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专题 25 如何巧取动词提示词
动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。
动词的变化形式比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态语态和主谓一致及虚拟语气)、非谓语
形式的变化(如不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词)。
年份 2022年 2021年
新高考 全国卷 新高考 全国卷
卷区
I卷 II卷 乙卷 甲卷 I卷 II卷 乙卷 甲卷
体裁 说明文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文
中国政 正 在 修 中国商 一名有 介绍黄 作者为 介绍新 介绍作
府计划 车 的 会博物 视力障 山的云 了保护 兴生态 者浏览
建立大 Henry 馆庆祝 碍的北 海、温 环境， 旅游的 西安长
熊猫国 拯 救 了 第一个 京男子 泉及台 减少使 概念、 城的活
主题 家公园 小 男 孩 国际茶 徒步旅 阶 用塑料 起源及 动
的故事 日 行“一 垃圾 原则
路 一
带”事
情
谓语
2 2 1 1 1 1 0 2
动词
非谓
语动 2 2 4 3 0 2 2 2
词
有 名词 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
提 形容
0 1 1 2 3 2 2 2
示 词
词 副词 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
数词 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
代词 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
介词 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
冠词 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
无
连词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
提
1（定 1（定 1（主 1（定
示 1（特殊
其他 语从句 语从句 语从句 语从句
词 疑问 0 0 0
词 关系代 关系代 关系代 关系代
词）
词） 词） 词） 词）
『命题专家谈高考』
【考纲解读】
语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能，将语法考查提高到语篇层次，
在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语法知识理解篇章的能力。
语法填空考查形式分为有提示词(7个)和无提示词(3个)两种形式。有提示词多考查实
词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)的词性转换和基本用法，如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致；名词的数；形容词和副词的比较等级等。无提示词多考查虚词的用法，主
要考查介词、冠词和连词等。
【备考建议】
1．该题型以后会更加突出语篇，强调运用。因此，考生要及时转变观念，关注语法在语篇
中的交际使用情况，将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的实际运用上来。
2．同时，还要加强语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养，继续重视语言运用的准确性。
3．语法和词汇知识是综合运用语言能力的基础，要与真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合。
微技能一 如何确定作谓语和作何种谓语
No.1思维定向——先定向是否作谓语
解题步骤 典例印证
第一步：确定是否作谓语 The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city
首先，分析句子结构，找出句中是否缺少
wall that has survived China’s long history.It
谓语，如果缺少谓语，则该空格应填谓语
61.____________ (build) originally to protect the
动词。
city 62.in the Tang dynasty and has now been
第二步：确定作谓语的三点注意
completely restored (修复)．
1．根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等
【分析】
确定用哪种时态；
第一步 确定填谓语。分析句子成分可知，空处和has now been completely restored (修复)作
并列谓语。
2．根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是
第二步 考虑时态语态和主谓一致。有时间状
被动关系，以确定语态；
语in the Tang dynasty可知发生在过去，根据主
3．根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主
语it (the Great Wall)与动词build之间是被动关
谓一致。
系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
[尝试解答] was__built
No.2解题规则——再确定作何种谓语
技法一 提示词为动词时，确定时态的4根据
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
认清常考时态的标志性时间状
语
1. In the first century, many people in
(1)看到often, usually, always,
Roman Empire ____________ (work)
every time, sometimes等时间
underground in mines to support their
状语， 要想到用一般现在
families.
时。
2．At the edge of the Tibetan Plateau,
(2)看到yesterday, last year, in
Sichuan ____________ (attract) a large
2020, the other day, two days
number of travelers over the years.
ago, 一段时间＋later等时间
3．This is for the seventh national
状语，要想到用一般过去式。
population census (人口普查)．China
(3)看到tomorrow, next year, in
____________ (conduct) a national survey
a week, in the future, soon等时
1.慧眼识别 every 10 years since the 1990s.
间状语，要想到用一般将来
标志词 4． That promise may be years away from
时。
realization but rapid typing enabled by
(4)看到at this moment, at
bioprinting at present ____________ (push)
present, now等时间状语，要
medical advances forward at pace.
想到用现在进行时。
5．Since December 2001, it
(5)看到since, recently, lately,
____________(be)on the UNESCO World
already , in the last/past few
Cultural Heritage list.
years, so far/up to now, for＋时
6．By about 6000 BC，people
间段， ever since...等时间状
__________________
语，要想到用现在完成时。
(discover) the best crops to grow and
(6)看到by then , by the end of...
animals to raise.
等时间状语，要想到用过去完
成时。
2.瞻前顾后
7.There, he not only did well as a student (1)可根据并列连词and, but, or,rather than, neither...nor...，not
but also ____________ (become) an
only...but also...等前后的谓语
accomplished public speaker.
动词形式确定所填谓语动词的
8.When/As he asked the villagers on the
找并列 时态。
banks of the river where he could find the
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以
legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and
上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态
____________(point) down the river.
要一致。
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问
题快速且行之有效的方式，因
9.This was the first time I ____________
此平时要积累并熟记一些常用
(experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever
句式。如：
want to be in one again.
(1)was/were doing sth when sb
10．I____________ (drive) down to
did...
London when I suddenly found that I was
(2)had (just) done sth when＋一
3.通过“常用 on the wrong road.
般过去时
句式”法 11．I say to him with a cheerful
(3)This/It/That was the
smile，“Go to exercise and you
first/second...time that sb had
____________(feel) better.”
done...
12．Therefore, it is high time that we
(4)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，
____________ (take) effective measures to
陈述句用一般将来时
improve the current situation.
(5)It’s (high) time
that...did/should do sth
13.This style of farming lasted for quite a
long time.Then，with the rise of science， 分析句子结构， 发现提示词
changes began.New methods 作谓语， 且没有标志性的时
____________(mean) that fewer people 间状语和其他参照物都不明显
4.通过“语境
worked in farming. 的情况下，通过正确理解语境
暗示”法
14.As a result, as the number of qubits(量子 即通过题干中的语境暗示解
位) ____________ (increase), the 题，也是解决时态问题的一条
computing ability of quantum computers 行之有效的方法。
rises too.
答案
1．worked [考查时态。句意：在公元一世纪，罗马帝国的许多人为了养家糊口都在地下
矿井里工作。结合上文“In the first century”可知，应用一般过去时。]
2．has attracted [考查时态和主谓一致。句意：四川地处青藏高原的边缘，多年来吸引了
大量游客。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句的谓语动词，结合时间状语over the years可知，
时态应为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语Sichuan为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单
数形式，故填has attracted。]3．has conducted [考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自上世纪90年代以来，中国每10年进行
一次全国性调查。根据后文since the 1990s可知，应用现在完成时，主语为China，故助动
词用has。]
4．is pushing [考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这一前景可能还需要数年时间才能实现，但
目前生物打印带来的快速打印功能正在推动医学进步的步伐。表示动作目前正在进行，应
用现在进行时，主语为rapid typing，谓语动词用单数。]
5．has been [考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“since December 2001”可知，应
用现在完成时；主语it是单数概念，谓语动词应用单数。]
6．had discovered [考查时态。分析句子成分可知，简单句中除了提示词外无其他谓语动
词，且主语和提示词之间为主动关系，本句中时间标志词By about 6000 BC为“by＋过去
时间点”结构，意为“到……为止”，句子应该用过去完成时。]
7．became [考查时态。分析句子结构可知，not only与but also连接的是两个并列谓语，
not only后用了一般过去时(did)，but also后也应该使用一般过去时(became)。]
8．pointed [考查时态。分析句子结构可知，and连接并列谓语，根据上文they smiled，可
知此处应用一般过去时，故填pointed。]
9．had experienced [考查时态。此题为固定句式 “This was the first time that sb had done
sth”因此，从句用过去完成时。]
10．was driving [考查时态。句意：我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。此题
考查固定句式“be doing sth when...”，表示“正在做某事时突然……”。]
11．will feel [考查时态。此题为固定句式：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来
时。]
12．took/should take [考查时态。句意：因此，采取一些必要措施来改善这种情况已经是
当务之急的时候了。此处考查固定句式“It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth”。]
13．meant [考查时态。结合句意可知，New methods与mean是主谓关系，同时前两句的
时态为一般过去时，故填meant。]
14．increases [考查时态和主谓一致。句意：因此，随着量子位的增加，量子计算机的计
算能力也随之提高。根据句意可知，句子为as引导的时间状语从句，句子陈述的是客观事
实，应用一般现在时，increase意为“增加”，句中“the number of ”意为“……的数量”，
后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故应填increases。]
技法二 提示词为动词时，明确逻辑关系定语态
确定谓语动词的语态，分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是
确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动词动作的执行者，该动词就用主
动语态；若所给动词的主语是这个动词动作的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.依据逻辑关 Born in 712, Du Fu lived through the violent 动词的语态一般和时态放在
系，辨析主动 fall of China’s brilliant Tang Dynasty.He had 一起进行考查。做好此类试the desire to serve his country, but his life
题，考生需要掌握以下几
____________ (destroy) by the An Lushan
点：
Rebellion of 755.
(1)分析句子结构， 发现提
2.People tend to focus on the first
示词作谓语， 若与主语之间
factor.However，greater attention should
是主动关系， 应考虑用主动
____________(place) on longevity(长寿)．
语态，若是被动关系则考虑
3．Moreover, knowledge has become more
用被动语态。
或被动 and more complicated and it can’t
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：
____________ (understand) if we do not
be＋过去分词， 情态动词＋
practice it again and again.
be done。
4．Farming produced more food per person
(3)做题步骤一般分为两步：
than hunting and gathering，so people were
先考虑语态，再考虑时态。
able to raise more children.And，as more
(4)主谓一致常和动词的时
children were born，more food
态、语态放在一起考查。
________(need)．
5.The book which were written by Zhou
Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu， 提示词作谓语， 且表示的是
2.牢记主动表被
____________ (sell) well. 主语所具有的特征时， 应考
动含义句式结
6．The books which were written by Zhou 虑用主动形式表示被动含
构
Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu， 义。
____________ (sell) out here.
答案
1．was destroyed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他有报效祖国的愿望，但755年的安
史之乱毁了他的生命。此处缺乏谓语，由时间状语the An Lushan Rebellion of 755可知，时
态用一般过去时，主语his life和谓语destroy是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语
态(was/were done)，主语his life是单数，谓语也用单数形式。]
2．be placed [考查语态。由短语place greater attention on可知，attention 与place之间是
被动关系，故用被动语态。]
3．be understood [考查语态和主谓一致。句意：此外，知识已经变得越来越复杂，如果我
们不一次又一次地实践它，它是不可能被我们理解的。此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，
且can’t后跟动词原形。故填be understood。]
4．was needed [考查时态语态。结合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的粮食就越多”可知，
more food与need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填was needed。]
5．sell [考查语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知， sell在此处表示事物所具有的特征，意为
“卖得好， 畅销” 应用主动形式表示被动含义，同时，本句主语books是复数形式，故
填sell。]6．have been sold [考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知， sell在此处强调动作， 指
书“已经卖完”，应用现在完成时的被动语态。又因主语books是复数形式，故填have
been sold。]
技法三 提示词为动词时， 确定主谓一致的三原则
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
(1)由分数、百分数或者some,
a part of等修饰时，要根据所
修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单
1.Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ 复数。
(give) a warm welcome when returning to the (2)分析句子结构， 发现提示
1.语法一 village last week. 词作谓语， 看到主语后跟有
致原则 2．Often，only a small part of a museum’s with, together with, as well as,
collection ____________(be) on display.Most like, but, except, along with,
of it is stored away or used for research. rather than, including, in
addition to等引导的短语时，
要考虑谓语动词的数与前面的
主语保持一致。
(1)分析句子结构， 发现提示
3.Even though there ____________ (be) more 词作谓语， 看到主语由or,
opportunities to go out and do fun things in the either...or..., neither...nor..., not
city, it may take focus away from your studies. only...but also...，not...but...等
4．Not only the students but also their teacher 连接时，要考虑就近原则确定
2.就近一
____________ (move) deeply by the moving 谓语动词的单复数。
致原则
story. (2)分析句子结构， 发现提示
5．As a matter of fact, not only the students 词作谓语，看到there, here引
but also the teacher ____________ (wish) for a 起的主语不止一个时，谓语动
relaxing holiday. 词的数通常和最邻近的主语保
持一致。
6.Practicing, to sum up，____________ (be) (1)由连词and连接的并列成分
of greatest importance for those who are 指的是同一概念，兼具身份或
determined to learn knowledge well. 匹配出现(不可分割的整体)
3.意义一
7．Our school is carrying on a reform in 时，谓语动词用单数。
致原则
education and each boy and each girl (2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作
____________ (have) access to a table 主语时，谓语动词一般用单
computer as well as the Internet. 数。
答案1．was given [考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：埃米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到
了热烈的欢迎。A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词的数由A，也就是本题中的Amy决定；
由last week可知give表示的动作发生在过去，且Amy与give是被动关系，故填was
given。]
2．is [考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语often可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓
语动词，主语为only a small part of a museum’s collection，是单数形式，故填is。]
3．are [考查时态和主谓一致。句意：即使在城市里有更多的外出和做有趣的事情的机会，
这可能会分散你学习的注意力。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，根据there be句型中
的主语more opportunities可知应用are。]
4．was moved [考查语态和主谓一致。句意：不仅学生，老师也被这个故事深深地打动了。
not only...but also...并列主语时根据就近一致原则确定谓语动词用单数， move与主语their
teacher 是被动关系， 故填was moved。]
5．wishes [考查主谓一致。句意：事实上，不仅仅是学生，老师也希望有个放松的假期。
根据就近一致的原则，应该填wishes。]
6．is [考查时态和主谓一致。句意：总之，对于那些决心学好知识的人来说，实践是最重
要的。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Practicing，谓语动词用第三人称单数形
式。]
7．has [考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们学校进行教育改革，每个男孩和女孩都有机会
使用电脑以及互联网。根据并列句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；根据意义一致的原
则， each boy and each girl 作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填has。]
微技能二 如何确定作非谓语和作何种非谓语
No.1思维定向——先定向是否作非谓语
解题步骤 典例印证
Later，they learned to work with the seasons, planting at
分析句子结构，所给提示词 the right time and，in dry areas，____________(make) use
是动词时， 若句中已有谓语动 of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
词， 而又无连词(并列连词连接 【分析】 分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词
并列句或并列谓语，从属连词引 learned，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主
导从句)时，则要考虑填非谓语动 语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形
词。 式(doing)作状语。
[尝试解答] makingNo.2解题规则——再确定具体用何种非谓语
判断非谓语动词的2个基本原则
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.Orange trees are more than decoration；
they are a symbol of good fortune and
wealth.They make great gifts and you see
them many times ____________ 动词－ing形式与动词－ed形
(decorate)with red envelopes and messages 式的区别：
1.判断主动 of good fortune. 逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓
还是被动 2．The World Health Organization (WHO) 关系时， 用动词－ing形式；
has decided that the novel coronavirus (新型 是动宾关系时用动词－ed形
冠状病毒) outbreak is considered as an 式。
international public health emergency，
____________ (set) off the global action to
prevent the spread of the virus.
3.A bird habitat can be a natural or man－
made area ____________ (provide) birds
(1)非谓语动词表示正在进行，
with an environment that supplies food and
用动词－ing形式；
water.
2.判断时间 (2)表示已经完成，用动词－ed
4. According to a study ____________
先后关系 形式；
(publish) in the magazine Science, the
(3)表示将来发生的动作，用不
changes in the sounds of our oceans, seas,
定式to do形式。
and other waterways affect many sea
animals.
答案
1．decorated [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词make及see，故
空处应作非谓语动词。又因句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为逻辑上
的动宾关系，此处作宾语补足语。]
2．setting [考查非谓语动词。句意：世界卫生组织(世卫组织)决定将新型冠状病毒的爆发
视为国际公共卫生紧急事件，触发了全球行动来抵制病毒的传播。分析句子结构可知，本
句已有谓语，分句之间无连词连接，此处应用非谓语动词形式；结合语境可知，此处应用
动词－ing短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填setting。]3．providing [考查非谓语动词。句意：鸟类栖息地可以是一个自然或人为的区域，为鸟
类提供食物和水的环境。area 后跟定语，area 与 provide 是逻辑上的主谓关系，且
provide 表示正在进行的动作。]
4．published [考查非谓语动词。句意：根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，海洋和
其他水域的声音变化影响了许多海洋动物。动词publish意为“发表”，和逻辑主语study
构成被动关系，且动作已完成。所以应用过去分词作后置定语。]
判断非谓语动词的5种妙法
妙法1 非谓语动词作主语和表语——成分分析法
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.句中缺少主语，找到句子的
1.____________ (track) down more than 1
谓语部分，确定用动词－ing
billion Chinese citizens is by no means
形式还是不定式作主语。
easy.This year, about 7 million staff will be
2．掌握用动词－ing形式/不定
needed to visit homes for registration work.
式作主语的句型：
1.非谓语动 2．On our way to the house, it was raining
(1)It is/was＋形容词(for/of sb)
词作主语 so hard that we couldn’t help wondering
＋to do sth
how long it would take ____________ (get)
(2)It is no use/good doing sth
there.
(3)It takes sb some time to do sth
3．It is possible ____________ (walk) or
(4)It’s worthwhile to do/doing
bike the entire 14 kilometers.
sth
非谓语动词中能作表语的有现
在分词、过去分词、动名词和
4.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head 不定式。
to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he (1)现在分词作表语，意为“令
doesn’t feel ____________(challenge)． 人感到……的”；
2.非谓语动
5．Bioprinting may be a relatively new (2)动名词作表语，表示对主语
词作表语
field but the results so far are 内容的进一步说明和解释；
____________ (encourage)． (3)过去分词作表语，意为“本
身感到……的”。
(4)不定式作表语，表将来或目
的。
答案
1．Tracking [考查非谓语动词。句意：追踪10亿多中国公民绝非易事。分析句子结构可
知，track在句中应用非谓语动词形式，本句缺少主语，故应用动名词短语作主语，句首单
词首字母要大写。]
2．to get [考查非谓语动词。此处是“It takes (sb) some time to do sth”句型，意为“花费
(某人)多长时间做某事”。]3．to walk [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是固定句型“It is＋adj.＋(for sb)to do
sth”，It是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。]
4．challenged [考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空格处作系动词feel的表语，主语
为he，故要用 challenged，表示“受到挑战的”。]
5．encouraging [考查非谓语动词。句意：生物打印可能是一个相对较新的领域，但迄今
为止的结果令人鼓舞。根据上文are可知应填形容词encouraging，作表语，表示“令人鼓
舞的”，修饰物。]
妙法2 非谓语动词作宾语——关键词语法
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.After ____________ (spend) some time
looking at all the defensive equipment at the
介词和带介词to的固定搭配后
wall, we decided it was time for some action
1.作介词的 一定跟动词－ing形式作宾语，
and what better than to ride on a piece of
宾语用 但介词but/except后接不定式作
history!
动名词 宾语，且前面有实义动词do
2．I won’t call myself the most
时，不定式就要省略to。
accomplished person when it comes to
____________ (hold) chopsticks.
3.He had been considering ____________
(jump) from a bridge.He later found the Good
·喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy,
Samaritan and thanked him for his
consider, escape, avoid)
kindness.He may one day find a way to pay
·不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help,
him back in kind—though that’s not the
give up, risk)
point.
·感激承认很值得(appreciate,
4．This included digging up the road，
admit, be worth)
____________ (lay) the track and then
2.只能跟动 ·介意想象莫推延(mind, imagine,
building a strong roof over the top.
名词作宾 delay, put off)
5．We paced around to avoid ____________
语的动词 ·允许完成是期望(allow, permit,
(get) frostbite (冻伤)as the temperature
和短语 finish, look forward to)
stayed close to －30 ℃ and our drill
·建议继续勤操练(suggest, go on,
batteries became too cold to work.
practise)
6．The guide dog being denied
·致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to,
____________ (board) is just the tip of the
excuse, insist on)
iceberg, compared to the various difficulties
·继续成功不错过(keep on,
faced by the country’s visually impaired
succeed in, miss)
population every day when they leave their
home.
3.只能跟不
7.Activities there range from whale watching ·三个希望两答应(hope, wish,to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim expect, agree, promise)
____________ (have) a low impact on the ·两个要求莫拒绝(demand, ask,
natural environment. refuse)
8．At one point, someone offered ·设法学会做决定(manage, learn,
____________ (trade) me an alcoholic decide/determine)
beverage (饮料) and a golden feathered ·不要假装在选择(pretend,
定式作宾
headdress for my camera. choose/select)
语的动词
9．While China has overcome the worst of ·计划提出俩打算(plan, offer,
this wave of the pandemic (大流行) so far, intend, mean)
and most schools are fully prepared ·申请失败负担起(apply, fail,
____________ (open) with in－person afford)
classes, Canada is still facing new cases here ·准备愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire,
and there every day. happen)
10.I still remember ____________ (visit) a
4.既可跟动
friend who’d lived here for five years and I remember, forget, regret, stop, go
名词作宾
was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked on, need, try, mean 等。注意它
语，又可
once in all that time. 们含义的不同之处。
跟不定式
11．Most people, at one time or another, ·remember
作宾语但
have been on the receiving end of a random ·mean
表达含义
act of kindness—that moment when a ·stop
不同的动
complete stranger stops ____________ ·regret
词和短语
(offer) aid, generosity or sympathy.
答案
1．spending [考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词的－ing形式。故填
spending。]
2．holding [考查非谓语动词。句意：说到拿筷子，我不会称自己为最有成就的人。在
when it comes to...这一固定句型中，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。]
3．jumping [考查非谓语动词。句意：他一直在考虑从桥上跳下去。consider doing sth“考
虑做某事”，用动名词作宾语。]
4．laying [考查非谓语动词。设空处作include的宾语，应用动名词形式。laying和句中的
digging up, building并列。]
5．getting [考查非谓语动词。句意：由于温度保持在零下30 ℃附近并且我们的钻机电池
变得太冷而无法工作，因此我们四处走动以避免冻伤。avoid doing “避免做某事”，用动名
词作宾语。]
6．boarding [考查非谓语动词。deny doing sth是固定用法， 所以空格处需用动名词作宾
语。]7．to have [考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth “力求做某事”为固定搭配。故本空用不定式
to have。]
8．to trade [考查非谓语动词。句意：有一次，有人提出用一杯酒精饮料和一个金色羽毛
头饰换我的相机。offer to do sth “主动提出做某事”是动词习惯用法，不定式作宾语。]
9．to open [考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然中国已经克服了这次流行病浪潮中最严重的一
波，并且大多数学校已经为开学做好了充足的准备，但是加拿大仍然每天都有新病例出现。
固定搭配be prepared to do sth “准备好做某事”。]
10．visiting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，remember作谓语，且空处不作并列
谓语，故应填非谓语动词，此处考查remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”，故填
visiting。]
11．to offer [考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数人，曾经都接受过随意的善举——那个时刻，
一个完全的陌生人停下来提供帮助、慷慨或同情。stop to do sth “停下来做某事”，根据句
意，空格处用不定式作目的状语。]
妙法3 非谓语动词作定语——关系分析法
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.They represent the earth ____________
(1)动词－ing形式作定语表示
(come) back to life and best wishes for new
主动、正在进行；
beginnings.
1.动词－ing (2)若表示被动且正在发生的
2．Even today, people ____________
形式作 动作用being done 结构。
(suffer) under COVID－19 are still inspired
定语 (3)表示心理状态的动词－ing
by Du Fu’s poems.
形式的形容词，意为“令
3. It’s a very ____________ (worry) picture
人……的”。
of risk and urgent need for action.
4.The national voluntary tree－planting
(1)动词－ed形式作定语表示
campaign，____________ (launch) in China
被动、完成。
in 1981, has seen volunteers plant 76 billion
2.动词－ed (2)动词－ed形式的形容词，
trees across the country since then.
形式作 意为“(人)感到……的”，
5.A video ____________ (post)online shows
定语 也可修饰体现内心感受的
three tourists，two women and a man，are
look，expression，tears，
scrawling on the wall of Badaling section of
smile，voice等名词。
the Great Wall at around 1 pm.
(1)看到由序数词或形容词最
6. As darkness falls, the best place
____________(witness)the city is on the
高级修饰的名词(代词)常用
3.不定式 wall, where one can’t help but imagine the 不定式作定语。
作定语 distant past. (2)看到由the only，the last，
7．Freud was one of the first scientists the next等修饰的名词(代词)
____________ (make) serious research of the 常用不定式作定语。mind.The mind is the collection of activities
____________ (base) in the brain that
involve how we act, think, feel and reason. (3)看到被修饰的名词(代词)
8．Vinnie confirmed her ability 是ability，attempt，chance,
____________ (make) a full－length statue desire，eagerness，
by highlighting the heavy labor she had done potential，reason，right，
before. something，anything，time，
9． COVID－19 has the potential way，wish等词时，常用不
____________ (wipe) out different kinds of 定式作定语
apes if humans don’t take steps to prevent its
spread.
答案
1．coming [考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句
中谓语动词为represent，所以空格处为非谓语动词。逻辑主语earth与come back to life之
间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。]
2．suffering [考查非谓语动词。句意：即使到了今天，遭受着新冠的人们仍然受到杜甫诗
歌的启发。本句已有谓语are inspired且无连词，其它动词用非谓语形式，名词people和动
词suffer是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词(doing)表主动，做名词people的后置定语。]
3．worrying [考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一幅非常令人担忧的风险景象，迫切需要采取
行动。修饰后文名词picture，应用－ing结尾的形容词worrying，作定语。]
4．launched [考查非谓语动词。句意：1981年中国发起了全国性的自愿植树运动，自那
时以来，志愿者们在全国植树760亿棵。分析句子结构可知此处用作定语，因其所修饰的
名词campaign与launch之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。]
5．posted [考查非谓语动词。句意：网上发布的一段视频显示，下午1点左右，三名游客
(两女一男)正在长城八达岭段的墙上涂鸦。句中有谓语动词show，post“发布”是非谓语作
后置定语，post和video是被动关系，用过去分词。]
6．to witness [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处用作定语，因其所修饰的名词前
有最高级修饰，所以应用不定式作定语。]
7．to make; based [考查非谓语动词。句意：弗洛伊德是最早对思维进行认真研究的科学
家之一。思维是大脑活动的集合，涉及我们的行动，思维，感觉和推理方式。分析句子结
构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词。由空前的the first可知，应用动词不定式作定语，故填to
make; 第二空格base与activities之间为被动关系， 故用过去分词作定语。]
8．to make [考查非谓语动词。句意：Vinnie通过强调她以前做过的繁重的劳动来证实她
制作全身塑像的能力。抽象名词ability后常用不定式作后置定语。]
9．to wipe [考查非谓语动词。句意：如果人类不采取措施阻止COVID－19的传播，
COVID－19有可能消灭各种类人猿。表示“有可能做某事”为have the potential to do sth，
所以空处为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰potential。]妙法4 非谓语动词作状语——逻辑关系法
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1. On the last day of our week－long stay，we
were invited to attend a private concert on a 句子的主语是分词动作的发
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the 出者，就用动词－ing形式
1.动词－ing stars，____________ (listen) to musicians and (doing)：
形式作 meeting interesting locals. (1)表伴随、时间或条件等要
状语 2． Music has no obvious adaptive function, 用现在分词；
____________ (make) scientists who study (2)自然而然的结果用现在分
music wonder what forces originally gave rise to 词。
it.
3.____________ (compare) with today’s best
supercomputers, Jiuzhang can calculate 100，
2.动词－ed 句子的主语是分词动作的承
000 billion times faster.
形式作 受者，则要用动词－ed形式
4．____________(follow) by a wedding
状语 (done)。
photographer, the couple made a surprise visit to
the hospital before heading to the reception.
(1)不定式可以用作目的状
5.Due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus
语。
pneumonia (NCP), people all over the world are
(2)only to do sth为不定式作
wearing masks ____________ (reduce) the risk
结果状语，表示出乎意料的
of infection.
结果。
6．He got up early and hurried to the bus station,
(3)形容词或动词－ed形式作
only ____________ (find) the early train had
表语时，后接不定式作状
3.不定式 gone.
语。常见词有：happy, lucky,
作状语 7．Modern methods of tracking polar bear
anxious, proud, disappointed,
populations have been employed only since the
surprised, delighted, foolish,
mid－1980s，and are expensive ____________
pleased, fortunate等。
(perform) consistently over a large area.
(4)牢记“主语＋系动词＋表
8．The government encourages farmers to grow
语(形容词)＋to do”句式，不
corn instead of rice
定式的主动形式表示被动意
________________(improve) water quality.
义。
答案
1．listening [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and后面
的现在分词meeting并列，主语we与listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。]2．making [考查非谓语动词。句意：音乐没有明显的适应功能，这使得研究音乐的科学
家们想知道是什么力量最初导致了音乐的产生。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓
语动词形式，与上文整个句子构成主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作结果状语。]
3．Compared [考查非谓语动词。句意：与当今最好的超级计算机相比，九章的计算速度
快了10万亿倍。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“calculate”且句中无连词，故应用
compare的非谓语动词，主语Jiuzhang与compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分
词作状语。]
4．Followed [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词made，逻辑主
语the couple与follow之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。]
5．to reduce [考查非谓语动词。句意：由于新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发，世界各地的人们都
戴口罩，以降低感染风险。分析句子结构可知reduce在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作
目的状语应用不定式。]
6．to find [考查非谓语动词。find是意料之外的结果，故应用动词不定式作状语。]
7．to perform [考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，用不定式
的主动形式表示被动含义。]
8．to improve [考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提高水的质量，政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不
是水稻。此处为不定式作目的状语。]
妙法5 非谓语动词作宾补——固定搭配法
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.Something significant is happening to the
world population—it is aging.The median (中
位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30 常用不定式作宾语补足语的
1.不定式作 —today it is 41 and is expected 动词有tell, order, allow,
宾语补 ____________(increase) to 42 by 2050. permit, enable, persuade, force,
足语 2．What the scientists did on Chang’e－5 warn, encourage, inspire,
paid off at last, which inspires more and more expect等。
Chinese people ____________ (devote)
themselves to further space research.
3.I need a new passport so I will have to have
my photograph ____________(take)． ·have sb/sth doing让某人/某
2.have的固 4．During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the 物一直做
定用法 enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin ·have sth done让某事被做
Shihuang had all walls ____________ (join) ·have sb do sth让某人做某事
up.
5.They make great gifts and you see them (1)动词－ing形式作宾语补足
3.分词作宾
many times ____________(decorate)with red
语表示主动、进行；
语补足语
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
(2)动词－ed形式作宾语补足6．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ改编)Instead, one
activist, dressed in a full－body monkey suit, 语表示被动、完成；
had arrived with a sign ____________ 常用动词－ed形式作宾语补
(praise) the filmmakers . 足语的动词有have, make,
7．At the party, the pretty girl wore a very get, find, see, notice, watch,
attractive skirt to make herself hear, feel, want, like等。
____________(notice)．
答案
1．to increase [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is expected，且空格
处不作并列谓语，故此处应用非谓语动词。be expected to do sth “被期望做某事”是固定用
法，不定式作宾语补足语。]
2．to devote [考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们在嫦娥五号上所做的最终得到了回报，它
激励着越来越多的中国人致力于进一步的太空研究。结合句意表示“激励某人做某事”可
知短语为inspire sb to do sth。]
3．taken [考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张相片。宾语my
photograph与take之间为被动关系，have sth done “让某事被做”为固定用法，因此用过去
分词作宾语补足语。]
4．joined [考查非谓语动词。句意：在秦朝时，为了御敌于国门之外，秦始皇下令将所有
的城墙修筑起来。宾语all walls与had之间为被动关系，have sth done “让某事被做”为固
定用法，因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。]
5．decorated [考查非谓语动词。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为
被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。]
6．praising [考查非谓语动词。a sign作介词with的宾语，sign与praise之间为主谓关系，
故用现在分词作宾语补足语。]
7．noticed [考查非谓语动词。句意：在晚会上，那个漂亮的女孩穿了一条很吸引人的裙
子以引起注意。make sb done“使某人被……”，为固定用法，故用过去分词作宾语补足
语。]
精做高考真题
1、（2022·全国新高考II卷）
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging
from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-
metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___1___ (fall) child.Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the
hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___2___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the
accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___3___
(sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the
balcony, and climbed up ___4___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___5___ (accidental )
slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___6___ screamed for his father,
but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___7___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging
from the balcony. He quickly ___8___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___9___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___10___ to thank
him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
2、（2021·全国·高考乙卷）
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is
different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___11___ (educate)
about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often
provides money for conservation and benefits the ___12___(develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___13___(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was
not widely accepted as a travel concept ___14___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing
environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___15___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,
various types ___16___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-
friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___17___(visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___18___(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of
its unique biodiversity.___19___(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and
accommodations aim _____20_____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
3、（2020·浙江·高考真题）
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they
lived ___21___ ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on
___22___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and
crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person ___23___ hunting and gathering，so people were
able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food ___24___(need).
Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___25___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people ___26___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
Later，they learned to work with the ___27___ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry
areas， ___28___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ___29___ rise of science，
changes began. New methods _____30_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the
last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial
fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
4、（2020·全国·高考III卷）
In ancient China lived an artist___31___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s
reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he
called all great artists to come and present their ___32___ (fine) work, so that he could choose
the best. The artist was sure he would___33___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to
the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li
River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ___34___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___35___ he asked the
villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled
and ___36___ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___37___
(find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ___38___ (gentle) along the river he
was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white
waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river
and the soft clouds___39___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist
was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____40____ earth, Mother Nature.
5、（2019·全国·高考III卷）
On our way to the house, it was raining ___41___ hard that we couldn’t help wondering
how long it would take ___42___(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___43___ dogs, seven to be exact. They
were well trained by their masters ___44___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___45___(recommend) wonderful places to eat,
shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in
the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an
interesting ___46___(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with
us many ___47___(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ___48___(huge) popular with
tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ___49___(invite) to attend a private concert ona beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ____50____(listen) to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
挑战名校考题
1、（2023届河南省洛、平、许、济四市高三第一次质量检测）
The sharp-eyed dolphin is one creature that we love to love. They have even been known to
perform for whale-watchers or swim playfully with boats of fishermen. The dolphin’s____1____
(able) to please humans has made it one of our favourites in the animal kingdom.
There are many____2____ (example) of dolphins fonning partmerships with people. For
three generations, in Laguna, Brazil, bottle-nosed dolphins have been working with some
fishermen ____3____ (catch) fish. In 2001, another group of fishermen from South Carolina
____4____ (tell) a story of how dolphins protected humans from danger. Their boat sank 50
kilometers from the shore and they found ____5____ (they) surrounded by some dangerous tiger
sharks. Immediately dolphins arrived and began driving____6____ sharks away. They remained
all night and the following day, ____7____ (protect) the fishermen from any sharks.
But while dolphins show such friendliness towards humans, ____8____ (unlucky), humans
don’t return the favour. Pollution and fishing nets are two of the terrible dangers they face. Up to
10,000 dolphins, and their cousins——the porpoises, are killed in the North Atlantic each year
____9____ a result of the fishing industry. Their habitats are destroyed and they are bothered by
noise. We even catch them and keep them in tanks, despite seeing _____10_____ rich these
intelligent creatures’ lives are in the wild.
2、（2023届新疆伊宁联盟高三第四次联考）
The invention of barcodes(条形码)is based on a very simple idea. We only need to give each
product a specific number and print it. Then computers can read it ____11____(direct). We could
simply print the number itself. But this can cause ____12____(problem). For example,an
unclearly ____13____(print)”seven“could look like a”one“to a computer. It’s also true
for”three“and”eight“.And”nine“looks similar to”six“if you turn it upside down.We need a better
way ____14____ printing numbers so that they can ____15____(read)correctly at high speeds.
That’s the problem bar-codes solve.
Each number in a bar-code is shown by seven blocks of the same size. These are colored
either black or white to show the number zero to nine. For example, ____16____ number”one“is
shown in turn by two white stripes(条)，two black stripes，two white stripes，and one black
stripe. Even if you turn it upside down,it ____17____(be)not similar to any other number.
A bar-code includes ____18____(differ)parts and each one provides a specific meaning. The
____19____(one)part of a bar-code tells you the country where the product was made. For
example,690-692 is the bar-code for China. The second part tells you who produced the product.
The final part is about the product itself. This is ____20____ bar-codes work.
3、（2023黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市八校联合体高三上学期期中联考）The late writer Louis Cha is better known by his pen name Jin Yong. He wrote 14 novels.
Most of the novels have been adapted many times ____21____(attract) generations of fans.
Tian Long Ba Bu was again adapted for the eponymous TV series, ____22____ was
broadcast on CCTV-8. Some fans bought the book as a private collection. Known ____23____
helming(执导) a series of ____24____(influence) TV series, Yu Rongguang said he was hooked
on the project for his love of the original novel and fondness for its highlighted Chinese chivalrous
spirit.
“Among all the novels ____25____(write) by Cha, this tale features the most epic scope to
examine how personal ____26____(opportunity) are interwoven with the destiny of their
countries. It also arouses(引起) ____27____ in-depth look into the good and evil sides of
humanity,” Yu said. The more you read Cha’s books, the ____28____(interested) you are.
The 56-episode TV series ____29____(film) in about six months in Southwest China’s
Yunnan Province, _____30_____(gather) a group of young actors, including Yo Yang, Bai Shu
and Zhang Tianyang.
4、（2023届浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市高三11月教学质量检测）
What makes something a sport? Traditional definitions usually included some physical
activity ___31___ shows athletic ability or strength. But some sports can take the form of mental
competitions. For instance, chess ___32___ (recognize)as a sport by the International Olympic
Committee in 1999. Now, some people wonder ___33___ eSports should also be considered
sports.
The word eSports is short for electronic sports. It is ___34___ form of competition in which
professional players or gamers play video games either in teams or individually. ___35___
(typical), the winners receive prize money at the end of the competition.
The first eSports event was the one ___36___ (hold)by Stanford University in the 1970s, for
the game Spacewar! Over the next 30 years, video games exploded in ___37___ (popular). More
and more countries, such as South Korea, China and the United States, started to develop eSports
into an industry. In the 2000s, television broadcasts of the competitions, ___38___ (feature)
games like Street Fighter III, StarCraft, and Counter-strike, became popular. In the 2010s, thanks
___39___ online streaming services, eSports grew rapidly with more worldwide tournaments,
more viewers, and larger ___40___ (prize). In 2020, the industry made more than US$1 billion
for the first time ever.
5、（2023届江苏省淮安市两校（楚州中学、新马中学）高三10月联考）
Born in Jining City, Shandong Province, in 1927, Qiao Yu, ____41____ household name in
China, ____42____ real name was Qiao Qingbao, had a long career spanning seven decades. He
wrote over 1,000songs, and has gained ____43____ (popular) among audiences. He also
published poems ____44____ wrote scripts (剧本) for movies and Chinese operas.
As a child, Qiao Yu, ____45____ (influence) by his father, read books about ____46____
(tradition) Chinese culture and recited Chinese poems. He only started school at the age of ninedue to his family impoverishment.
In 1946, he left his hometown ____47____ (study) at Beifang University, where he began
publishing poems and novels. In 1948, Qiao Yu started to work with Chinese poets, ____48____
(write) and playwrights, such as He Jingzhi and Guang Weiran.
One of his best-known songs is My Motherland, which is considered as an ode (颂歌) to
China. Let Us Sway Twin Oars, also a song by Qiao Yu, ____49____ (publish) in 1955.
____50____ the song achieving a wide success, it is included in the teaching materials for music
classes in Chinese primary and middle schools.
6、（2023湖北省重点高中智学联盟高三10月联考）
In 2014, 40.8 percent of the people in the village of Bianjiang in Guizhou Province
____51____ (be) struggling with poverty. The village, ____52____ (surround) by deep
mountains, was 80 kilometers from Yanhe County. It took villagers four hours ____53____
(make) a round trip to buy daily ____54____ (necessary) outside the village, given that no roads
were ____55____ (access) except for a narrow pass along the cliff’s edge.
As poverty alleviation (扶贫) proceeds and the road system in the village improves,
industries such as fish, chicken farming and growing mums have been developed. Now, a family
of five can earn an average of 10,000 yuan ($1,435) a year through employment and industry
bonuses. China ____56____ (rebuild) 108,000 schools since 2013 to improve compulsory
education in poverty-stricken areas. Over 98 percent of villages have access to optical fiber
communications and 4G technology.
Through the alleviation project, China, home to nearly one ____57____ (five) of the
world’s population, has ____58____ (complete) got rid of extreme poverty, ____59____
(make) an important contribution ____60____ the cause of global poverty alleviation.
7、（广东省2022-2023学年度高三上学期10月大联考）
Citizen science is science for everyone. Specifically, citizen science is when the public
____61____ (voluntary) helps conduct research. Most citizen scientists collect data with tools
provided ____62____ project directors. These data help professional scientists answer
____63____ (science) questions and solve important problems. Anyone can be a citizen scientist.
All it takes is some time, ____64____ (curious), and a sense of wonder.
Why is the term “citizen science” used? Most people and organizations in this field intend
“citizen” ____65____ (mean) a general citizen of the world, not a legally-defined citizen of a
country. When someone mentions “citizen science”, there tends to be ____66____ immediate
understanding of what they’re talking about.
Community science is one particular type of citizen science — one in ____67____ a
community drives the project. In community science, a community may pose the research
question, decide what type of data to collect, or use the results to inform some action. There
____68____ (be) typically a professional scientist or organization that works together with the
community.Another reason is that science is for everyone, no matter whether you ____69____
(participate) in science or not in the past. The citizen science is devoted to making science
inclusive to all and ____70____ (ensure) that every person has the right and the opportunity to
participate in science.
8、（2023届江西省南昌市八一中学等名校高三10月联考）
Invisible ink is fun and exciting to use. You can send secret messages to your friends and
family using ingredients that can ____71____ (find) around the house. There are many
____72____ (difference) solutions (溶液) that you can use as ink and even more options to reveal
the message. Any liquid that is ____73____ (slight) acidic can be used as invisible ink.
____74____ a little bit of heat, you can reveal all of the secrets!
Gather the necessary ____75____ (thing). To make an invisible ink pen, you will need Q-
tips (棉签) or a paintbrush, an acidic solution, a shallow dish or bowl, white paper and a source of
heat. The Q-tips or paintbrushes will be used to do the actual writing. Choose the item
____76____ works the best for you. Any of the ____77____ (follow) can serve as the acidic
solution for the invisible ink: milk, vinegar or lemon juice. The heat source can be a candle, a hair
dryer, an iron or even a lamp.
Pour the acidic solution into a bowl. If you are using a lemon, squeeze (挤出) the lemon until
the juice flows into the bowl. If you are using milk or vinegar, pour about half of a cup into the
bowl. ____78____ exact amount isn’t important. You will only need enough ____79____
(write) your message. Do not use the liquid that you _____80_____ (use) for invisible ink
already for anything else.
9、（2023届辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校高三上学期第一次月考）
Earlier this year, 11-year-old Kashmea Wahi of London, England scored 162 on
____81____ intelligence quotient (IQ) test. That’s a perfect score. Does her high score mean she
will go on to do great things—like Stephen Hawking or Albert Einstein, two of the ____82____
(great) scientists in the world? Maybe. But maybe not.
Every student can learn no matter how intelligent. But some students struggle in school
because of a ____83____ (weak) in one specific area of intelligence. These students often benefit
____84____ special education programs. There, they get extra help in the areas ____85____
they’re struggling. IQ tests can help teachers figure out which students need such extra help. Many
colleges and universities also use exams similar to IQ tests ____86____ (select) students. And
the US government—including its military—uses IQ tests when choosing who to hire.
Most non-experts think intelligence is the reason why successful people do so well.
Psychologists who study intelligence find this is only partly true. IQ tests can predict how well
people will do in particular ____87____ (situation), such as thinking abstractly in science,
engineering or art, or ____88____ (lead) teams of people. But there’s ____89____ (much) tothe story. Extraordinary achievement depends on many factors, such as ambition, opportunity, the
ability to think _____90_____(clear)—even luck. Intelligence matters, but not as much as you
might think.
10、（2023届安徽省皖南八校高三上学期第一次联考）
Tech giant Baidu ____91____ (announce) on Monday that it had obtained permits to
operate fully autonomous taxis without any human ____92____ (assist) on board in two of
China’s megacities (特大城市), marking ____93____ first for the country.
Baidu said it received the regulatory approvals for its autonomous ride-hailing service Apollo
Go to operate on open roads during the daytime in Chongqing and Wuhan. The cities have
populations of some 30 million and 11 million people, ____94____ (respective).
The move represents a notable step forward for Baidu and a potential shift in China’s comfort
with the new technology. In other cities ____95____ the company’s robotaxis operate, Beijing,
Shanghai and Shenzhen ____96____ (include), Baidu is required to have a human safety
operator present in the vehicle.
The permits will allow Baidu ____97____ (provide) fully driverless robotaxi services in
certain areas in Wuhan and in Chongqing. Service will be limited at first, though, with just five
robotaxis ____98____ (operate) then in each city.
In the United States, robotaxi offerings remain limited ____99____ numbers and ride-
hailing giants like Uber and Lyft have abandoned in-house self-driving taxi efforts.
In June, General Motors-backed Cruise gained permits in California to charge a fare for
driverless rides in San Francisco. In July, _____100_____, Reuters reported that the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration opened an investigation into a crash of a Cruise self-
driving vehicle that resulted in minor injuries.
