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重难点 01 名词和主谓一致
名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和
短文改错题型中。语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中
在给出词根进行此类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的复数
形式，所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在
一起考查。
高考关于主谓一致的考查主要集中在一下三个方面：
①语法一致
②意义一致
③就近原则
对名词部分主要考查：
①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配
②名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）
③名词的所有格
④抽象名词的具体化
⑤名词和冠词的搭配
考生应重点记住常见的不可数名词,如 furniture,nature,space, wealth, information, news,
knowledge. traffic 等，同时要记住只能修饰不可数名词的数量词(如agreat deal of, too much,
a large amount of等):
对名词复数形式考生应先记住特殊的情况，如中学英语中以结尾变复数时加 es的名词一般
只有以下四个，如negro，hero.tomato,potato.考生只要只要记住这样个句子就可以了:the
negro hero plants tomatoes and potatoes.(黑人英雄种西红柿和土豆);
名词的所有格测试热点是名词修饰名词,一般来说直接修饰就可以了，如teacup名词复数的
测试热点是两个名词连用时是否同时变复数，一般来说只变中心名词就可以了，如 girl
students， 但是 man. woman 是特例、前后都变复 men doctors. women teachers。技巧 1 根据修饰语判断名词单复数
1. A cashier who has a changing sea of __________ (customer) every day will only
remember names for
a short amount of time.
【试题解析】因a sea of (许多；大量) 后的可数名词要用复数形式，所以customer要用复
数。
【参考答案】customers
易错点
名词前有these、those、several、many、all、both、a pair of、a variety of、different、
one of、among或数词等修饰时用名词复数形式。热点练
1. The festival is viewed as the end to a series of New Year ______________(celebration) and
is celebrated
with the release of floating and flying lanterns.
【解析】前有a series of(一系列)修饰，故用名词的复数形式。
【答案】celebrations
2. Alipay achieved this remarkable success by motivating its users to choose from various
low-carbon _________ (option) in their daily lives…
【解析】前有various修饰，要用名词的复数形式。
【答案】options
技巧 2 根据主谓一致判断名词单复数
3. However, safety __________ (problem) arise.
【解析】由谓语动词arise可知，主语是复数。
【答案】problems
热点练
1. Second, there exist idiomatic _________ (method) of saying something specific in Chinese
but it is extremely hard for us to put it into English properly.
【解析】因there exist 是there be的变体，而exist是复数，根据主谓一致原则，可知
method (方法) 也用复数。
【答案】methods
2. ________ (study) have shown that low levels of those chemicals might have the same
effects as BPA.
【解析】由谓语have shown可知主语是复数。
【答案】Studies
技巧 3 根据上下文判断
1 . Later, _______ (letter) appeared. However, it would take them days or even weeks to
reach their destinations.
【解析】由下文的them可知，此处用名词的复数形式。
【答案】letters
热点练
1. Beijing’s autumn is extremely short, so parks around the city fill up fast with people
coming to see the season’s sight—a show of changing ________ (colour) as the trees turn
from dark green to deep red.【解析】由空后“树木从深绿色变成深红色”可知，colour要用复数。
【答案】colours
2.To many Chinese, playing traditional Chinese musical ____________(instrument), such
as the guzheng or erhu, may seem a bit old-fashioned.
【解析】由空后such as所举的例子或常识可知，中国传统乐器不止一种，故用复数形式。
【答案】instruments
技巧 4 根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式
1. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around
human settlements, leading to a_________（believe） that populations are increasing.
【解析】思路点拨 根据句子成分判断词性。 设空处作leading to的宾语,且前面有不定冠
词a修饰,应该用其名词形式。
【答案】belief
2 No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various____________
（activity）on Earth Day.
【解析】思路点拨 根据限定词确定名词的数。根据设空处前的 various可知,此处要用名
词的复数形式。
【答案】activities
热点练
1.The eight-week course offers _______________ (participant) the basics of cutting food
waste, using water more efficiently, cutting down on greenhouse gas emissions from
transportation, and becoming better informed about recycling.
【解析】可数名词participant前无冠词和人称代词，应用复数形式，表示泛指。
【答案】participants
2. And one of his songs, Let the World Be Filled with Love, has enjoyed great popularity
all over the country for _________ (decade).
【解析】因for decades (几十年来) 是固定词组，类似的还有for years (多年来)。其实，也
可以根据可数名词前没有限定词要用复数表示泛指的规则进行判断。
【答案】decades名词：可数名词与不可数名词的辨析及名词的所有格。对近义词辨析的考查。
主谓一致：要求考生正确判断常常被其他成分所修饰的句子主语。
【真题链接】
1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate
___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas,
【答案】populations
【解析】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，
最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾
语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
2. （2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
【答案】son’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之
间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
3.(2021·新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will
remind you how tiny we_______（human) are.
答案:humans
[句意：当你站在山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么渺小。
human是we的同位语，we为复数，human应用复数。故填humans.]
4.(2021·全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the
different gates and_______（watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local
people going about their daily routines.
答案:watchtowers
[句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来
拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据形容词 different可知，此
处应用可数名词watch-tower的复数形式。故填 watchtowers.]5.(2021·全国乙卷）_______（activity) there range from whale watching to hiking
(远足） and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
答案:Activities
[句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿，宗旨是对自然环境影响达到
很小。根据谓语动词range 可知，设空处应用可数名词activity的复数作主语。
且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Activities]
6.(2021·浙江高考）In 1844 they bought it for $ 1,200 and some land from Charles
Dresser, who performed their_______（marry) ceremony in 1842.
答案:marriage
[句意：1844年，他们以1,200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子
和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。根据设空前的形容
词性物主代词their可知，此处应用名词。故填 marriage.]
7.(2021·全国甲卷）Many students say they will talk to their_______（friend) or
classmates because they're of the same age and can under- stand each other.
答案:friends
[句意；许多学生说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲，因为他们是同龄人，能彼
此理解。根据设空前many students 和their 可知，此处应用名词复数。故填
friends.]
8.(2021·新高考I卷）You can't help wondering how hard it_______（be) for the
people then to put all those rocks into place.
答案:was
[句意；你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。根据
设空前认可知，谓语动词应用单数，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用
一般过去时故填was. ]
【名校模拟练】
9.(2022·山东省济南市莱芜第一中学高三期中考试）What Dr Limb was surprised
to find was that the_______（genius) brain seemed to have repurposed its own
disused visual cortex(皮层）to build other neurological(神经病学的）pathways.
答案:genius'
[句意；让利普博士惊讶的是，他发现这位天才的大脑似乎重新利用了自己被废
弃的视堂皮层来建立其他的神经通路。设空处应用名词的所有格和后文名词
brain 构成所属关系。故填genius’ ]10.(2022·湖北省武汉市第一中学高三月考）Some people say it has no taste at all,
and others think it_______（taste) bad.
答案:tastes
[句意：有些人说它一点味道都没有，而另一些人则认为它味道很差。计为第三
人称单数，系动词taste 应用其单数形式。故填 tastes.]
11.(2022·辽宁省铁岭市高三摸底考试）In recent years some Inuit people in
Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading
to a_______（believe) that populations are increasing.
答案:belief
[句意：近年来，努纳武特的一些因组特人报告说，在人类居住区周围看到熊的
次数有所增加，这导致人们相信照的数量正在增加。根据设空前不定冠词a可
知，设空处应用名词。故填 belief.]
12.(2021·浙江台州市高三调研）If we choose long-lasting clothes, it helps solve
two key_______（issue) at once-overconsumption and the declining quality of many
clothes in stores these days.
答案:issues
[句意：如果我们选择耐穿的衣物的话，我们可以一起解决两个关键问题－时
下的过度消费和实体店衣服质量不断下降的问题。two 后接可数名词复数。故
填issues.]
13.(2021·湖南省五市十校高三第二次大联考）Witnessing the reproduction of
animals_______（be) a precious experience for kids.
答案:is
[根据语境可知，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语
Witnessing the reproduction of animals,谓语动词使用第三人称单数。故填is.]
14.(2022·广东广州高三月考）In 1983,he went to South Africa where he worked for
an Indian company and offered some guidance to the company for its legal_______
（problem).
答案:problems
[根据设空前its并结合语境可知，此处应指不止一个问题，应用名词复数。故
填problems.]15.(2022·河北百师联盟高三摸底考试）The company founder said, “Flying at a
height of 2,500 metres and a speed of 185 kph, it has turned science fiction into
a_______（real).”
答案:reality
[句意：该公司创始人说：“飞行高度为2,500米，时速为185公里，这使科幻
变成了现实。”根据设空前a可知，设空处应用可数名词单数。故填reality.]
16.(2022·河北邯郸高三摸底考试）The_______（protect) from wind provided by
the decorative silk or paper shade kept the lanterns from going out with the breeze.
答案:protection
[句意：由装饰性的丝帘或纸帘提供的防风保护使灯笼不会随风熄灭。根据设
空前冠词The可知，此处应用名词。故填protection]
17.(2022·河北荆门高三摸底考试）Many legends have been left in China about
the_______（construct) of the Great Wall.
答案:construction
[句意：关于长城的建造，中国留下了许多传说。根据设空前the可知，此处应
用名词，且 construction 为抽象概念，不可数。故填 construction.]
18.(2022·浙江省诸暨市高三选考诊断性考试）What makes the famous Three
Graces buildings on the waterfront almost out of sight, are towers and flats of wild
and ugly_______（scene).
答案:scenes
[句意：而让滨水区著名的三座优雅建筑几乎消失在视线之外的，是充满野性
和丑陋景象的高楼和平地。根据设空前形容词ugly可知，此处应用名词，且
scene为可数名词，应用名词复数。故填scenes.]
19.(2021·重庆七中高三第四次学情检测）The children were spell-bound, the
raccoon providing better_______（entertain) than any museum.
答案:entertainment
[句意：孩子们像着了迷一样，因为浣熊给孩子们提供的快乐超过任何一个博物
馆。根据句意可知，provide后接宾语，需用名词。故填 entertainment.]
20.(2022·江苏省淮安市车桥中学高三调研）The one-hour film traces the poet's
life_______（experience) in detail.
答案:experiences[句意：这部一小时的电影详细地追溯了诗人的生活经历。根据设空前 poet's
可知，此处应用名词，且名词experience意为“经历”时，是可数名词，应用
名词复数。故填experiences.]
21.(2021·江苏丹阳期末）The poet and writer_______（be) very popular with us at
present.
答案:is
[句意：这位诗人兼作家现在很受我们欢迎。主语The and writer指一个人，是
单数，谓语动词应用单数，且根据时间状语 at present 可知，设空处应用一般
现在时。故填is.]
22.(2022·广东省珠海市高三摸底测试）From then on, Dick ran as many_______
（race) with his son as he could.
答案:races
[句意：从那时起，Dick(狄克）就尽可能多地和儿子赛跑。race为可数名词，
由 many 修饰应用复数。故填races.]
23.(2022·广东省广州市省实、执信、广雅、六中高三四校联考）The youngest
child, however, often gets special_______（treat).
答案:treatment
[句意：然而，最小的孩子通常会得到特殊的待遇。根据设空前的形容词special
可知，此处应用名词作宾语，故填treatment.]
24.(2022·辽宁省东北育才学校高三三模）Gratitude is a light that shines in the soul,
turning worry into hope, fear into joy, weakness into_______（strong) and worriers
into warriors.
答案:strength
［句意：感激是照亮灵魂的光芒，把担心变成希望、恐惧变成快乐、弱变强并
且把多虑的人变成战士。＂worry into hope, fear into joy, we”是并列名词短语，
故设空处应用名词。故填strength.]
25.(2021·山东省师范大学附属中学高三二模）I used to be so addicted to computer
games that I had little time for study and thus fell behind and my_______（fit) began
to fail.
答案:fitness'【句意；我以前沉迷于电脑游戏，以至于几乎没有时间学习，因此落后了，我
的健康也开始衰退。设空处需用名词作生语，fit的名词为fitness“健康”，不可
数名词。故填fitness.]
26.(2021·浙江德清高三摸底考试）In front of our house_______（stand) a tall tree,
measuring as tall as 90 metres.
答案:stands
[地点状语“In front of our house"放在句首，句子应用完全倒装，所以主语是 a
tall tree,为第三人称单数。故填 stands. ]
27.(2022·河南省重点高中高三阶段性调研联考）Last week,100 restaurants across
Shanghai advocated the use of serving utensils ( 器具），as it is a key point for the
control and_______（prevent) of the COVID-19.
答案:prevention
[设空前连词and连接两个由定冠词the修饰的名词，因此设空处应用名词。故
填prevention]
28.(2022·广东广州高三开学测试）Among this year's unique suite
offerings_______（be) the“ Elephant in the Room”。
答案:is
[句意：在今年独特的套房产品中，有一款是“房间里的大象”。陈述事实，应
用一般现在时。本句是倒装句，根据设空后“Elephant in the Room”可知，谓语
动词应用单数形式。故填is]
29.(2022·重庆市第八中学高三摸底考试）“Overall, these results suggest that
a_______（combine) of acute caffeine intake and exercise at moderate intensity in
the afternoon provides the best scenario for individuals seeking to increase whole-
body fat oxidation during aerobic exercise,” the researchers conclude.
答案:combination
[句意：总的来说，这些结果表明，对于那些想在有氧运动中增加全身脂肪氧
化的人来说，在下午进行剧烈的咖啡因摄入和中等强度的运动相结合是最好的
方案。根据设空前冠词a和设空后作定语的介词短语可知，设空处应用名词。
故填combination.]
30.(2022·浙江杭州高三一模）Once my father sent us a photo of him in a soldier's
uniform, which_______（be) posted on the table reminding me of him.
答案:was［根据主句的谓语动词sent可知，陈述过去的事实，应用一般过去时；主语
which 指代先行词
A photo,谓语动词应用单数。故填was. ]
31.(2022·河北邯郸摸底考试）These decorative lanterns_______（be) hung in both
homes and public spaces.
答案:are
[句意：这些装饰性的灯笼挂在家里和公共场所。本句描述一般情况，应用一
般现在时；lanterns与hang之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动形式；主
语lanterns是复数名词，谓语动词应用复数。故填are.]
32.(2021·江苏省扬州市扬州中学高三月考）So what your bag can convey_______
(be)your status, or your belief.
答案:is [本句陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为 what your bag can convey,
谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填is.]
