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重难点 05 定语从句
定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制
性定语从句中的运用。
主要考点有：
1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；
2.关系副词where引导的定语从句（近年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情
况）；
3.“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；
4.as引导的非限制性定语从句。
从定语从句的考点分析，我们可以得出定语从句的做题技巧。1.划出定语从句。简单来说，就是从空格开始，划出一个完整的句子。
2.找出从句的谓语动词，判断从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语等成分。如果从句缺少
成分，则根据先行词选择相应的关系代词（which， that， who和whom，非限制性定语
从句不能用that）;如果从句不缺少成分，则根据先行词选择相应的关系副词。
3.注意what和that的区别
what和that都可以在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，但是what用在名词性从句中，而
that用在定语从句中。例如：
What surprised us is that he did it alone.使我们吃惊的是他一个人做了那项工作。（what
在主语从句中作主语）
This is one of the buildings that were built last year. 这是去年建的楼房之一。（that在定
语从句中作主语，指物，不能省略。）
4.注意分隔式定語从句
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，但有时候也会被插入语、同位语、状语、谓语或
其他定语等成分分隔。如果是隔开了的定语从句，则要先根据句意找到先行词，然后再进
行句子结构分析。例如：
She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ______ allows them to
communicate freely with each other. 句意：“他有为学生营造一种良好的（课堂）氛围的天
赋，这种氛围能够令学生交流自如。”从句意可知，先行词是an atmosphere，而不是
students，所以此空应填which或that。
5.注意限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
关系代词that常用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句。有些考生看
到这是一个定语从句，指代物，又是作主语或宾语，就填that。如果这是一个非限制性定
语从句，填that就错了。例如：
Clock is a kind of instrument， which can tell people time.句意：“钟是一种能够告诉人
们时间的仪器。”这个句子是一个非限制性定语从句，只能用which引导，不能用that。
6.注意定语从句的主谓一致性
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例
如：
Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom是从美国回来的男孩们中的一个。
1. 指物时只用that或which的情况
2. 介词+关系代词
3. whose的用法及转换形式
4. as与which的区别5. 指人时that与who的区别
6. 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词
7. 定语从句的主谓一致问题
（限时30分钟）
1.关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose在定语从句中作主语、宾语和定语的用
法
【高考链接1】（全国卷Ⅰ·66）Two of the authors of the review also made a study
published in 2014______showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of
heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【高考链接2】（全国卷Ⅱ· 69）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between
2005-when the government started a soil-testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer
recommendations to farmers- and 2011， fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【高考链接3】（全国卷Ⅲ·64）But Sarah， ______ has taken part in shows along with
top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
【高考链接4】（全国卷Ⅲ·47）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar
Confucius， ______ lived from roughly 551 to 497 B.C， influenced the development of
chopsticks.
2.关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容的用法
【高考链接5】（全国卷Ⅰ·70）Like anything， it is possible to have too much of
both， ______ is not good for the health.
【高考链接6】（浙江卷·57） Like many things in life， its an ongoing process， and
the best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement， ______means youll
just keep getting better and better.
3.关系副词where，when，why在定语从句中作状语的用法
【高考链接7】（浙江卷·64）Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got
swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden， ______ it remained until
the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted （生长） through it.
【高考链接8】（全国卷Ⅰ·65）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on
a TV show in the mid-1980s，I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued
from starvation in the wild.
4.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法
【高考链接9】（全国卷Ⅰ改错题）They also had a small pond， which they raised fish.
（限时30分钟）
1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species
___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the
ecosystem in the area.
2.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________
lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three
province.
3.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,
is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air
travel because of climate change.
4.（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic,
I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
5.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________
happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories.
6.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________
gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
7.（2021天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from
___________we can learn without repeating them.
8.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ___________ artists
demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
9.（2020新高考卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the
core collection of the British Museum ___________ opened in 1759.
10.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,
China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___________ it could send
signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
11.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, ___________ paintings were almost
lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.12.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, ___________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do
all his own typing.
13.（2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ___________students can
choose for free.
14.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that
___________everyone.
15.（2019全国II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in
Macclesfield, ___________ she opened with her late husband Les.
（限时30分钟）
一、关系词之间的混用
1. 关系代词与关系副词的混用
例1： I've never heard of such a sport
___ participants who use the most time are awarded gold medals.
A. as B. which
C. whose D. where
【结论】 关系词的选择是看先行词在从句中所充当的成分，如果充当主语、宾语或定语用
关系代词;做状语用关系副词。
近年来，高考题对于where引导定语从句的考查趋于复杂化，先行词从 “明显的地
点”转化为“模糊的地点”。当先行词表示某人/物的situation，或某事所发展的stage和
point，或表达某事的某个方面时，都可用where这个关系副词。
例2：Their child is at the stage ___ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where
C. which D. what
例 3： She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ___ allows them to
communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where
C. what D. who
【结论】定语从句往往紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他成分分离，应结合具体语
境找出先行词。如：Tom was the first student in his class who had won the scholarship.先行词
student和定语从句被介词短语“in his class”隔开，汤姆是他班里第一个获得奖学金的学生。
例4： Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ___ life has
developed gradually.
A. that B. where
C. which D. whose【结论】 关系词的选择要结合具体的语境和常识。
2. 关系代词which和whose的混用
例1： Look！ The dictionary， ___ is red， is a birthday gift given by his father.
A. which cover
B. the cover of which
C. who’s the cover
D. that the cover
【结论】 关系代词which 在定语从句中做主语或宾语，而关系代词whose在定语从
句中做定语，两者可以互换：the cover of which=of which the cover=whose cover。
例2： When the Spring Festival comes， there are many “sales” in my city， during ___
time stores will lower their normal prices.
A. whose B. that
C. which D. its
【结论】 whose在定语从句中做定语，翻译成“……的”;which在定语从句中除了做
主语或宾语外，还可以做定语，翻译成“那个（种）”。例如：
I may have to work late， in which case I'll telephone. 我可能得晚点下班，那样我会打
电话的。
3. 只可以用关系代词that的地方混用了其他关系代词
例： You may search on the Internet for professors and their courses about the university
___ may interest you.
【结论】 当先行词既包括人又包括物时，关系代词只能用that。另外，当先行词是
all， something， everything， anything等不定代词时或者先行词被the only， the very，
all， much， little， few， any等修饰或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时，关系代词只
能用that。
4. 不能用关系代词that的地方误用了that
例： Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt， ___ is a stupid
thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that
C. what D. which
【结论】 非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用that。此外，在“介词+关系代词”引
导的定语从句中，也不能用that。
二、人称代词与关系代词的混用
例1：My father bought me several books， but ___ was interesting.
A. most of them B. none of them
C. none of which D. that
例 2：English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， each of ___ uses it
somewhat differently .A. which B. what
C. them D. those
【结论】 非限制性定语从句和主句要用逗号分开，而不用连词或分号。
三、关系词的漏用
例1： We are in a difficult situation，
___ we do not develop new products， we will end up closing our doors.
A. if B. where
C. where if D. if where
【结论】 引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词常不可以省略。
但是在限制性定语从句中，做宾语的关系代词可以省略。例如：
The professor （that / who / whom） you wish to see has come. 如果把介词置于关系代
词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”引导定语从例句，此时做介词宾语的关系代词不可省略。
例如：This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
四、成分重复
例：（改错题） Could you show me the computer you want to have it repaired？
【结论】 关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中所代替的部分，不可在从句中再出现。
五、主谓不一致
例1：（改错题） 1. The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draws lots
of visitors every year.
例2：（改错题） 2. The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that are
seen from the moon.
。
【结论】关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称
和数保持一致。另外，如果先行词指代整个主句，定语从句的谓语动词也用单数。如：He
has passed the driving test， which surprises all of us.
六、定语从句与其他从句的混用
1. 定语从句与名词性从句的混用
例1：I'm interested in ___ you have said.
A. all that B. all what
C. that D. which
例2：（语法填空） ___ is known to all， the Internet is playing an important part in our
daily life.
例3：Most people have no idea ___the words they use affect their feelings， experiences
and behavior.
A. what B. which
C. who D. that
2. 定语从句与状语从句的混用
例：Here is so difficult a problem ___ none of us can solve.A. which B. that
C. as D. what
3. 定语从句与强调句型的混用
例1： Is it that museum ___ they'd like to visit during their trip to Japan？
A. that B. which
C. where D. as
例 2： It was April 29， 2011 ___ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the
palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when
C. since D. before
