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热点练 07 阅读理解话题生态保护
“生态环保”是普通高中英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话
题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。
这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高
考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、
树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。
策略一：抓住文体特征：主题句：背景引入后\首句
四个部分：标题（简明揭示中心）、背景（引入）、主题（明确提出主题+详细说明）--通
过实验、研究、举例、对比等方式进行以及结尾--简要概括中心
策略二：抓关键句--首末句 +作者态度句；
策 略 三 ： 抓 出 题 处 ： ⑴ 在 列 举 处 命 题 。 ⑵ 在 例 证 处 命 题 （ 3 ） 转 折
but,yet,however,nevertheless,rather,though,although,while,in fact,as a matter of fact,on the other
hand,by contrast）;。
⑷在比较处命题，无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考
生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。
⑸在复杂句中命题，包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生
对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。
（6）带总结归纳（thus,so,therefor,accordingly,consequently,as a result,in a word,in summary,in
brief）;
（7）表达观点，总括的动词(believe,think,assume,suggest,show,conclude,find that,draw the
conclusion that,discover that);
（8）问句--设问句\反问句（问句中的内容和答案---即文章作者要介绍的主题或观点）
策略四： 判断推理题
1. 不能夸大事实，过度推断。
2. 不能主观臆断，无中生有。
3. 文中细节，事实不是推断环境保护
动物保护
真题链接
Passage 1
（2021 全国乙卷 C 篇）You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and
12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really
make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive
sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use
plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-
foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several
volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping
center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source
(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need
them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every
straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a
few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60
seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of
Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which
were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic
footprint.
1．What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?A．Beautifying the city he lives in. B．Introducing eco-friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A．Calming. B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家 Benjamin Von Wong使用海洋中的塑
料垃圾制作了一个巨型雕塑，极其震撼，引发人们对塑料污染的反思。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的
雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作
雕塑，是想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选
C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by
no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire
because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight,
they cannot be recycled. (全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染
源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、
重量轻，无法回收利用)”可知，塑料吸管体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。由此推知，作
者在第三段讨论塑料吸管是为了展示它们回收的难度。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说
明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this
work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than
10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒)
from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，Von Wong想要说明一个具体的统计数字：
每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒
下来的)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾
入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知。由此推知，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进
入海洋造成污染这件事感到不安。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference?
Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of
plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但
一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家 Benjamin Von Wong想让你知道，
它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的
关系)”及下文陈述可知，艺术家Benjamin Von Wong通过使用海洋塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑
的方法，引发人们对塑料污染的反思。由此可知，“海洋塑料变成雕塑”可以作文章标题
故选D项。
Passage 2
（2020 全国 II 卷 C 篇）In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The
bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected
perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge.
By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was
flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it
was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands
of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at
once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry
Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space
shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought
them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to
consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good
design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works
so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until,
suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a
moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers
can be helped to grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings
improvement.
5．What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?
A．It carried more weight than it could.
B．It swayed violently in a strong windC．Its roadway was damaged by vehicles
D．Its access was blocked by many people.
6．Which of the following is Dr. Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?
A．No design is well received everywhere
B．Construction is more important than design.
C．Not all disasters are caused by engineering design
D．Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
7．What does the last paragraph suggest?
A．Failure can lead to progress. B．Success results in overconfidence
C．Failure should be avoided. D．Success comes from joint efforts.
8．What is the text?
A．A news report B．A short story.
C．A book review D．A research article.
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．A 8．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的
评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday
party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers
expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to
the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the
roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to
carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生
日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有 5万人到场。相
反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可
怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此
可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail
because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book
Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur.
Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials
incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again,
with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.”可知，
虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这
本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于
一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得
如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的
是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才
能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：
Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to
its breakdowns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对
工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，
再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some
new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the
ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故
事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们
的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进
步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。
Passage 3
（2020新高考II卷D篇）According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,
both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And
contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order
large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two
experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to
ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each
woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food
first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially
designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants
followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly
more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.
In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants
followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making
decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's
having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large
portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a
lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
9．What is the recent study mainly about?
A．Food safety. B．Movie viewership.C．Consumer demand. D．Eating behavior.
10．What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persons.
C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons.
11．Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A．To see how she would affect the participants.
B．To test if the participants could recognize her.
C．To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D．To study why she could keep her weight down.
12．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A．How hungry we are. B．How slim we want to be.
C．How we perceive others. D．How we feel about the food.
【答案】9．D 10．D 11．A 12．C
【分析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我
们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer
Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food
intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都
会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
10．词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该
避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是 the
beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）
相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the
researchers conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究
人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃
了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们
服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll
hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll
follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一
份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟
着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法
（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
Passage 4（2020浙江1月卷B篇）Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads
ice-free — by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses, like
mozzarella.
Wisconsin, also called “America’s Dairyland,” is famous for its cheese. The state produced
2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine.
Disposing of (处置) the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste?
Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water’s freezing point,
causing ice to melt (融化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities
save money, while keeping roads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps
lower water’s freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many
people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the same compound (化合物) in ordinary table salt.
Sounds harmless, right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food,
road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U.S. roads every year!
The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water,
harm plants, and eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock
salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese brine has a downside too — a smell similar to that of bad milk. “I don’t really mind
it,” Emil Norby told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin’s county highway
commissions and came up with the idea of using cheese brine. “Our roads smell like Wisconsin!”
he said.
24. Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free?
A. It is soft. B. It contains salt.
C. It is warm. D. It has milk in it.
25. What is a benefit of using cheese brine on roads?
A. Improving air quality. B. Increasing sales of rock salt.
C. Reducing water pollution. D. Saving the cheese industry.
26. Milwaukee’s new way to de-ice streets may be an example of ______.
A. barking up the wrong tree B. putting the cart before the horse
C. robbing Peter to pay Paul D. killing two birds with one stone
【答案】24.B 25.C 26.D
【词汇】
1. option 2. suspect 3. downside
4. commission 5. contain 6. increase
7.reduce
1. option n. 选择权；可选物v. 得到或获准进行选择
2. suspect v. 怀疑；猜想n. 嫌疑犯adj. 可疑的；不可信的
3. downside n. 下降趋势（价格方面）；消极面；负面
4. commission n. 佣金；委员会；委托；委任；犯罪vt. 授予；使服役；委托
5. contain vt. 容纳；包含；抑制；克制vi. 自制
6. increase v. 增加；提高n. 增加；增强；提高
7.reduce v. 减少；缩小；使落魄；简化；还原
【长难句】
1. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point.
【句子分析】主干部分： Cheese brine has salt in it
定语从句：which, like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point.修饰salt插入语：like the rock salt
【翻译】奶酪卤水里有盐，就像岩盐一样，有助于降低水的冰点。
2. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
【句子分析】主干部分：Many people suspect
宾语从句：that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
【翻译】许多人怀疑每年冬天使用的岩盐都在危害环境。
3. But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about
20 million tons of salt on U.S. roads every year!
【句子分析】主干部分：road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U.S. roads every
year!
让步状语从句：while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food,
【翻译】但是，虽然你可能只在食物中添加少量的盐，但是道路工人每年在美国的道路上
撒了大约2000万吨盐！
4. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able
to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.
【句子分析】主干部分：Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.
介词短语作状语：By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt
【翻译】密尔沃基通过在街道上撒上奶酪卤水，再加上一层岩盐，也许可以减少30%的岩
盐使用量。
Passage 5
（2020 北京 B 篇）Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to
join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.
Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the
ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which
has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung
problems.
Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the
air. However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）,
she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the
Environment A gency.The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad
Matt. The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the
ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since
reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at
higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps
his head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids
from getting asthma."
“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He
became very interested in gadgets（小装置）. About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech
which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said,
why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."
Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she
is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her."
13．With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can ____________.
A．take pollutant readings B．record pollutant levels
C．process collected data D．reduce air pollution
14．What can we learn from the Baggy data?
A．High places are free of air pollution.
B．Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.
C．Conventional monitors are more reliable.
D．Air is more polluted closer to the ground.
15．What is Tom's purpose of doing the research?
A．To warn of a health risk. B．To find out pollution sources.
C．To test his new monitor. D．To prove Baggy's abilities.
16．According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?
A．Modest. B．Generous. C．Creative. D．Outgoing.
【答案】13．B 14．D 15．A 16．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩子Tom Hunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的
宠物狗的脖子上戴污染监测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平；监测仪显示，接近地面的空
气污染水平更高，这有助于强调婴儿和幼儿可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧。
13．细节理解题。本题题干意为：她的衣领上戴着监视器，Baggy 可以…。根据文章第二
段Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the
ground. Baggy在她的衣领上戴着污染监测器，这样她就可以在接近地面的地方进行数据测
量。可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水平。故答案为B项。14．推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们从Baggy收集到的数据中可以了解到什么？根据文
章第二段 Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which
has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung
problems.她的监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童罹患
肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。可知接近地面的空气污染水平更高。故答案为D项。
15．推理判断题。本题题干意为：进行这项研究Tom的意图是？根据文章第四段Tom has
since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasize that babies are
at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.汤姆已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府,试图强调,
婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。可知Tom研究的目的是对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。
16．推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据文章，哪个词最能描述汤姆·亨特?根据文章倒数第
二段“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He
became very interested in gadgets（小装置）.About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech
which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said,
why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."汤姆在很
小的时候就对环境保护产生了热情，马特补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品(小装置)。大约一
年前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他说
为什么我们不把它戴在Baggy的衣领上，让她监测污染?于是我们就这么做了。可知Tom
是非常的有创造力的。故答案为C项。
Passage 6
（2021新高考I卷C篇）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,
the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken
care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers
who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of
waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious
sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly
concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the
wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over
must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was
designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time
was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird
Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National
Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all
generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund topurchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has
been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
29．What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports.
C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals.
30．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
31．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A．The stamp price has gone down. B．The migratory birds have flown away.
C．The hunters have stopped hunting. D．The government has collected money.
32．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】29．A 30．C 31．D 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于栖息地减少，美国水禽骤减，因此联邦发行
鸭票，狩猎者只有购买鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入用于购买水禽栖息地的基金
从而保护水禽。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market
hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to
feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.(数百万只水
禽被市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员杀死。数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活和安置不
断增加的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地)”可知，数百万英亩的湿地被抽干用作农地或者
修建住房，导致水禽的栖息地减少，水禽数量下降。故选A。
30．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural
resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few
decades to decimate a large part of these resources.(美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然
资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年的探险家和定居者就decimate这些资源的大部分)”可知，前
后句形成转折，前一句陈述美洲原住民保护这些宝贵的自然资源，所以后句表示探险家和
定居者破坏了这些自然资源，推测划线单词表示“破坏”，与destroy同义。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into
that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.(自1934年以来，已有超过5亿美元
投入该基金，用于购买500多万英亩的栖息地)”可知，自1934年通过法案，政府获得超过
5亿美元，已经筹集了很多资金，以购买水禽栖息地。故选D。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over
must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. (根据该法案，所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭章)”以及第三段“Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.(难怪联
邦鸭票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一)”可知，本文主要讲述了联邦鸭票的故
事，所以“联邦鸭票的故事”可以作为文章标题。故选A。
Passage7
（2021新高考 II卷B 篇）I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years.
Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran
cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers
arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I
wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They
weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but
when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief.
We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking
like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after
them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family
was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”,
washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump
fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them.
For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very
fondly on the time that we had them.
33．Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A．To ensure their survival. B．To observe their differences.
C．To teach them life skills. D．To let them play with his kids.
34．What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Behave badly. B．Lose their way. C．Sleep soundly. D．Miss their mom.
35．What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
A．Boring. B．Tiring. C．Costly. D．Risky.
36．Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A．They frightened the children. B．They became difficult to contain.
C．They annoyed the neighbours. D．They started fighting each other.
【答案】33．A 34．A 35．B 36．B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候
照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to
adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home. (在全球范围内，动物园里三
分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者
把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。
34．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely
around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large
room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，
但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd come
down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”
（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者
不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现
他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount
of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.
(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉
得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。故选B。
36．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were
learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.(当
Spot和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们
离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spot 和Stripe送回动物园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。
Passage 9
（2020全国III卷B篇）When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last
month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t
there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body
monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes
(猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create
digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s
performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this
case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals
lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed
entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of
films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the
anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has
activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there
are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as
closely as productions filmed in the States.
37．Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?
A．To see famous film stars.
B．To oppose wearing fur coats.
C．To raise money for animal protection.
D．To express thanks to some filmmakers.
38．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The cost of making “Apes.”
B．The creation of digitalized apes.
C．The publicity about “Apes.”
D．The performance of real apes.
39．What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Listing completely.
B．Directing professionally.
C．Promoting successfully.
D．Watching carefully.
40．What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A．They may be badly treated.
B．They should take further training.
C．They could be traded illegally
D．They would lose popularity.
【答案】37．D 38．B 39．D 40．A
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物
爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的
动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，
这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, one activist ,dressed in a full -body monkey suit ,had
arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes”可知，相反，一名身
穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真
正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
38．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕
捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology
that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a finalimage (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记
录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此
可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
39．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the
treatment or animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待
遇）以及下文Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part
Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them
haven’t been treated properly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起
了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一
家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着 2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的
意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on
set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are
raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which
sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让
活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关
于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监
控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是
训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
热点练
【山西省吕梁市2021届高三5月第三次模拟】
A report has warned of a “destructive” decline in freshwater fish, with nearly a third
threatened by extinction. Conservation groups said 80 species were known to have gone extinct,
16 in the last year alone.
The report said populations of migratory fish have fallen by three-quarters in the last 50
years. Over the same time period, populations of larger species, known as “megafish”, have
crashed by 94%, In UK waters, the sturgeon and the burbot have disappeared, salmon are
disappearing and the European eel remains extremely endangered.
According to the WWF, much of the decline is driven by the poor state of rivers, mostly as a
result of pollution. Besides, dams and waste water are also the factors. It has called on the
government to restore freshwater habitats to good health through proper carrying out of existing
laws, strengthening protections in the Environment Bill and championing a strong set of global
targets for the recovery of nature.
Dave Tickner, from WWE, said freshwater habitats are some of the most full of life on earth,
but as this report shows they are in “destructive” decline around the world. “If we are to take thisgovernment's environmental promises seriously, it must get its act together, clean up our rivers
and restore our freshwater habitats to good health,” said the organization's chief adviser on
freshwater.
Carmen Revenga of The Nature Conservancy said freshwater fish are a diverse and unique
group of species that are not only important for the healthy functioning of our rivers, lakes and
wetlands, but millions of people, particularly the poor, also depend on them for their food and
income.
“It's now more urgent than ever that we find the collective political will and effective
cooperation with private industries, governments, NGOs(Non-Governmental Organizations) and
communities, to carry out nature-based solutions that protect freshwater species, while also
ensuring human needs are met,” she said.
12．How is the second paragraph developed?
A．By examples. B．By argument. C．By explanations. D．By cause and effect.
13．What is the main reason for freshwater fish's decline?
A．Overfishing. B．River pollution. C．Global warming. D．Natural disasters.
14．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．The features of freshwater fish.
B．The significance of freshwater fish.
C．The situation of freshwater habitats.
D．The functions of conservation groups.
15．What is Carmen Revenga's attitude towards freshwater fish's state?
A．Indifferent. B．Ambiguous. C．Optimistic. D．Concerned.
【答案】12．A13．B14．B15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一份报告警告说，淡水鱼的数量正在“破坏性”下降，近三分
之一的淡水鱼面临灭绝的威胁。 保护组织表示，已知有80种物种已经灭绝，仅去年一年
就有16种。文章分析了淡水鱼数量下降的原因以及人们对此的看法和建议。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“The report said populations of migratory fish have fallen by
three-quarters in the last 50 years. Over the same time period, populations of larger species,
known as “megafish”, have crashed by 94%, In UK waters, the sturgeon and the burbot have
disappeared, salmon are disappearing and the European eel remains extremely endangered.(该报
告称，在过去50年里，洄游鱼类的数量减少了四分之三。在同一时期，被称为“巨鱼”的
大型物种的数量减少了94%。在英国水域，鲟鱼和波贝鱼消失了，鲑鱼正在消失，欧洲鳗
鱼仍然极度濒危)”可知，第二段是通过举例子展开的。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to the WWF, much of the decline is driven by the
poor state of rivers, mostly as a result of pollution.(根据世界自然基金会的说法，减少的主要原
因是污染导致的河流状况不佳)”可知，淡水鱼数量下降的主要原因是河流污染。故选B。14．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Carmen Revenga of The Nature Conservancy said freshwater
fish are a diverse and unique group of species that are not only important for the healthy
functioning of our rivers, lakes and wetlands, but millions of people, particularly the poor, also
depend on them for their food and income.(大自然保护协会的Carmen Revenga说，淡水鱼是
一个多样性和独特的物种群，它们不仅对河流、湖泊和湿地的健康运行非常重要，而且对
数百万人，特别是穷人，也依赖它们提供食物和收入)”可知，第五段主要说明了淡水鱼的
重要性。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段““It's now more urgent than ever that we find the collective
political will and effective cooperation with private industries, governments, NGOs(Non-
Governmental Organizations) and communities, to carry out nature-based solutions that protect
freshwater species, while also ensuring human needs are met,” she said.(她说：“现在比以往任
何时候都更加紧迫的是，我们需要找到集体的政治意愿，并与私营企业、政府、非政府组
织和社区进行有效的合作，以实施基于自然的解决方案，保护淡水物种，同时确保满足人
类的需求。”)”可知，Carmen Revenga关心淡水鱼的状况。故选D。
【福建省厦门市2021届高三毕业班第三次质量检测】
It’s mid-February and along Britain’s south coast gilt-head bream (鲷鱼) are swimming from
the open sea into the river mouths. And this summer, countryside visitors throughout southern
England will catch sight of blue flashes as small red-eyed damselflies fly across starry ponds. Both
events are happening much further north than they would have 20 years ago.
Fingers point at climate change. As areas become too hot or dry, many wildlife populations
are declining, while some species are showing up in places that were historically too cold or wet.
Our team, led by Alba Estrada, wanted to explain this phenomenon. If we could predict
which species can and can’t colonise (移居于) new locations, we could decide which are most in
need of conservation.
How far individual animals or plant seeds can move was long thought to be the most
important factor. But according to our findings, other characteristics also turned out to be highly
important. For example, how quickly plants and animals can produce, how well they can compete
with other species for resources, and what kinds of food they can eat or habitat they can live in.
The result of this is that we might be able to predict which animals will survive under climate
change. The wood mouse is found throughout continental Europe. As climate changes, we think
the mouse will move north because it can breed quickly, live in lots of habitats, has a broad diet,
and individuals can travel a long way. On the other hand, consider the European ground squirrel.
We think it might stay just in southeast Europe because it can only live in grasslands — and
climate change won’t suddenly turn farms and forests into meadows (草坪).
It’s encouraging to know that some species are doing well under climate change. There are
some headaches, however. Those gilt-head bream are feeding on the local shellfish, which might
be taking food away from the native fish. Small red-eyed damselflies look great, but they couldbecome all too common around British ponds and outcompete native species. Climate change is
once again posing us some tricky conservation questions.
12．We can learn from paragraphs 1 &2 that ______ .
A．people hold events to observe different species
B．visitors have damaged the homes of many species
C．species preferred extremely cold and wet environment
D．climate change makes some species move to new areas
13．What’s paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．What factors can influence colonisation.
B．How far individual animals can travel.
C．Why some species are declining.
D．Where most species tend to live.
14．Which might stand the least chance of colonisation?
A．Gilt-head bream. B．Red-eyed damselflies.
C．Wood mice. D．Ground squirrels.
15．What’s the team’s attitude towards the colonisation?
A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Optimistic.
【答案】12．D13．A14．D15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。气候变化使一些物种迁移到新的地区，作者的研究团队试图解
释这个现象，并对这个现象带来的利弊进行了分析。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二句“It’s mid-February and along Britain’s south
coast gilt-head bream (鲷鱼) are swimming from the open sea into the river mouths. And this
summer, countryside visitors throughout southern England will catch sight of blue flashes as small
red-eyed damselflies fly across starry ponds. (现在是二月中旬，沿着英国南部海岸，金头鲷正
从公海游向河口。今年夏天，英格兰南部的乡村游客将看到红色眼睛的小豆娘飞过繁星繁
茂的池塘时的蓝色闪光)”和第二段第一句第二句“Fingers point at climate change. As areas
become too hot or dry, many wildlife populations are declining, while some species are showing
up in places that were historically too cold or wet. (手指指向气候变化。随着地区变得太热或
太干，许多野生动物的数量正在下降，而一些物种出现在历史上太冷或太湿的地方)”可知，
气候变化使一些物种迁移到新的地区。故选D。
13．主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句和第二句“How far individual animals or plant seeds can
move was long thought to be the most important factor. But according to our findings, other
characteristics also turned out to be highly important. (长期以来，动物或植物种子能移动多远
被认为是最重要的因素。但根据我们的发现，其他特征也非常重要)”和第三段第二句“If
we could predict which species can and can’t colonise (移居于) new locations, we could decide
which are most in need of conservation. (如果我们能预测哪些物种能和不能在新的地点定居，我们就可以决定哪些物种最需要保护)”可知，第四段主要是讲什么因素可以影响物种的移
居。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据倒第二段最后两句“On the other hand, consider the European ground
squirrel. We think it might stay just in southeast Europe because it can only live in grasslands —
and climate change won’t suddenly turn farms and forests into meadows (草坪). (另一方面，以
欧洲地松鼠为例。我们认为它可能会留在东南欧，因为它只能生活在草原上，气候变化不
会突然把农场和森林变成草地)”可知，欧洲地松鼠可能会留在东南欧，无法移居。而根据
第一段第一句和第二句“It’s mid-February and along Britain’s south coast gilt-head bream (鲷
鱼) are swimming from the open sea into the river mouths. And this summer, countryside visitors
throughout southern England will catch sight of blue flashes as small red-eyed damselflies fly
across starry ponds.(现在是二月中旬，沿着英国南部海岸，金头鲷正从公海游向河口。今年
夏天，英格兰南部的乡村游客将看到红色眼睛的小豆娘飞过繁星繁茂的池塘时的蓝色闪
光)”和第五段第二句第三句“The wood mouse is found throughout continental Europe. As
climate changes, we think the mouse will move north because it can breed quickly, live in lots of
habitats, has a broad diet, and individuals can travel a long way. (木老鼠遍布欧洲大陆。随着气
候变化，我们认为老鼠会向北迁移，因为它繁殖迅速，生活在许多栖息地，饮食广泛，个
体可以长途旅行)”可知，金头鲷、红色眼睛的小豆娘和木老鼠都可以移居，所以欧洲地松
鼠最不可能移居。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句“It’s encouraging to know that some species
are doing well under climate change. There are some headaches, however. (令人鼓舞的是，一些
物种在气候变化下表现良好。不过，也有一些令人头痛的问题)”可知，团队对动物移居的
态度是客观的。故选C。
【河北省衡水中学2021届高三下学期5月份第三次调研】
To deal with the lack of light so far beneath the surface of the ocean, many deep-sea creatures
employ a form of bioluminescence, a chemical reaction in their bodies that produces light but not
heat. Biologists believe bioluminescence serves several functions. First, for some fish, it acts like a
flashlight by enabling them to see as they swim while in others, it helps them attract mates. And
some creatures use their light to draw in other sea life, which is then attacked and consumed.
However, bioluminescence is a poor substitute for sunlight, so many deep-sea creatures have
developed extra sensors to assist them. For example, some have evolved stronger senses of smell
to detect the chemical scents sent out by members of the same species, which enable them to find
mates.
While going down deeper, the water places intense pressures on everything. To avoid being
crushed, many creatures have evolved by becoming smaller as opposed to the more inflexible
body structures of animals living near the surface. And some creatures have specialized molecular
structures that help them better withstand the pressure. The molecules they are made up of, are
common in all fish and are responsible for the distinct smell most fish have, but fish living at great
depths have more of them and therefore have an even more intense smell.The temperature of the water here stays between -1℃ and 4℃, which is cold enough to
freeze most life. Some animals move at slow speeds to conserve energy. Some spots on the ocean
floor release energy from the Earth’s interior. Around these hot spots, many life forms reside, and
they have established their own unique ecosystems.
Another problem is food. There is a distinct lack of sea life for predators to catch so that
many others depend on marine snow, the remains of dead fish falling from levels above the
deepest parts of the ocean. Deep-sea creatures frequently have slower metabolisms that enable
them to survive for long periods of time on small amounts of food. Since many creatures living
deep in the ocean have multiple adaptations, they not only survive but also thrive.
12．What is bioluminescence used for?
A．Producing heat. B．Searching for food.
C．Attacking predators. D．Detecting special smells.
13．How do deep-sea creatures differ from those living near the surface of the ocean?
A．They are much bigger B．They have a stronger smell.
C．They can move more swiftly. D．They are made up of fewer molecules.
14．Why does the author mention the Earth’s interior in paragraph 3?
A．To describe freezing temperatures
B．To explore the use of heat energy.
C．To stress intense water pressures.
D．To explain the special ecosystems.
15．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．How marine snow is created. B．How deep-sea creatures survive.
C．What most sea life looks like. D．Why some fish have slower metabolisms
【答案】12．B13．B14．D15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了深海生物身体结构特点、生存方式和所面临的
问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And some creatures use their light to draw in other sea life,
which is then attacked and consumed.(有些生物利用它们的光来吸引其他海洋生物，然后这些
生物被攻击和吃掉)”可知，生物发光的用途是寻找食物。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The molecules they are made up of, are common in all fish
and are responsible for the distinct smell most fish have, but fish living at great depths have more
of them and therefore have an even more intense smell.(组成海水分子的分子在所有鱼类中都很
常见，也是造成大多数鱼类特有的气味的分子。但是生活在深海的鱼类分子更多，因此气
味更加浓烈)”可知，深海生物与那些生活在海洋表面附近的生物的不同之处在于它们有一
种更强烈的气味。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“The temperature of the water here stays between -1℃ and 4℃,
which is cold enough to freeze most life. Some animals move at slow speeds to conserve energy.Some spots on the ocean floor release energy from the Earth’s interior. Around these hot spots,
many life forms reside, and they have established their own unique ecosystems.(这里的水温保持
在-1℃到4℃之间，这一温度足以冻结大多数生命。有些动物以慢速移动以保存能量。海底
的一些地方从地球内部释放能量。在这些热点周围居住着许多生命形式，它们已经建立了
自己独特的生态系统)”可推知，作者在第三段提到了地球的内部是为了解释特殊生态系统。
故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“To deal with the lack of light so far beneath the surface of
the ocean, many deep-sea creatures employ a form of bioluminescence, a chemical reaction in
their bodies that produces light but not heat. (为了应对深海深处的光缺乏，许多深海生物采用
了一种生物发光的形式，这是一种体内产生光而不是热的化学反应)”以及最后一段中
“Since many creatures living deep in the ocean have multiple adaptations, they not only survive
but also thrive.(由于许多生活在海洋深处的生物有多种适应能力，它们不仅生存下来，而且
繁衍生息)”结合文章主要介绍了深海生物身体结构特点、生存方式和所面临的问题。可知，
文章主要讲了深海生物如何生存。故选B。
【山东2021届高考考前押题卷（一）】
Distantly related to the larger, better-known black-and-white giant panda, the red panda is a
mere creature found in the mountains of Nepal, Myanmar, and central China.
The red panda is dwarfed by the black-and-white giant that shares its name. These pandas
typically grow to the size of a house cat, though their big, bushy tails add an additional 46
centimeters. They use their ringed tails as wraparound blankets in the cold mountain heights.
The red panda shares the giant panda’s rainy, high-altitude forest habitat, but has a wider
range. Red pandas live in the mountains of Nepal and northem Myanmar, as well as in central
China.
These animals spend most of their lives in trees and even sleep aloft. When hunting, they are
most active at night as well as in the hours ofdusk and dawn.
Red pandas have a taste for bamboo but, unlike their larger relatives, they eat many other
foods as well — fruit, acorns, roots, and eggs. Like giant pandas, they have an extended wrist
bone that functions almost like a thumb (拇指) and greatly aids their grasp.
They are shy and alone except when mating. Females give birth in the spring and summer,
typically to one to four young. Young red pandas remain in their nests for about 90 days, during
which time their mother cares for them. Males take little or no interest in their young babies.
The red panda has given scientists taxonomic (分类的) fits. It has been classified as a relative
of the giant panda, and also of the raccoon, with which it shares a ringed tail. Currently, red
pandas are considered members of their own unique family — the Ailuridae.
Red pandas are endangered, victims of deforestation. Their natural space is shrinking as more
and more forests are destroyed by logging and the spread of agriculture.
4．Which of the following best describes the red panda?
A．Big and bushy. B．Particular about food.C．Active in the day. D．Hard to fit into a category.
5．How can we easily tell a red panda from a giant panda?
A．By their size. B．By their habitat.
C．By the way they hunt. D．By their wrist bone.
6．What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A．The raccoon. B．The red panda.
C．The giant panda. D．The taxonomic fit.
7．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To compare a variety of pandas.
B．To explain the classification of pandas.
C．To raise awareness of protecting wildlife.
D．To make an introduction to a unique animal.
【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小熊猫的居住地以及其习性。
4．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“It has been classified as a relative of the giant panda,
and also of the raccoon, with which it shares a ringed tail. Currently, red pandas are considered
members of their own unique family — the Ailuridae. (它被归类为大熊猫的近亲，也被归类为
浣熊的近亲，浣熊与小熊猫有环状的尾巴。目前，小熊猫被认为是自己独特家族的一员
——熊猫科)”可推知，小熊猫很难被归类。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。通过文章第三段“The red panda shares the giant panda’s rainy, high-altitude
forest habitat, but has a wider range. Red pandas live in the mountains of Nepal and northem
Myanmar, as well as in central China. (小熊猫和大熊猫一样都生活在多雨的、高海拔的森林
栖息地，但范围更广。小熊猫生活在尼泊尔、缅甸北部以及中国中部的山区。)”可推知，
根据小熊猫和大熊猫的栖息地不同，可以轻易区分小熊猫和大熊猫。故选A项。
6．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The red panda has given scientists taxonomic fits. (小熊猫
给科学家提供了分类学上的依据)”和“It has been classified as a relative of the giant panda, and
also of the raccoon (它被归类为大熊猫的近亲，也被归类为浣熊的近亲)”以及下文“shares a
ringed tail (都有一条环状的尾巴)”可推知，此处意为小熊猫与浣熊相似，都有环状的尾巴，
所以文章第七段中带下划线的“it”指的是小熊猫。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文并且根据文章首段“Distantly related to the larger, better-known
black-and-white giant panda, the red panda is a mere creature found in the mountains of Nepal,
Myanmar, and central China. (小熊猫与更大、更知名的黑白相间的大熊猫有着远亲关系，它
只是在尼泊尔、缅甸和中国中部山区发现的一种动物)”可推知，本文的目的是向读者介绍
介绍一种独特的动物——小熊猫。故选D项。
【江苏省泰州市泰州中学2021届高考四模】
The European Union (EU) has announced a broad new transport plan which aims to cut back
on carbon emissions over the next three decades. The European Commission presented its“Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy" on Wednesday. According to the Commission, its
strategy focuses on making Europe’s transport system “sustainable, smart and resilient".
By 2030, aims for the strategy include: at least 30 million zero-emission cars on the road,
“market-ready" zero-emission marine vessels, and the large-scale application of automated
mobility. Other targets for the next decade include the development of more cycling infrastructure.
And by 2035, it wants “zero-emission large aircraft" to be market-ready. Further ahead, the
Commission says “nearly all cars, vans, buses as well as new heavy-duty vehicles will be zero-
emission” by the middle of this century.
“By carrying out this strategy, we’ll create a more efficient and resilient transport system,
which is on a firm pathway to slash emissions in line with our European Green Deal goals,”
said Adina Valean, the commissioner for transport. The European Green Deal refers to the
European Commission’s plan for the European Union to be climate neutral by 2050.
While authorities in Europe were eager to play up the strategy and emphasize the potential
effects of its goals, some environmental organizations offered a different viewpoint. In a statement
reacting to the plans, the European Unit of Greenpeace said the Commission’s proposal didn’t
“suggest setting a reduction target for air travel, nor the number of privately owned cars".
"While it does suggest that ‘collective travel’ (e.g. via air, rail and bus) under 500 km in the
EU be carbon neutral by 2030, it nevertheless falls short of binding measures, such as a ban on
short-distance flights where there’s a greener alternative like rail,” the group added. "It also fails
to set an end date for the sale of new cars with internal combustion engines."
Elsewhere, the European Cyclists' Federation, Cycling Industries Europe and Confederation
of the European Bicycle Industry gave what they described as a “careful welcome” to the
strategy’s "positive statements about cycling". They stated that “a lot more work" was required to
“identify how more ambitious change can be built into the Commission’s action plans”. The
associations then went on to express their regret that the strategy had “not yet set specific
milestones for cycling as a transport mode in the transport system of the future”.
8．What does the new transport plan mainly focus on?
A．Various means of transportation.
B．People’s traffic safety awareness.
C．Chief functions of future vehicles.
D．Environmental benefits of transport.
9．What does the underlined word “slash" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．remove B．affect C．reduce D．limit
10．What can we know about the Commission’s proposal?
A．It fails to satisfy the real needs of the public.
B．It meets opposition from some organizations.
C．It increases the government’s financial burden.D．It sets many economic targets that are unrealistic.
11．What is the associations’ attitude towards the new strategy?
A．Casual. B．Cautious. C．Positive. D．Friendly.
【答案】8．D9．C10．B11．B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。欧盟宣布了一项广泛的新交通计划，旨在未来 30年减少碳排
放。文章对此进行了报道。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The European Union (EU) has announced a broad new
transport plan which aims to cut back on carbon emissions over the next three decades.”(欧盟宣
布了一项广泛的新交通计划，旨在未来30年减少碳排放。)可知，新的运输计划主要着眼
于运输的环境效益。故选D。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“By 2030, aims for the strategy include: at least 30 million
zero-emission cars on the road, “market-ready" zero-emission marine vessels, and the large-scale
application of automated mobility.”(到2030年，该战略的目标包括：至少3000万辆零排放汽
车上路，零排放船舶“市场化”，以及大规模应用自动化机动。)可知，该战略的目标包括
实现零排放，再根据第三段第一句中的“By carrying out this strategy, we’ll create a more
efficient and resilient transport system”(通过实施这一战略，我们将创建一个更高效、更有弹
性的运输系统)可知，这个运输系统是为了减少排放。所以slash意为“减少”。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“While authorities in Europe were eager to play up the
strategy and emphasize the potential effects of its goals, some environmental organizations offered
a different viewpoint.”(虽然欧洲当局迫切要强调这一战略，强调其目标的潜在影响，但一些
环保组织提出了不同的观点。)可知，委员会的建议遭到一些组织的反对。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Elsewhere, the European Cyclists' Federation,
Cycling Industries Europe and Confederation of the European Bicycle Industry gave what they
described as a “careful welcome” to the strategy’s “positive statements about cycling”.”(在其他地
方，欧洲自行车联合会、欧洲自行车工业联合会和欧洲自行车工业联合会对该战略的“关
于自行车的积极声明”表示了“谨慎的欢迎”。)和第二句“They stated that “a lot more
work" was required to “identify how more ambitious change can be built into the Commission’s
action plans”.”(他们说，需要“做更多的工作”来“确定如何在委员会的行动计划中纳入更
有雄心的变化”。)可知，协会对新战略的态度是谨慎的。故选B。
