态和语态的问题时，可通过以下几种途径来解决：1．通过“时态定义”解决时态：2．通过“标志性状语”解决时态：高考中，很多题目本身就带有明确的用某种时态
的时间状语，要学会利用这些状语来解决时态问题。
(1)看到always, every time, now and then, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等表示频率的
时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday, last week, two days ago, the other day, in 1998, just now, once upon a
time等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。
(3)看到tomorrow, next year, in a week等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。
(4)看到the next day/morning, the next/following week/month/year等时间状语，要想到用
过去将来时。
(5)看到all the time, now, at 4 o'clock, at this moment, at present等时间状语，要想到用现
在进行时。
(6)看到at that time, at this time yesterday, at five yesterday, the whole morning等时间状语，
要想到用过去进行时。
(7)看到at this time tomorrow, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等时间状语，要想到用将
来进行时。
(8)看到since, recently, lately, already, in/for/during the last/past few years, so far, up to
now, during the past/last＋时间段等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
(9)看到by that time, by the end of＋过去时间，before 2000, by the time＋一般过去时的
从句，要想到用过去完成时。
(10)看到by the time＋一般现在时的从句，by the end of＋将来时间的名词，by＋将来
时间名词等时间状语，要想到用将来完成时。
3．通过“动作先后”解决时态：此种方法主要用来解决两种类型的试题：①并列连
词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both ... and ..., neither ... nor ..., either ... or ..., not only ...
but also ..., rather than等及从属连词than可连接两个平行的结构。平行的另外一个结构与
所选谓语动词的先后关系，决定着所选动词的时态；②涉及主从句时态的题目，我们可通
过考虑主句和从句的关系和动作发生的时间先后来确定时态。
例如：
One day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he (bathe) inside, the
volcano erupted unexpectedly.
本句为and连接的并列结构，根据前面的was drawing便可得知此处应填 was
bathing。
Mr White (teach) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last
month.
根据for nearly forty years可知应用完成时，再根据before从句中的retired可知，从句
中用的为过去时，主句动作发生在其前，故应用过去完成时，即had taught。4．通过“语境暗示”解决时态：实际上，高考对时态的考查更注重“情境立意”，
即在具体的语境下运用各种时态的能力。正因为如此，有些试题的时间状语和其他参照物
都不明显，此时要树立全局观念，根据提供的语境，挖掘隐含信息，从而找到解题的突破
口。
例如：
While online shopping (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
根据语境结合后面的have been可知此处应用现在完成时，强调对现在造成的结果或
影响，又主语为online shopping，故应填has changed。
5．通过“固定句式”解决时态：所谓固定就是需要记住，因此必须要熟记一些常见
的固定句式结构。
(1)看到no sooner ... than ...或hardly ... when ...，要想到主句用过去完成时，从句用一
般过去时。
(2)看到并列连词when，要想到was/were doing sth when ...；be about to do sth when ...
等句式。
(3)看到It/This/That is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时。
(4)看到It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用过去完成时。
(5)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时
表示将来。
(6)在由since引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是现在完成时，从句则用一般过去时。
(7)看到“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，要想到陈述句用一般将来时。
6．通过“逻辑关系”解决语态：对于语态问题的解题关键就在于理清主语与谓语的
关系，如果为主动关系，则用主动语态，如果为被动关系，则用被动语态。需要注意的是，
在做题时往往对时态问题比较关注，但却容易忽略语态问题，因此我们可采用“先语态，
后时态”的做题方式来避免此类问题的发生。被动语态在各种时态中的构成形式如下所示：
一般式 进行式 完成式
am/is/ am/is/are have/has
现在时
are done being done been done
was/ was/were
过去时 had been done
were done being done
will/shall will/shall have
将来时 /
be done been done
would/should would/should
过去将来时 /
be done have been done
7．注意“特殊动词”：有些动词(短语)的用法比较特殊，要格外注意。如belong
to(属于)不用进行时和被动语态；date from或date back to(追溯到)常用一般现在时；系动
词如look,seem, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, appear等不能用被动语态。对于这些特殊的词汇，
务必要记牢。
近年来,高考英语主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成
时等时态以及它们的被动语态。
（限时30分钟）
1（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
__________ (be)previously unprotected,
2（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next
year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the
authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity,
protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future
generations”.
3（2022新高考II卷）Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
4（2022新高考II卷）He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly
__________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
5（2022年浙江卷1月）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently
by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange
information.
6（2022年浙江卷1月）But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea
pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change）
their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.7（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200
academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible
since the effort started two years ago.
8（2021新高考I卷）You can’t help wondering how hard it ___________（be）for the people
then to put all those rocks into place.
9（2021新高考II卷）Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of
the biggest companies I wrote to _______________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
10（2021年浙江卷）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but
Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ （prove）irresistible to visitors
since it opened to the public.
11（2021年浙江卷） Mary's niece wrote, "The little home _________ （paint）white. It was
sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.
12（2021年浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the
house and ___________ （sell）most of their furniture.
13（2021年浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in
meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _______ (consider) healthy.
14（2021年浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI
increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ________ (be) 1. 3 in women
and 1. 6 in men.
15（2020新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an
ancient Chinese moon goddess— __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken
basin.
16（2020新课标I卷）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown
University, says, “because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about
how the moon __________ (construct)”.17（2020新课标II卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___________
(carry) special significance.
18（2020新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would___________(choose), but when he
presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
19（2020新课标III卷）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could
find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___________ (point) down the river.
20（2020山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ______ (form)
the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
21（2020山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public ______ (call) galleries or rooms.
22（2020山东卷）Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ______ (be) on display.
Most of it is stored away or used for research.
23（2020浙江卷）And，as more children were born，more food ______(need).
24（2020浙江卷）By about 6000 BC，people ______ (discover)the best crops to grow and
animals to raise.
25（2020浙江卷）This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with the rise of
science，changes began. New methods __________ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
26（2020浙江卷1月）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging.
The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950______(be)30—today it is 41 and is expected
to increase to 42 by 2050.
27（2020浙江卷1月）However, greater attention should______(place)on longevity(长寿).
（限时30分钟）1.(2022·广东省深圳市七校联合体高三第一次联考)Although the species is still endangered, the
conservation efforts________ (think)to be working.
2.(2021·广东省广州市高三阶段训练)One particular invention from this period made a mark on
the world; moveable type(活字印刷术)-that is, individual blocks that could print a single letter
and then________ (use) again.
3.(2021·辽宁省高三新联合调研)He was a person who________ (consider) as a bum(流浪汉)。
4.(2021·河南省南阳市第一中学高三第二次月考)Large quantities of money________ (send) to
the earthquake victims to date.
5.(2021·湖北省黄冈市部分普通高中高三联考)More than 42,000 medical workers from across
the country________ (send) to Hubei to fight the disease.
6.(2022·广东省深圳市七校联合体高三第一次联考)In 2012,Earth-watch Institute, a global
nonprofit which teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important environmental research,
________ (launch)program based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve.
7.(2021·湖北省六校高三联考)Microfibers(微纤维)of jeans________ (discover) in water samples
in the past 6 months.
8.(2022·广东广州高三月考)He________ (educate) in law at University College London.
9.(2022·浙江名校协作体高三联考)As the major habitat of wild Asian elephants, Xishuangbanna
Dai autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province________ (see) a significant growth in its
population of elephants and other wild animals in recent decades.
10.(2022·湖北荆门高三摸底考试)Lady Meng Jiang's husband________ (force) to build the
Great Wall just three days after they got married.
11.(2022·广东深圳高三第一次教学质量检测)As the first champion of the 2020 Games, Yang
Qian________ (award) her medal by International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Thomas
Bach.12.(2022·江苏南京高三学情调研)But the reason why the video, which runs for around two
minutes and is titled Rhapsody on the Luo Riter Goddess, created such an impression and has
generated such a wave of publicity, is that it________ (shoot) underwater.
13.(2022·山东省师范大学附属中学高三摸底开学测试)The rise in temperature________ (lead)
to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious
damage, but also costing human lives.
14.(2022·重庆市南开中学高三第一次教学质量检测)A new study investigating the
phenomenon________ (indicate) that earworms invading our brains at night can cause problems
getting to sleep and staying asleep.
15.(2022·重庆外国语学校高三摸底学测试)In modem times, the old Silk Road routes are still
used, but now they________ (cross)by trains instead of camels and horses.
16.(2022·江苏南京高三摸底检测)Three tourists who________ (find)scrawling(乱涂)on the wall
of Badaling section of the Great Wall were detained(拘留)and fined last Sunday, the police
announced.
17.(2021·全国甲卷)It________ (build) originally to protect the city of the Tang dynasty and has
now been completely restored(修复)。
18.(2021·全国甲卷)We________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My
bike was old and shaky but did the job.
19.(2021·浙江高考)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but
Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it
opened to the public.
20.(2021·浙江高考)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861,they rented the house
and________ (sell) most of their furniture.21. (2022·福建省厦门第一中学高三月考)In France, the number of students learning Chinese in
the same age group________ (increase)by 400% between 2007 and 2017.
22.(2022·河南省重点高中高三阶段性调研联考)According to Qu Qi, a person in charge of a
restaurant in Xuhui district, a sign________ (put) up on the tables to inform people of the
importance of using serving utensils, since the start of business on February .
23.(2021·浙江诸暨市高三模拟)The popularity of plastic, which________ (begin) rising in the
1950s, is growing out of control-18.2 trillion pounds of plastic has been produced.
24.(2021·四川成都高三三诊)My friend Tony, who________ (study) acupuncture at a college
near London at the time, suggested that I visit an acupuncturist.
25.(2022·河南省郑州市第一O六高级中学月考)In the past few decades, eBooks________
(develop) dramatically.
26.(2021·湖南省五市十校高三第二次大联考)Their creativity, patience, and respect for
life________ (stimulate) as they learn to take care of animals on their own.
27.(2022·广州外国语学校、广州大学附中、广州铁一中高三第一次联考)Surfing________
(change) her “inside and out”。
28.(2022·福建省泉州科技中学高三期中考试)China launched a large robotic spacecraft early
Tuesday morning at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in South China's Hainan Province,
tasking it with landing on the moon and bringing back lunar samples, 44 years after such
extraterrestrial substances(外星物质) ________ (bring) back to Earth the last time.
29.(2022·重庆市巴蜀中学高三月考)By the end of last year,920 online parenting education
schools for primary and secondary schools________ (establish) across Zhejiang, accounting for
15 percent of the province's primary and secondary schools.（限时30分钟）
1．（2021·浙江·诸暨中学高一期中）The Chinese government ________ (lead) the Chinese to
the successful control of COVID-19 since it broke out, which makes China lead the world in
economic recovery. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．（2021·浙江·嘉兴市第五高级中学高一期中）She told me she ________ (prefer) to stay at
home rather than go out when studying abroad. （所给词的适当形式填空）
3．（2021·内蒙古·巴彦淖尔市临河区第三中学高一期中）He________(have) gone there on
purpose for many times. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．（2021·河北·石家庄实验中学高一月考）His spelling ________(improve) a lot since he
took his teacher’s advice. (所给词的适当形式填空）
5．（2021·黑龙江·哈师大附中高二期中）He has not yet ________ (respond) to my email,
which made me very upset. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．（2021·黑龙江·哈师大附中高二期中）The manuscript of the linguist should ________
(guarantee) to be safely transported to another library.(所给词的适当形式填空)
7．（2021·四川·攀枝花市成都外国语学校高一期中）He ________ (admit) breaking the
window. （所给词的适当形式填空）
8．（2021·广东·茂名市第五中学高一期中）Yesterday everyone __________ (impress) by his
moving speech in the lecture hall. （所给词的适当形式填空）
9．（2021·广东·深圳中学高二期中）The officer ________ (spot) the thief wandering the
streets searching for a victim moments earlier, police said on Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空)10．（2021·浙江·温州市洞头区第一中学高一期中）The teacher ________(impress) by his
behavior in the lab yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．（2021·吉林·长春北师大附属学校高三期中）Email, as well as telephones _________
（play）an important part in daily communication. （所给词的适当形式填空）
12．（2021·陕西·西安一中高一月考）It is the first time that I________(see) such a big
watermelon. （所给词的适当形式填空）
13．（2021·上海市风华中学高一期中）The photographer likes to take pictures of people
without letting them know they ________(photograph). (所给词的适当形式填空）
14．（2021·四川·成都外国语学校高一期中）The old couple moved back to the countryside in
2018 and ________ (lead) a happy and peaceful life ever since. （所给词的适当形式填空）
15．（2021·黑龙江·鹤岗一中高二期中）Only if a teacher has given permission _________a
student allowed to enter the room. (用适当的词填空)
（2021·内蒙古·巴彦淖尔市临河区第三中学高一期中）下列每句有1处错误，错误涉及一
个单词的添加、删除或修改。
16．The sports meeting had to be put off because it rain heavily.
（2021·吉林江城中学高二月考）每句中只有一处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除
或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
17．We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watch their body language.
18．Climbing hills in Beishan are his favourite way to keep fit.
（2020·甘肃·永昌县第一高级中学高一期中）每个句子中有一处语言错误，每处错误仅涉
及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
19．The number of cars in this city are keeping rising these days.
20．WangPeng came into the classroom, sat down in his seat and begin to read a book.
