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专题 19 语法填空之有提示词（解析版）
在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上
下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，
凸显交际性和语境化特征。
有提示词的空处一般考查的是动、名、形、副。
一、有提示词解法思维导图
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动
解题
词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定
攻略
时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while
While running regularly can't make you 引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中
live forever, the review says it ____ 含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作
举例1
(be) more effective at lengthening life says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，
than walking, cycling or swimming. 应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，
应填is。
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中
Diets have changed in China — and so too 缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可
举例2 has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __ 知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知
__ (grow) more corn than rice. 应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填
has grown。
分析：分析句子结构可知，when the
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds
government ____ (start) a soiltesting
that between 2005 — when the
program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，
government ____ (start) a soiltesting
举例3 先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句
program that gives specific fertilizer
中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between
recommendations to farmers — and 2011,
2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
用主动语态，故填started。
2．考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此
解题
时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常
攻略
用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to
You don't have to run fast or for long __
run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可
__ (see) the benefit. You may drink,
知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中
举例4 smoke, be overweight and still reduce
已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动
your risk of ____ (die) early by
词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，
running.
应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
Another reason for corn's rise: The
分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格
government encourages farmers to grow
举例5 处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定
corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water
式to improve，作目的状语。
quality.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动
China's approach to protecting its
词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可
environment while ___ (feed) its citizens
知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状
举例6 “offers useful lessons for agriculture and
语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语
food policymakers worldwide，” says
China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词
the bank's Juergen Voegele.
feeding。
But my connection with pandas goes back 分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词
to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓
when I was the first Western TV reporter 语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，
举例7
____(permit) to film a special unit caring 故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语
for pandas rescued from starvation in the permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故
wild. 填permitted。
3．考查派生词
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动
解题 词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词
攻略 应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副
词。
This switch has decreased __66__
分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动
(pollute) in the country's major lakes and
举例8 词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词
reservoirs and made drinking water safer
pollution。
for people.
This development was only possible with
分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接
举例9 the ___ (introduce) of electricpowered
名词，故填introduction。
engines and lifts.(二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词
解题
所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
攻略
Two of the authors of the review also
分析：分析句子成分可知，from all ___
made a study published in 2014 that
(cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介
举例10 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of
词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填
running reduced the risk of heart disease
其复数形式causes。
and early deaths from all ___ (cause)．
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语
surfaces, do exercises to ____ (strength) 动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形
举例11
your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and 式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短
get good running shoes. 语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。
The Central London Railway was one of 分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可
举例12 the most ____ (success) of these new 知，空处表达最高级意义。故填
lines, and was opened in 1900. successful。
(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词解题 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转
攻略 换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of
分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查
举例13 evidence in a medical journal, runners live
比较级形式，故填longer。
three years ____ (long) than nonrunners.
A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind 分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状
举例14 the change: An important part of its corn 语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填
is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. actually。
(四)低频考点：提示词为代词
解题 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为
攻略 复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
When the gorillas and I frightened each
分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人
举例15 other, I was just glad to find ___ (they)
称代词的宾格形式，即them。
alive.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-
分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰
举例16 monthold twin that had been rejected by
mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。
__68__ (it) mother.
二、高考真题分项演练
一、2022年高考真题
1. 【2022新高考I卷】
The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and
__________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案：eventually
解析：考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野
生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填
eventually。
2. 【2022全国乙卷】
“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the __ largest _ (large) tea-producing
country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of
the tea industry.
答案： responsibility
解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其
他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
解析： 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野
生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)
的复数的形式。故填populations。
3. 【2022全国乙卷】
,
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony opening _____ _____
(it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
答案：its
解析：考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真—普
洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
4. 【2022新高考I卷】
__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the
first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。
设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状
语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
5. 【2022新高考I卷】
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many
of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and
reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊
猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，
应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
6. 【2022全国甲卷】
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________
(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案：to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅
行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，
作后置定语。故填to journey。
7. 【2022全国甲卷】
Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided
to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿
越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语
动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
8. 【2022全国甲卷】
He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five
months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回
到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之
间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。9. 【2022全国乙卷】
__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional
activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have
thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：to strengthen; inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共
宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表
达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空：句意：为了加
强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业
人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用
现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
10.【2022年新高考2卷】
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor
apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to
catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
答案：falling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了
1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。
根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该
使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
11.【2022年新高考2卷】
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed
up ___39___ (see) them.
答案：to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把
椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他
要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
12.【2022新高考I卷】
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,
答案：were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的
大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语
从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”
可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。13.【2022新高考I卷】
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to
reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving
biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future
generations”.
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生
物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句
子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动
语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
14.【2022年浙江卷1月】
But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances
to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the
climate change crisis.
答案：are；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程
参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句
意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并
列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
15.【2022全国甲卷】
Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).
答案：meaningful
解析：考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词
meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
16.【2022全国甲卷】
...and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain.
答案：highest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞
力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，
应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
17.【2022全国乙卷】“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _________ (large) tea-producing
country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea
industry.
答案：largest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有
责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形
容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
18.【2022年浙江卷1月】
On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________（rough） 200 academics - many of them
climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：roughly
解析：考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200
个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
19.【2022新高考二卷】
On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell
___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
答案：asleep
解析：考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作
表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep
符合句意。故填asleep。
20.【2022新高考二卷】
When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
答案：accidentally
解析：考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处
解析：应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为
accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
21.【2022.6全国甲卷 改错】
The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it.
【答案】将too改为so。
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：这分歧如此尖锐，以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。固定句型“so…
that…”译为“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。故将too改为so。
22.【2022.6全国乙卷 语法填空】___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional
activities on social media,
【答案】To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。考察to do sth在句子中目的状语。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括
在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直
播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To
strengthen。
23.【2022年新高考2卷】
He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
【答案】 how
【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to
do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
二、2021年高考真题
24.【2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空】
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people
then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可
知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。故填
was。
25.【2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空】
After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their
furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的
家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。
26.【2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空】
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面
The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句
句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。27.【2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空】
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知，
应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
28.【2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空】
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown
Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它
开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
29.【2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空】
Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作
发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
30.【2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空】
It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19
and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between
19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一
般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
31.【2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空】
In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主
the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
32.【2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空】
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3 (undoubted)
help you get refreshed!
【答案】undoubtedly【解析】考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空格所填词应该修饰动词help，故应用副词形式。Undoubted 变
副词，直接在词尾加ly。故填undoubtedly。
33.【2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空】
But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5 (astonish).
【答案】 astonished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句中含有 "leave sb./sth. + adj." 结构， 表示 "使……处于某种状态" 。因为
宾语us与动词astonish为被动关系，此处应该过去分词形容词astonished作宾语补足语，说明人的感受，
意为 "感到吃惊的"。故填astonished。
34.【2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空】
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or
just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.
【答案】 daily
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ，修饰routines, 故用形容词，故填daily。
35.【2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空】
After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some
action and what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】 better
【解析】考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中 "than" 可知，应该填写形容词的比较级的形式，故填better。
36.【2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空】
Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【答案】 financial
【解析】考查形容词。空前为动词，空后为名词，故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词aid。因此应使
用finance的形容词形式financial。句意：为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填financial。
37.【2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空】
When the house was built, it was much 4 (small) than it is today.
【答案】smaller
【解析】考查形容词的比较级，句中有than这个提示词，much修饰比较级。句意：当房子建好时，它比
现在要小得多。
38.【2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空】
But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed
8 (sharp).【答案】sharply
【解析】考查副词。句意：30年后，很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可知the
BMI difference… had narrowed (sharp). 修饰动词narrow要用副词，故答案为 sharply。
39.【2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空】
This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including 10 (low) levels
of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】lower
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：乡下的人条件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高的健康食物
花销和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知levels of income and education与higher costs of healthy foods,
and fewer sports facilities. 是并列关系，前后结构要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容词比较级，故
答案为lower。
40.【2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空】
It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate) about the areas—
both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation
and benefits the development of the local areas.
【答案】educated
【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据空前为become可知，空格处所填词应作become的表语。句意：这与传
统的旅游业不同，因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated。
41.【2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空】
The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故
填humans。
42.【2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空】
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to take
pictures...
【答案】watchtowers
【解析】考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以
空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
43.【2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空】.
9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim to have a low
impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities
【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复
数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
44.【2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空】
It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between
19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】person's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为
单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关
系。故答案为person's。
45.【2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空】
In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 (marry)
ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser
于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
46.【2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空】
It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in
terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and
benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
【答案】development
【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当
地地区的发展有益。故填development。
47.【2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空】
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and
offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系，所以此处应该填现
在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
48.【2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空】
It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
49.【2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空】
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some
action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。
50.【2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空】
Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介
词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。
51.【2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空】
Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low
impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do
sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影
响。故填to have。
二、高考真题综合演练
一、2022年高考真题
1．【2022年新高考2卷】
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-
floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his
arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors
say he'll be OK.
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs.
Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and
climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the
edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___41___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the
balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】
36. falling 41. and
37. The 42. was fixing
38. asleep threw
39. to see 44. son's
accidentally 45. how
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下
来的小孩Eric的故事。
【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100
米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使
用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行
的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
【37题详解】考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处
要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时
该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。
【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该
填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡
的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过
来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。
根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to
see。
【40题详解】考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子
结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为
accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
【41题详解】考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根
据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故
填and。
【42题详解】考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓
语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过
去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43题详解】考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的
and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填
threw。
【44题详解】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是
所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
【45题详解】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特
殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
2．【2022年全国乙卷】
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United
Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese
Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a
main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___ (large) tea-producing country,
China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea
industry. It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for
people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___67___ cultural
exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the
initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional
activities on social media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-
six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
,
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony opening _____70_____
(it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】
61. by 66. shared
62. the 67. and
63. addressed 68. To strengthen
64. largest 69. inviting
65. responsibility 70. its
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一
系列活动。
【61题详解】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。
根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。
故填by。【62题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一
系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
【63题详解】考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去
时。故填addressed。
【64题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推
动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶
国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
【65题详解】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中
国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填
responsibility。
【66题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来
修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
【67题详解】考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团
结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词
promote的宾语。故填and。
【68题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列
公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此
处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
【69题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列
公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动
词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
【70题详解】考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：
大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
3．【2022年北京卷】
A
Helen was walking down the street late 11 the evening, her arms filled with
grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket.
As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention
12 (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 13 (catch) up with her,
and he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 14
(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we
determine 15 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to
ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 16 (have) no recognisablesmell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we
detect the smell associated with danger.
C
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for 17 (they), they get takeout or order
delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That
includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 18 are only good for one use. That’s a big
problem and it is getting even 19 (bad). The use of those plastics 20
(increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
【答案】
11．in 16. has
12．to harm 17．themselves
13．caught 18．which
14．supported 19．worse
15．whether 20．has increased
4．【2022年1月浙江卷】
Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta ,is one of a small but
growing minority of academics 56 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate
change ,Travelling to conferences ,lectures ,workshops,and the like-frequently by plane 57 (view)as
important for scientists to get together and exchange information .But Cobb and others 58 (be)now
questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and
59 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis . On a
website called No Fly Climate Sci. For example. 60 (rough) 200 academics- many of them climate
scientists 61 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb ,for her part ,started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62 she could do
so remotely ,about three quarters of 63 time,they agreed ,When the answer was no,she declined
the 64 (invite) .That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans
65 (continue) the practice .“It has been fairly rewarding.” she says .”a really positive change”
【答案】
56.who或者 that 61.have promised
57. is viewed／has been viewed 62.whether／if
58．Are 63.the
59. changing 64.invitation
60.roughly 65.to continue
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。一位美国教授为了应对气候变化，积极减少学术活动中的航空旅行，
并充分利用远程科技找到替代方案。
【详解】【56 题详解】who／that 考查定语从句的关系代词。根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少引导定语从句
的关系代词。先行词是academics（大学教师），关系代词在此指人，在定语从句中作主语，故填who或
者 that。
【57 题详解】is viewed／has been viewed 考查谓语动词。句子的主语是作为单数概念的动词-ing 短
语Travelling to...the like，与view是被动关系，句子陈述的是一个客观事实，也可以表示“（至今）一直
被看作／视为...”，故此空可填一般现在时或者现在完成时的被动语态。
【58 题详解】are 考查谓语动词。句子的主语是Cobb and others，根据空白后的now questioning 可
知此处缺少构成现在进行时的助动词are。
【59 题详解】changing 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语 Cobb and others与change之间是主动关系，故
填动词-ing形式changing，changing 与pushing 是并列关系，共同作句子的状语。
【60题详解】roughly 考查词性转换。此处应用副词roughly 修饰数词200，意为“大约”。
【61题详解】have promised 考查谓语动词。句子的主语是复数名词academics，再根据后面的由
since引导的时间状语从句可知，此处应用现在完成时。
【62 题详解】whether／if 考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空白处引导宾语从句，作
ask的宾语，从句不缺少成分，再根据本句末的 they agreed可知，Cobb询问会议举办方她是否能远程演
讲，因此填 whether／if。
【63 题详解】the 考查定冠词表示特指和在固定搭配中的用法。about three-quarters of the time（约四
分之三的情况下）与固定搭配 most of the time（多数情况下）在结构上类似。
【64 题详解】invitation 考查词性转换。此处作declined的宾语，故应用名词invitation。
【65 题详解】to continue 考查非谓语动词。动词句型 plan to do sth 意为“计划做某事”。
二、2021年高考真题
5．【2021.6北京卷A篇】
Why do we dream? Scientists aren't completely sure, and they have diverse 1 (idea). Dreams
might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through
everything 2 happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As
it 3 (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
【答案】
1. ideas ;
2. that ;
3. connects
【解析】
【1 题详解】考查名词复数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。根据句意和本
空前的diverse可知，本空应填名词复数，即ideas。故答案为：ideas。
【2 题详解】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历
与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子成分结构可知，" happened during the day" 为定语从句，先行词为不
定代词everything，且从句缺少主语，所以本空应填that。故答案为：that。【3 题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，
然后你就得到了一个梦。根据后半句谓语动词使用 "turns" 可知，句子为一般现在时。又因为主语it为第
三人称单数，所以本空应填connects。故答案为：connects。
6．【2021.6北京卷B篇】
Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主）, and he live streams himself just going about his day. While
riding his bike home 1 a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the
streets by herself. The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 2 she lived. Sam
walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 3 (safe) wait for the police to take her
home.
【答案】
1. on ;
2. where ;
3. safely
【解析】
【1 题详解】考查时间介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，他骑着自行车回家时，遇到了一位愁眉苦脸
的老妇人独自在街上闲逛。分析句子成分结构可知，本空应填时间介词。又因为表示具体某一天的早、
中、晚时，应使用时间介词on，且本空后接有形容词修饰的night，所以本空应填on。故答案为：on。
【2 题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的女人不能给他任何关于她住在哪里的信息。分析句子
成分结构可知，" she lived" 为宾语从句。连接词在从句中作状语，结合句意，表示居住的位置。故
答案为：where。
【3 题详解】考查词性转换。句意：萨姆陪她走到附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察把
她带回家了。分析句子成分结构可知，本空应填副词修饰动词wait，而safe的副词形式为safely。故答案
为：safely。
7．【2021.6北京卷C篇】
There 1 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20
years, 2 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United
Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 3 (result) in
USD2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show
a critical need 4 (invest) in disaster prevention.
答案
1. has been ;
2. caused ;
3. resulting ;
4. to invest
【解析】【1 题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气
事件的数量急剧增加，主要是由全球气温上升造成的。根据 "over the past 20 years" 可知，此处应采用现
在完成时，即have+动词过去分词。又因为本空的主语a dramatic rise为单数，所以助动词使用三单形式
has，be的过去分词形式为been。故答案为：has been。
【2 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数
量急剧增加，主要是由全球气温上升造成的。句子主谓结构完整，此处应使用非谓语动词作状语。cause与
其逻辑主语a dramatic rise之间为被动关系，应填动词过去分词，即caused。故答案为：caused。
【3 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成
经济损失29.7兆美元。句子主谓结构完整，此处应使用非谓语动词作原因状语，result与其逻辑主语
disasters为主动关系，应使用动词现在分词，即resulting。故答案为：resulting。
【4 题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。分析句子成分结构可
知，此处为need的定语，非谓语动词作定语，与其逻辑主语间无明显主被动关系时，使用不定式的形式，
所以本空应填to invest。故答案为：to invest。
8．【2021.6新高考2卷】
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay
Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is
food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to
teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a
company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）.
I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____
(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was
so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of
plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I
wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the
airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】
36. seventh 41. harmful
37. thinking 42. excited
38. to educate 43. was
39. which##that 44. representative
40. and 45. the
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。【36题详解】
考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数
词，所以填seventh。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结
构，____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分
词，所以填thinking。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，____3____ (educate)
people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用
塑料。分析句子结构， ____4____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在
从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间
是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹
句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形
式的形容词，所以填excited。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓
语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复
数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作
句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。 特
指“1200个航班的塑料杯”，用定冠词，所以填the。
9．【2021.6全国乙卷】Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact （影响）travel to undisturbed places. It is different from
traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate) about the areas—both in terms of
geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits
the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted
as a travel concept 4 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 6 trips
are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
●Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
●Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
●Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique
biodiversity. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations
aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】educated ; development ; its ; until ; the ; of ; visiting ; financial ; Activities ; to have
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，本文向读者简要介绍了以生态环境为主要景观的旅游起源和特
点。
【解析】
【1 题详解】考查形容词作表语。根据空前为become可知，空格处所填词应作become的表语。句
意：这与传统的旅游业不同，因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated。
【2 题详解】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……
并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。
【3 题详解】 考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的origin一起作has的宾语；同时与空后
的origin构成限定关系，因此应填形容词物主代词。句意：生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运
动。故填its。
【4 题详解】 考查时间介词。根据空前有not可知，此处until与not一起构成固定用法not… until，
意为 "直到……才……" 。句意：直到20世纪80年代后期，它才作为一种旅游概念被广泛接受。故填
until。
【5 题详解】 考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of…一起作to的宾语，构成
the growing popularity of…的固定用法。句意：因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行……。故填
the。
【6 题详解】 考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意：……各种各样的旅行被归类
于生态旅行。故填of。
【7 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动
词。空处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填
visiting。【8 题详解】 考查形容词。空前为动词，空后为名词，故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词
aid。因此应使用finance的形容词形式financial。句意：为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填
financial。
【9 题详解】 考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应
使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
【10 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动
词。aim to do sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环
境有小的影响。故填to have。
10．【2021.1浙江卷】
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（体重指数）across 200 countries the scientists found
that people worldwide are getting heavier 1 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a
healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in women and men. In
cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in
more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But
30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8 (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including 10 (low)
levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】
1. and ; 6. was ;
2. that 或 which ; 7. studied ;
3. person's ; 8. sharply ;
4. is considered ; 9. living ;
5. by ; 10. lower
【解析】文章大意：介绍了一项关于体重指数的研究，描述了不同时期城乡体重指数的差异及其背
后的原因。
【1 题详解】考查连词。句意：科学家人们发现人们越来越胖了，这个现象背后的原因是偏远地区
人们体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is
due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故答案为and。
【2 题详解】考查关系代词。句意：BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分
析句子结构可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internationally
recognized measurement tool的定语从句，先行词为tool, 故答案为that/which。【3 题详解】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高
数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person
是从属关系。故答案为person's。
【4 题详解】考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI
of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且
时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
【5 题详解】考查介词。句意：研究发现1985-2017年间，男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。
increase by+数值表示增长了多少，故答案为by。
【6 题详解】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子
结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
【7 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏
远山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the
countries的定语，动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为 studied。
【8 题详解】考查副词。句意：30年后，很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构
可知the BMI difference… had narrowed (sharp). 修饰动词narrow要用副词，故答案为 sharply。
【9 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可
知 live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系, 故答
案为living。
【10 题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：乡下的人条件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高
的健康食物花销和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知levels of income and education与higher costs of
healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列关系，前后结构要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容
词比较级，故答案为lower。
三、2020年高考真题
11．【2020全国3卷】
In ancient China lived an artist 1 paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation had made him
proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait（画像） done so he called all great artists to come and
present their 2 （ fine ） work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he
would 3 （choose）, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man
laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist
in the world.
Filled with 4 （curious）, the artist packed his bags and left. 5 he asked the villagers on the banks
of the river where he could find the legendary（传奇的） artist, they smiled and 6 （point）down the river.
The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7 （find）the well-known painter. As the small boat
moved, 8 （gentle）along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the
water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists risingfrom the river and the soft clouds 9 （surround）the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was
finally humbled（谦卑） by the greatest artist 10 earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】：
1. whose ; 5. When 或 As ; 8. gently ;
2. finest ; 6. pointed ; 9. surrounding ;
3. be chosen ; 7. to find ; 10. on
4. curiosity ;
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿
智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这
位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
【1 题详解】.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句
修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
【2 题详解】考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都
请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示"最好的"此
处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
【3 题详解】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相
时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be
chosen。
【4 题详解】考查名词，句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词
curiosity作宾语，表示"好奇心"。故填curiosity。
【5 题详解】考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他
们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示"当……时候"，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动
词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
【6 题详解】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，
他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
【7 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结
合句意表示"出发去做某事"短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
【8 题详解】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。
此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示"缓缓地"。故填gently。
【9 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了
眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds （surround）the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，
surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填
surrounding。
【10 题详解】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。
结合句意表示"在世界上"短语为on earth。故填on。
12．【2020北京卷】A篇
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1 （play） a big role in his life.
"My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try, " he said. The first dish Oliver prepared
for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if
you're 2 （luck） enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3 you
can join in when it's possible.
【答案】：
1. plays 或 has played 或 is playing 或 has been playing ;
2. lucky ;
3. if 或 whether
【解析】
【1 题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：他说食物在他的生活中扮演着重要的角色。根据句意可知表
示经常性习惯性的动作，用一般现在时态。主语为 food，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式，故答案：为
plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
【2 题详解】考查形容词做表语。句意：奥利弗说，如果你很幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人，那
就问问他们，如果可能的话，你是否可以加入。luck 名词，幸运，形容词形式为 lucky，故答案：为
lucky。
【3 题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：如果你很幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人，那就问问他们，如
果可能的话，你是否可以加入。根据句意可知表达是否，用 if/whether。
B篇
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 1 （throw） away. It takes
them hundreds of years 2 （break） down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where
larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall
apart 3 countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots
of 4 （country） and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using
them.
【答案】：
1. are thrown ; 3. into 或 to ; 4. countries
2. to break ;
解析：
【1 题详解】考查被动语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在被扔掉之前最多使用几次。结合句意分析可知
动词throw和主语they之间为动宾关系，再根据are used的提示可知使用一般现在时的被动语态。故答
案：为：are thrown。
【2 题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：它们需要几百年才能分解。固定句型：It takes sb some time to
do sth， "花费某人时间做某事" 。it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语。故答案：为：to break。
【3 题详解】考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，袋子会分解成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃
掉其中的一些。动词短语：fall apart into/to pieces， "破碎，倒塌" 。故答案：为：into 或 to。【4 题详解】考查名词复数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻
止人们使用它们。根据lots of的提示可知使用名词的复数形式。故答案：为：countries。
C篇
A piece of stone 1 （find）on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known
as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals 2 （live）alongside
human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They
were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors
were 3 （smart）than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests
otherwise.
【答案】found ; 2. lived 或 had lived 或 had been living ; 3. smarter
【解析】
【1 题详解】考查非谓语动词做定语。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的
人类亲戚，也就是众所周知的尼安德特人，比之前想象的更聪明。find和所修饰的名词 stone 之间为被动
关系，用过去分词做后置定语，故答案：为 found。
【2 题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：尼安德特人在欧洲与人类祖先一起生活了数万年。根据句意
可知是在描述过去的事情，需用一般过去时，并且通过before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. 也可用过去
完成时或过去完成进行时，故答案：为 lived/had lived/had been living。
【3 题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪
明。根据句意可知是形容词的比较级，故答案：为 smarter。
13．【2020.7上海卷】
One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,
000 years 1 it was first invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow 2 (use) mainly in sporting
events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals for food.
In western Asia, another extremely important invention was born—the ability to produce pots. As long as
6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the technique has changed
little since.
Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about 5000 years
ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians used sand, limestone and
sodium carbonate to produce 3 else we would be lost without—glass.
How many things do you lock with a key every day? Doors, cupboards? The car? We really don't think much
about them, 4 we? Well, the first example of a lock and key dates back to 2750 years ago, in Assyria. This is
a lock on a large wooden door in the palace of SargonⅡ.
Another amazing invention, probably 5 (take) by us for granted these days, is the skill of knitting which
first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago. The 6 (early) examples are knitted socks!
Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the 13th
century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in Florence. And,believe it or not, the modern contact lens is 120 years old!
Time flies and we spend a lot of time 7 (check) how much time we have left! This would be
impossible 8 clocks and watches, 9 are all around us: On walls. On our wrists, on our PCs, and even on
our mobiles and iPod's. The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639—1714) in England 330
years ago, and his watch-face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single
dial, 10 (remain) largely unchanged in all that time.
【答案】
1. after ; 6. earliest ;
2. is used ; 7. checking ;
3. something ; 8. without ;
4. do ; 9. which ;
5. taken ; 10. has remained
【解析】 文章大意：本文主要讲述了在人类发展历史中起到重要作用的几项发明。
【1 题详解】考查连词。句意：已知最早的发明之一是弓箭，在它被发明15000年后，至今仍在全
世界使用。根据句意可知，本空应填连词after。故答案为：after。
【2 题详解】 考查被动语态、主谓一致和动词时态。句意：当然，现在弓箭主要用于体育比赛，但
在一些地方，它仍然是一种捕杀动物作为食物的手段。分析句子成分结构可知，本空应采用被动语态。又
根据上下文可知，此处采用一般现在时。又根据第二段第一句 "…the bow and arrow, which is still used …"
可知，本空应填is used。故答案为：is used。
【3 题详解】 考查代词。句意：大约1500年后，腓尼基人用沙子、石灰石和碳酸钠生产了另一种
东西——玻璃。根据句意和本空后的 "else" 可知，本空应填代词something。故答案为：something。
【4 题详解】 考查反义疑问句。句意：我们真的不怎么想他们，不是吗？分析句子成分结构可知，
此处是反义疑问句。反义疑问句，前肯后否，前否后肯，附加部分的时态要和前面陈述句时态保持一致。
根据本空前的 "We really don't think much about them" 可知，本空应填助动词do。故答案为：do。
【5 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：另一项惊人的发明，可能是我们现在理所当然地发明的，是
编织技术，它最早出现在1700年前的罗马帝国。分析句子成分结构可知，本空应填非谓语动词。又根据本
空后的 "by us" 可知，本空应填动词的过去分词，即taken。故答案为：taken。
【6 题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：最早的例子是针织袜！根据句意可知，此处采用形容词最
高级，即earliest。故答案为：earliest。
【7 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：时间过得很快，我们花了很多时间查看我们还剩多少时间！固
定搭配：spend+时间/金钱+doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事，所以本空应填checking。故答案为：
checking。
【8 题详解】 考查介词。句意：如果没有我们身边的钟表，这是不可能的。根据句意可知，本空应
填介词without。故答案为：without。
【9 题详解】 考查定语从句引导词。句意：如果没有我们身边的钟表，这是不可能的。分析句子成
分结构可知， "are all around us" 为非限制性定语从句，先行词 "clocks and watches" 指物且在从句中作主
语，所以本空应填which。故答案为：which。【10 题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：第一块怀表是330年前由英国人托马斯·汤皮恩
(1639-1714)发明的，他的表盘设计——一个表盘上有两根（有时是三根）指针转动——一直基本没有改
变。分析句子成分结构可知，此处的主语为 "his watch-face design" ，所以谓语动词采用单数形式。根据
句末的时间状语 "in all that time" 可知，此处采用现在完成时。故答案为：has remained。
14．【2020.1上海卷】
The Ball Game of Mesoamerica
The sport known simply as the Ball Game was popular across Mesoamerica and played by all the major
civilizations from the Olmecs to the Aztecs. The impressive stone courts became a staple feature of a city's sacred
complex and there were often several playing courts in a single city. 1 it is more than just a game, the event
could have a religious significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican mythology. The contests even
supplied candidates for human sacrifice, for the sport could, quite literally, be a game of life or death.
The game 2 (invent) sometime in the Preclassical Period (2500—100 BCE), probably by the Olmec, and
became a common Mesoamerican-wide feature of the urban landscape by the Classical Period (300—900 CE).
Eventually, the game was even exported to other cultures in North America and the Caribbean.
In Mesoamerican mythology the game is an important element in the story of the Maya gods Hun Hunahpú
and Vucub Hunahpú. The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers
were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) 3 they were challenged to a ball
game. 4 (lose) the game, Hun Hunahpús had his head cut off; a foretaste of 5 would become common
practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game.
In 6 legend, a famous ball game was held at the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan 7 the Aztec king
Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (r. 1502—1520 CE) and the king of Texcoco. The latter 8 (predict) that
Motecuhzoma's kingdom would fall and the game was set-up 9 (establish) the truth of this bold prediction.
Motecuhzoma lost the game and did, of course, lose his kingdom at the hands of the invaders from the Old World.
The story also supports the idea 10 the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination.
【答案】
1. Although 或 Though 或 While ; 6. another ;
2. was invented ; 7. between ;
3. where ; 8. had predicted ;
4. Losing ; 9. to establish ;
5. what ; 10. that
【解析】
【1 题详解】 本文主要讲述了球类运动的起源以及中美洲神话。
考查连词。句意：虽然这不仅仅是一场游戏，但这一事件可能具有宗教意义，并以中美洲神话为特
色。分析句子成分结构可知，前后句表达意思相反，所以本空应填连词although 或 though 或 while。故
答案为：Although/Though/While。【2 题详解】 考查动词时态、主谓一致和被动语态。句意：这个游戏是在前古典时期（公元前
2500-100年）的某个时候发明的。根据本空后的 "in the Preclassical Period (2500—100 BCE)" 可知，句子
采用一般过去时。又因为主语和动词invent之间构成被动语态，所以本空采用被动语态。因为主语the
game为单数，所以此处be动词采用单数形式。故答案为：was invented。
【3 题详解】 考查定语从句引导词。句意：两兄弟吵闹的游戏惹恼了地下世界的众神，两兄弟被诱
骗到西巴尔巴（地下世界） ，在那里他们被挑战一场球赛。分析句子成分结构可知， " they were
challenged to a ball game." 为定语从句修饰先行词 "Xibalba (the underworld)" 。先行词指地点且在主句中作
状语，所以本空应填where。故答案为：where。
【4 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：输掉这场比赛，Hun Hunahpús被砍掉了头。分析句子成分结
构可知，本空应填非谓语动词。又因为主语Hun Hunahpús和动词lose构成主谓关系，所以本空应填现在分
词，即Losing。故答案为：Losing。
【5 题详解】 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：这是对于不幸输了比赛的球员的一种预演。分析句子成
分结构可知， " would become common practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game." 为宾语从句，
本空所填引导词在从句中作主语。再结合句意可知，本空应填what。故答案为：what。
6： 考查形容词。句意：在另一个传说中，阿兹特克国王莫特库祖马·克奥乔津和德克萨斯国王，在
阿兹特克首都特诺奇蒂特兰举行了一场著名的球赛。根据句意可知，本空应填形容词another。故答案为：
another。
7： 考查介词。句意：在另一个传说中，阿兹特克国王莫特库祖马·克奥乔津和德克萨斯国王，在阿
兹特克首都特诺奇蒂特兰举行了一场著名的球赛。根据本空后的 "the Aztec king Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin
(r. 1502—1520 CE) and the king of Texcoco" 可知，本空应填介词between。故答案为：between。
8： 考查动词时态。句意：后者曾预言莫特库佐马的王国会垮台，而这场游戏的目的就是为了证实
这一大胆预言的真实性。根据句意可知，动作predict发生在过去的过去，所以此处采用过去完成时。故答
案为：had predicted。
9： 考查动词不定式。句意：后者曾预言莫特库佐马的王国会垮台，而这场游戏的目的就是为了证
实这一大胆预言的真实性。分析句子成分结构可知，本空应填非谓语动词。又根据句意可知，本空应填动
词不定式作目的状语。故答案为：to establish。
10： 考查同位语从句引导词。句意：这个故事也支持了球类游戏有时被用于占卜的观点。分析句子
成分结构可知， " the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination" 空格后内容不缺成分，用
于说明the idea，为其同位语。所以本空应填同位语从句引导词that。故答案为：that。
三、模拟演练
一、2022模拟演练
1. 【2022·福建省龙岩第一中学一模】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researchers have discovered that people eat more vegetables if the veggies have fancy labels. A research team
from Stanford University found that sales of vegetables increased after they were given other names -- even though
____51____was no difference in the way the vegetables ____52____(prepare). The researchers conducted theirresearch on 600 diners for several ____53____(month) at the university canteen. They labelled all vegetable dishes
in four ____54____(differ) ways each day: basic, healthy restrictive, healthy positive and indulgent 放纵/任性的.
The basic label just listed the vegetable name like corn. The healthy restrictive category used words such
____55____reduced-sodium ( 钠 ) corn. Vitamin-rich corn was used for the healthy positive. And a
____56____(describe) like rich buttery roasted sweet corn was reserved for the indulgent.
Researchers gave diners a wide choice of vegetables to see how effective the ____57____(delicious)
descriptive labels were. They found that making the labels indulgent increased the number of people who chose
____58____(put) the vegetables on their plate, as well as the amount of vegetables ____59____(consume). Diners
chose the indulgent labeling 25 percent more than the basic labeling, 35 percent more than the healthy positive
labeling and 41 percent more than the healthy restrictive option. A researcher said: “Labels really can influence our
sensory experience, affecting _____60_____tasty we think food will be.”
【答案】
52.there 56．description
52．were prepared 57．deliciously
53．months 58．to put
54．different 59．consumed
55．as 60．how
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，如果蔬菜标签花哨，人们会吃更多的蔬菜。标签真的
可以影响我们的感官体验，影响我们对食物味道的看法。
【51 题详解】考查there be句型。句意：斯坦福大学的一个研究小组发现，即使蔬菜的制作方式没
有什么不同，但在取了其他名字后，蔬菜的销量还是增加了。分析句子可知，even though引导的是让步状
语从句，从句为there be句型，表示“有”。故填there。
【52 题详解】考查谓语动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：斯坦福大学的一个研究小组发现，即使
蔬菜的制作方式没有什么不同，但在取了其他名字后，蔬菜的销量还是增加了。分析句子可知，the way后
接的是省略了关系词的限制性定语从句，关系词代替in the way在从句中充当方式状语，所以空处需要填
动词谓语形式，又根据上文conducted可知，空处应用一般过去时，且与主语the vegetables为被动关系，
与其保持复数一致，所以应填were prepared。故填were prepared。
【53 题详解】考查可数名词复数。句意：研究人员在大学食堂对600名就餐者进行了为期数月的研
究。分析句子可知，空处由形容词several修饰，表示“许多的”，所以应填名词复数形式months。故填
months。
【54 题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们每天用四种不同的方式给所有蔬菜贴标签:基本的、健康限制
性的、健康积极的和放纵的。分析句子可知，空处修饰名词ways应用形容词形式different作定语。故填
different。
【55 题详解】考查介词。句意：健康限制性类别使用了诸如低钠玉米这样的词汇。根据下文
reduced-sodium corn可知，这里是在举例，所以空处应填介词as，such as为固定搭配，表示“比如”。故
填as。【56 题详解】考查名词。句意：而像油腻的黄油烤甜玉米这样的描述只留给放纵的人。分析句子可
知，空处由不定冠词修饰，在句中作主语，所以应用名词形式description。故填description。
【57 题详解】考查副词。句意：研究人员给了用餐者大量的蔬菜选择，看看这些描述美味的标签有
多有效。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词descriptive应用副词，所以填deliciously。故填deliciously。
【58 题详解】考查不定式。句意：他们发现，使标签放纵增加了选择把蔬菜放在盘子里的人数，以
及蔬菜的消费量。分析句子可知，choose to do为固定搭配，表示“选择做”，所以空处应填不定式to put
作宾语。故填to put。
【59 题详解】考查过去分词。句意：他们发现，使标签放纵增加了选择把蔬菜放在盘子里的人数，
以及蔬菜的消费量。分析句子可知，空处应填过去分词consumed作后置定语修饰vegetables，表示被动关
系。故填consumed。
【60 题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：一位研究人员说:“标签真的可以影响我们的感官体验，影响我
们对食物味道的看法。”分析句子可知，空处应填连接副词how，在宾语从句中作方式状语，修饰tasty，
此处表示影响我们如何（how）看待食物。故填how。
2. 【2022·江西·南昌十中模拟预测】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At the 138th session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the ____61____(decide) was adopted to
change the Olympic motto (格言) for the first time in history. With the word “together” ____62____(add) to the
phrase “Faster, higher, stronger”, the president of the organization, Thomas Bach, called the incident ____63____
landmark ( 里 程 碑 ) event. The original version of the motto, written by French priest Henri Didon,
____64____(approve) at the first Olympic Congress in 1894. The phrase was so liked by the first President of the
IOC, Pierre de Coubertin, that he decided to make ____65____ the slogan (口号) of the Games. Now the slogan
____66____(complete) sounds like “Faster, higher, stronger—together.” The press officer of the committee, Mark
Adams, explained to reporters the meaning of the idea, ____67____(stress) that an athlete cannot be faster, taller
and stronger without a team around him. The Olympic ____68____(value) lie not only in individual excellence but
also in the environment, the team around the athlete. In the Olympic Games, it is not victory ____69____
participation that matters. Former speed skater Svetlana Zhurova positively assessed the innovation. However, most
of the experts interviewed reacted calmly ____70____ what happened.
【答案】
61．decision 66．66．completely
62． 62．added 67． 67．stressing
63． 63．a 68．68．values
64．64．was approved 69．69．but
65． 65．it 70．70．to
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是国际奥委会(IOC)在第138届会议上决定，要改变奥林匹
克格言，这在历史上是第一次。【61 题详解】考查名词。句意：国际奥委会（IOC）在第138届会议上决定，要改变奥林匹克格
言，这在历史上是第一次。空格处用名词作主语，decide的名词是decision，意为“决定”，由空格后的
was可知，空格处用单数，故填decision。
【62 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在“更快、更高、更强”后面加上了“together”一词，该组
织的总统成员Thomas Bach称此次事件是里程碑式的事件。空格处是with复合结构，“the word
“together””和add(加上)之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填added。
【63 题详解】考查冠词。句意：在“更快、更高、更强”后面加上了“together”一词，该组织的总
统成员Thomas Bach称此次事件是里程碑式的事件。event是可数名词，且此处表泛指，指“一个里程碑事
件”，所以前面需加不定冠词，landmark是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
【64 题详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这句格言的最初版本由法国牧师Henri Didon撰
写，在1894年的第一届奥林匹克大会上获得批准。根据句意可知，“这句格言的最初版本是被批准”，所
以句子用被动语态，且由“in 1894”可知，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即
was/were done，主语“The original version of the motto”是单数，因此空格处是was approved。故填was
approved。
【65 题详解】考查代词。句意：国际奥委会第一任主席顾拜旦非常喜欢这句话，他决定把它作为奥
运会的口号。空格处用it指代前面的“The phrase”，故填it。
【66 题详解】考查副词。句意：现在这个口号听起来完全像“一起更快、更高、更强”。空格处用
副词修饰动词sounds，complete的副词是completely，意为“完全地”，故填completely。
【67 题详解】考查现在分词。句意：委员会的新闻官员Mark Adams向记者解释了这个想法的含
义，强调说，没有团队的支持，运动员不可能更快、更高、更强。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是
explained，空格处用非谓语动词，Mark Adams和stress(强调)之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主
动，故填stressing。
【68 题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：奥林匹克的价值不仅在于个人的卓越，也在于环境和围绕运
动员的团队。本句描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，由空格后的动词原形lie可知，空格处用复数
values，意为“价值”。故填values。
【69 题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：在奥林匹克运动会中，重要的不是胜利，而是参与。not...but...
是固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”，因此空格处用but，故填but。
【70 题详解】考查固定短语和介词。句意：然而，大多数接受采访的专家对发生的事情反应平静。
react to是固定短语，意为“对……做出反应”，因此空格处是介词to，故填to。
3. 【2022·山东省淄博第十一中学二模】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Countless visitors to the Forbidden City are quickly attracted by its architectural splendor. Covering some
7,000 square meters and ___71___(official) known as the Palace Museum, it was home ___72___ royal families
of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Many legends and stories lie behind its red walls and under the golden
___73___(roof).In 2020, when the 600th anniversary of the venue’s ___74___(complete) was marked with an exhibition, an
archaeological project ___75___(launch) in October in the western part of the palace compound. The work has
been relatively low profile, but discoveries may reveal that the Forbidden City was once even more magnificent
___76___ it is today.
___77___(stand) in front of the archaeological site, visitors can easily form a picture of one of the palaces in
the compound based on the bricks and stones. Archaeologists have unearthed four square underground foundations
made from bricks in the early Ming Dynasty. The foundations were used ___78___ (support) columns.
Wu Wei, an archaeologist working at the site, said the 1.6-m-high foundations are about 4.4 meters wide,
making them the biggest column footings ___79___ (find) in archaeological excavations (挖掘) in China. If a
foundation is so huge, just imagine ____80____ grand and tall the column above would be. They may uncover a
splendid construction from the early Ming Dynasty that was much bigger than the existing ones in the Forbidden
City.
【答案】
71．officially 76．than
72．to 77．Standing
73．roofs 78．to support
74．completion 79．found
75．was launched 80．how
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物馆的情况，介绍了其历史以及建筑特点。
【71 题详解】考查副词。句意：它占地约7000平方米，正式名称为故宫博物院，是明清两代皇室
的家。修饰known应用副词officially，作状语。故填officially。
【72 题详解】考查介词。句意：它占地约7000平方米，正式名称为故宫博物院，是明清两代皇室
的家。结合句意表示“是……的家”短语为be home to。故填to。
【73 题详解】考查名词的数。句意：在它的红墙后面和金色的屋顶下有许多传说和故事。roof为可
数名词，此处表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填roofs。
【74 题详解】考查名词。句意：2020年，在故宫建成600周年之际，故宫举办了一场展览，并于10
月在故宫西段启动了一项考古项目。作宾语，表示“完成”应用名词completion，不可数。故填
completion。
【75 题详解】考查时态语态。句意：2020年，在故宫建成600周年之际，故宫举办了一场展览，并
于10月在故宫西段启动了一项考古项目。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文In 2020可知用一般过去时
的被动语态，主语为project，谓语用单数。故填was launched。
【76 题详解】考查比较级。句意：这项工作一直相对低调，但发现可能揭示出紫禁城曾经比今天更
宏伟。根据上文even more magnificent可知表示“比……”应用than。故填than。
【77 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：站在考古遗址前，游客可以很容易地根据这些砖块和石头形
成一个宫殿的画面。分析句子结构可知stand在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语visitors构成主动关
系，故用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Standing。【78 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地基是用来支撑柱子的。结合句意表示“被用来做某事”可
知短语为be used to do sth.。故填to support。
【79 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在该遗址工作的考古学家吴伟表示，1.6米高的地基约4.4米
宽，使它们成为中国考古发掘中发现的最大的柱状地基。此处为make+宾语+宾补结构，the biggest column
footings与find构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填found。
【80 题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：如果一个地基这么大，想象一下上面的柱子会有多雄伟多高。
宾语从句为感叹句，感叹形容词grand and tall应用how。故填how。
4. 【2022·山西临汾·三模】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Ping, a photographer and stylist, has “the magic” to turn dried turnip (萝卜干) ____81____ a beautiful
“flower” used to decorate headdresses.
The 26-year-old found there was no headwear that fitted properly with his studio’s costumes. As ____82____
industrial at major, he decided to make them on his own in 2020. Basically, to craft a headdress there are three
steps. “First, I do a design drawing. Then, I prepare all the materials ____83____ (need) and construct the
framework of the headwear,” Wang said. “The last step is ____84____ (assemble) all materials and paint.”
The basic materials include iron wire, pearls, and fabric, almost all of ____85____ are “waste” from disused
clothes. Among all his work, crafting the headdress has been ____86____ (relative) simple as it only uses several
materials. “I use nail polish to prevent the food from being rotten,” Wang said.
To present the beauty of Chinese headdress, Wang has also learned how to make ancient clothes. Now, he is
making clothing ____87____ (feature) a dragon. “The dragon has thousands of scales in different ____88____
(size). Every single scale should be embroidered with patterns,” Wang said. His work has gained much
____89____ (popular), as people are embracing the growing trend of guochao. Up to now, he _____90_____
(attract) over 150,000 followers.
【答案】
81．into 86．relatively
82．an 87．featuring
83．needed 88．sizes
84．to assemble 89．popularity
85．which 90．has attracted
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了摄影师兼造型师王平将萝卜干制作成头饰，介绍了操作步
骤。
【81．考查介词。句意：摄影师兼造型师王平拥有将干萝卜变成美丽“花”的“魔力”，可以用来
装饰头饰。结合句意表示“把……变成……”短语为turn…into…。故填into。
【82 题详解】考查冠词。句意：作为一名主要的工业人员，他决定在2020年自己制作它们。
industrial表泛指且是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。【83 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，我准备了所有需要的材料，并构建了帽子的框架。分
析句子结构可知need在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语materials构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定
语。故填needed。
【84 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后一步是组装所有的材料和油漆。此处说明主语的内容，
用不定式作表语。故填to assemble。
【85 题详解】考查定语从句。句意：基本材料包括铁丝、珍珠和织物，几乎所有这些都是废弃衣服
的“废物”。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词materials，作介词的宾语，指
物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
【86 题详解】考查副词。句意：在他所有的作品中，头饰的制作相对简单，因为它只使用了几种材
料。修饰形容词simple应用副词relatively，作状语。故填relatively。
【87 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，他正在制作以龙为主题的服装。分析句子结构可知
feature在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clothing构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填
featuring。
【88 题详解】考查名词的数。句意：龙有成千上万不同大小的鳞片。size为可数名词，由different
修饰应用复数形式。故填sizes。
【89 题详解】考查名词。句意：随着“国潮”的流行，他的作品越来越受欢迎。作宾语，表示“流
行”应用名词popularity，不可数。故填popularity。
【90 题详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，他已经吸引了超过15万名粉丝。根据上文Up to now
可知为现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has attracted。
5. 【2022·河北衡水中学模拟预测】
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After ___91___ (enjoy) a museum or an art gallery, people usually visit the souvenir shop to buy a gift to
remember the visit. The souvenirs have history, significance and culture in them.
The latest digital technology is helping museums to be more creative. In October 2021, the Hubei Provincial
Museum ___92___ (issue) 10, 000 digital copies of the sword of Gou Jian, ___93___ famous cultural relic on
display at the museum.
Its popularity can be seen by ___94___ quickly it sold out. Wang Xianfu, head of the museum said all the
copies were sold in just three seconds. Digital collections go beyond the restrictions of time and space, making
museums more open, ___95___ (interest) and modern. It’s a new experience, a ___96___ (combine) of
civilization and modern high-tech.
The popularity of digital cultural relics with the public has resulted ___97___ more museums exploring the
concept. A bird-shaped wine container from the Shang Dynasty, one of the most famous treasures ___98___
(exhibit) in the Henan Provincial Museum, was digitized and sold online in December.
Digitized cultural relics are a new form of cultural creative products. It uses block chain technology ___99___
(generate) a unique certificate through which the product can be sold, collected and used. Together with Alipay, themuseum launched the app “Let’s do archaeology together”, which attracted more than 30 million ____100____
(visit) during the seven-day National Day holiday in 2021.
文章介绍了博物馆的数字版文物的流行。
【91 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在参观完博物馆或美术馆后，人们通常会去纪念品商店买一
件礼物来纪念这次参观。介词After后接动名词，作宾语，故填enjoying。
【92 题详解】考查多长时态。句意：2021年10月，湖北省博物馆发行了展出的著名文物——越王
勾践的佩剑的数字版1万件。根据时间状语“In October 2021”可知，应用一般过去时，故填issued。
【93 题详解】考查冠词。句意同上。此处泛指“一件著名文物”，且famous的发音以辅音音素开
头，应用不定冠词a，故填a。
【94 题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：它的受欢迎程度可以从销售一空的速度上看出来。空处引导宾
语从句，并在从句中作程度状语，应用连接词how，故填how。
【95 题详解】考查形容词。句意：数字收藏跨越了时间和空间的限制，使博物馆更加开放、有趣和
现代。此处缺少形容词与open和modern并列作宾补，修饰物，应用ing结尾的形容词，故填interesting。
【96 题详解】考查名词。句意：这是一种新的体验，是文明和现代高科技的结合。此处缺少名词，
作experience的同位语，a combination of“一种……的结合”，故填combination。
【97 题详解】考查介词。句意：随着数字文物在公众中的流行，越来越多的博物馆开始探索这一理
念。根据句意及空前has resulted可知，此处应用固定result in“导致”，故填in。
【98 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：河南省博物馆展出的一件商代鸟形酒器于去年12月被数字
化并在网上出售，它是河南省博物馆最著名的藏品之一。此处使用非谓语动词，作后置定语，one of the
most famous treasures与exhibit之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动，故填exhibited。
【99 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它使用区块链技术生成一个独特的证书，通过该证书产品可
以被销售、收集和使用。根据句意可知，此处是固搭配use sth to do“使用某物来做某事”，故填to
generate。
【100 题详解】考查名词复数。句意：故宫博物院与支付宝一起推出了“让我们一起考古”应用程
序，在2021年7天国庆假期期间吸引了3000多万游客。根据句意可知，此处应用名词visitor作宾语，由
空前more than 30 million可知，应用名词复数形式，故填visitors。
6. 【2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模】
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shanghai Contemporary Handwriting Academy has been established to give young people a chance to
learn about the “ancient” skills of using pen and ink to communicate, but, more____1____(important) , to learn
how to think.
In recent years, as the “new” technology of using computers and smartphones____2____(take)over society,
students no longer need to learn how to write “ mechanically" and they let their keyboards do the work. For
Chinese students, this has made it____3____(easy) to recognize characters, but has caused problems when it comes
to____4____(write) characters since it can be difficult to remember all the strokes(笔划).Handwriting is____5____important skill that goes beyond communication. Studies have shown that
students____6____use handwriting to take notes in class remember information better—improving their
scores____7____as much as 15 percent. And people who use “longhand(普通书写)”to write____8____(essay) are
able to think more clearly and creatively.
Although Keyboarding has done wonders____9____(make) life more efficient, it is too impersonal.
Handwriting is anything but robotic. Each person's handwriting is unique and conveys an
individual's_____10_____ (personal) and emotion.
【答案】
1．importantly 6．who##that
2．has taken 7．by
3．easier 8．essays
4．writing 9．to make
5．an 10．personality
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过上海当代书法学院的成立引出使用手写对我们生活的必要性
的讨论。
【1 题详解】考查副词。句意：上海当代书法学院成立的目的是让年轻人有机会学习“古老”的用
笔和墨水交流的技巧，但更重要的是，学习如何思考。此处需填副词importantly，修饰后面的整个句子。
故填importantly。
【2 题详解】考查动词时态。句意：近年来，由于使用电脑和智能手机的“新”技术已经接管了社
会，学生们不再需要学习如何“机械地”书写，他们让键盘工作。根据时间状语“In recent years”可知，此
处使用现在完成时，主语为technology，助动词用has。故填has taken。
【3 题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：对于中国学生来说，这使得识别汉字变得更容易，但在书
写汉字时却产生了问题，因为很难记住所有的笔画。空处需填形容词作宾语补足语，因为和后文中“汉子
书写产生了问题”相比较，此处表示“识字是更容易的”，所以需用形容词比较级easier。故填easier。
【4 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于中国学生来说，这使得识别汉字变得更容易，但在书写
汉字时却产生了问题，因为很难记住所有的笔画。when it comes to…为固定句型，表示“当提到……”，
to为介词，后面需要动名词作宾语。故填writing。
【5 题详解】考查冠词。句意：书写是一项重要的技能，它超越了交流。skill是可数名词，此处表
示“一种技能”，且important发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
【6 题详解】考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，在课堂上用手写笔记的学生能更好地记住信息——
他们的分数提高了15%。空处引导定语从句，先行词students，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代
词that/who引导。故填that/who。
【7 题详解】考查介词。句意：研究表明，在课堂上用手写笔记的学生能更好地记住信息——他们
的分数提高了15%。此处表示“提高了”，应用介词by。故填by。
【8 题详解】考查名词。句意：而使用“手写”来写文章的人能够更清晰、更有创造力地思考。
essay为可数名词，结合空后的are可知，此处应填名词复数形式。故填essays。【9 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然键盘已经奇迹般地让生活更有效率，但它太没有人情味
了。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
【10 题详解】考查名词。句意：每个人的笔迹都是独一无二的，传达着每个人的个性和情感。空处
和emotion并列，需填名词作宾语。故填personality。
7. 【2022·云南·一模】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The China-Laos Railway, ___11___ connects Kunming in southwest China’s Yunnan Province with the
Laotian capital, Vientiane, ___12___ (start) operation on Dec 3. 2021. The 1035-kilometer-long railway is a
landmark project and an important part of the Pan-Asian railway network. It will not only benefit the two peoples,
but also ___13___ (significant) improve regional connectivity.
___14___ (locate) southwest of China, Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia and mainly
depends on road, water and air transport for the movement of people and goods. It has long been a dream for the
Lao people to see their country change from a land-locked country ___15___ a “land-linked one”, and the opening
of the new railway is a big step toward turning ___16___ (they) dream into reality.
The new railway will improve Laos’ transportation and promote its tourism as well as agricultural processing
industries. It will also enable Lao businesses to ___17___ (well) fit into regional and global supply chains.
China and Laos have stood together through thick and thin and engaged in mutually beneficial cooperation on
the basis of equality. Besides, China and Laos were the first ___18___ (sign) an agreement based on the Belt and
Road Initiative. The opening of the China-Laos Railway will thus help speed the ___19___ (develop) of the
China-Laos Economic Corridor, and will further advance the building of a China-Laos community with
____20____ shared future.
【答案】
11．which 16．their
12．started 17．better
13．significantly 18．to sign
14．Located 19．development
15．to 20．a
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于
2021年12月3日开始运营，及这条铁路对两国的重要意义。
【11 题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路
于2021年12月3日开始运营。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The China-Laos Railway，指物，在
从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
【12 题详解】考查时态。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年
12月3日开始运营。此处缺乏谓语，时间状语为on Dec 3. 2021，谓语动词start用一般过去时。故填
started。【13 题详解】考查副词。句意：它不仅将造福于两国人民，还将显著改善地区连通性。用副词
significantly (显著地)作状语修饰动词improve。故填significantly。
【14 题详解】考查过去分词。句意：老挝位于中国西南部，是东南亚唯一的内陆国家，主要依靠公
路、水路和航空运输运送人员和货物。本句已有系动词is且无连词，动词locate用非谓语形式，逻辑主语
Laos与动词locate是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作状语，首字母大写。故填Located。
【15 题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转
变为一个“与土地相连的国家”，而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。固定搭配change
from...to... (从……变成……)。故填to。
【16 题详解】考查代词。句意：老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转变为
一个“与土地相连的国家”，而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。用形容词性物主代词their作定
语修饰名词dream。故填their。
【17 题详解】考查副词比较级。句意：它还将使老挝企业更好地融入区域和全球供应链。此处讲新
铁路带来的好处，这个好处是相对于以前情况而讲的，用副词比较级better作状语，修饰动词短语fit
into。故填better。
【18 题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：此外，中国和老挝是第一个基于“一带一路”倡议签署协议
的国家。the +序数词+（名词）+动词不定式，sign用动词不定式做后置定语。故填to sign。
【19 题详解】考查名词。句意：因此，中老铁路的开通将有助于加快中老经济走廊的发展，并将进
一步推动建设一个有着共同未来的中老共同体。用抽象名词development做动词speed的宾语。故填
development。
【20 题详解】考查冠词。句意：因此，中老铁路的开通将有助于加快中老经济走廊的发展，并将进
一步推动建设一个有着共同未来的中老共同体。此处泛指“一个共同的未来”，shared以辅音音素开头，
用不定冠词a。故填a。
8. 【2022·陕西省榆林中学二模】
Youths in East Asia are now embracing a new philosophy they’ve called “tang ping”, or “lying flat”. The
phrase ____21____ (apparent) traces its origins to a post earlier this year in an online forum run by the Chinese
search giant Baidu. The author suggested that instead of working one’s entire life chasing after an apartment and
traditional family ____22____ (value), people should pursue a simple life. ____23____ other words, just “lie
flat”.
Talk of “lying flat” has spread rapidly through China as young people fight with intense competition for the
most ____24____ (attract) jobs, especially in tech and other white collar fields. Many tech firms ____25____
startups demand of people to work nearly double—or more —the number of hours in ____26____ typical work
week.
This type of phenomenon, though, isn’t limited to China. Across East Asia, young people say they’ve become
exhausted by the prospect of working hard for seemingly little reward. In the Republic of Korea, young people are
giving up on ____27____ (marry) and home owner-ship. In Japan, they are so pessimistic about the country’s
future ____28____ they are avoiding material possessions.“Young people ____29____ (wear) out,” said Lim Woon-taek, a professor of sociology at Keimyung
University in the Republic of Korea. “They don’t know why they have to work so hard.” As more young people
grow frustrated with pressure, they say they want to give up conventional rites of passage, such as _____30_____
(get) married or having children. But life itself is a process of fighting, gaining and enjoying. This philosophy does
no good to our society.
【答案】
21．apparently 26．a
22．values 27．marriage
23．In 28．that
24．attractive 29．are worn
25．and 30．getting
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了东亚地区的年轻人，由于面临的巨大的社会压力，许多
人开始接受一种被称为“躺平”的新哲学。
【21 题详解】考查副词。句意：这个词显然可以追溯到今年早些时候，中国搜索巨头百度在一个在
线论坛上发布的一个帖子。分析句子成分可知，trace为句子谓语动词，意为“追溯”，所以这里用副词来
修饰动词，做状语。故填apparently。
【22 题详解】考查名词。句意：帖子的作者建议，与其为了追求一套房子和传统的家庭价值观而工
作一辈子，不如追求简单的生活。“value”意为“价值观”时，为可数名词，所以这里用其复数形式。故
填values。
【23 题详解】考查介词。句意：换句话说，就是“躺平”。根据固定搭配“in other words” 意为
“换句话说”，所以这里应填介词in；又因放在句首，所以首字母要大写。故填In。
【24 题详解】考查形容词。句意：“躺平”的说法在中国迅速传播开来，因为年轻人为了最具吸引
力的工作竞争非常激烈，尤其是在科技和其他白领领域。根据后文的名词“job”可知，此空应填一个形容
词做定语；又因前文的“the most”可知，应填其原级形式。故填attractive。
【25 题详解】考查连词。句意：许多科技公司和初创公司都要求员工每周工作时间要高出正常的工
作时长的一倍或者更多。分析句子成分可知，“demand of”在句中做谓语动词， “tech firms”和“startups”
是并列成分，都是名词，在句中一起做主语。故填and。
【26 题详解】考查冠词。句意：许多科技公司和初创公司都要求员工每周工作时间要高出正常的工
作时长的一倍或者更多。根据后文的“work week”意为“工作周”可知，此处应填不定冠词，表泛指。故
填a。
【27 题详解】考查名词。句意：在韩国，年轻人正在放弃婚姻和住房。根据前文的“giving up on”
可知，此空应填名词做介词on的宾语。故填marriage。
【28 题详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：在日本，他们对国家的未来如此悲观，以至于他们不追求
物质财富。根据固定句型“so…that”意为“如此…以至于”可知，此空应填连词that，构成结果状语从
句。故填that。【29 题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：“年轻人疲惫不堪”，韩国启明大学的社会学教授Lim
Woon-taek说。根据固定短语“sb. be worn out”意为“使某人疲惫不堪”，即sb和wear out之间是被动关
系；因主语为Young people，时态为一般现在时，所以此空应填一般现在时的被动语态。故填are worn。
【30 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着越来越多的年轻人对压力感到沮丧，他们表示，他们不
再想过传统的结婚或生孩子的生活。根据前文的“such as”和后文的“having”可知，此空应填其动名词形
式。故填getting。
9. 【2022·上海·模拟预测】
The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young
people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popular-held image of unhappy teenagers
____31____ (lock) in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious
than it has ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just____32____ positive today＇s young people seem to
be about their families, said one member of the research team. “They’re expected to be rebellious and selfish but
actually they have other things on their minds: They want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether
school is serving them well. There’s ____33____(much) negotiation and discussion between parents and children,
and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat.
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago____34____(treat)
their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,＂says 1-year-
old Daniel Lazall.“I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. ____35____ they know what I’m doing,
they’re fine with it.” Susan Crome, who is now 21,agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot
of____36____ you could call negotiation. For example, if I ____37____(do) all my homework, I could go out on
a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage
rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments, “Our surprise____38____ teenagers say they get along
well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history ____39____ teenagers were regarded
as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents mainly happened during that
one time in the1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change
from helping out with the family business to_____40_____(take) it over.”
【答案】
31．locked 36．what
32．how 37．had done
33．more 38．that
34．to treat 39．when
35．As long as 40．taking
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项关于青少年态度的重要新研究令人惊讶地表明，他们的家庭生活比
以往任何时候都更加和谐。这一代的父母似乎比30年前的父母更有可能把他们的孩子当作朋友。【31 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但现在，似乎有五分之四的年轻人与父母相处得很好，这与
人们普遍认为的青少年在无休止的家庭争吵后将自己关在房间里的形象正好相反。分析句子结构可知lock
在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语teenagers构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填locked。
【32 题详解】考查感叹句。句意：研究小组的一位成员说：“现在的年轻人对他们的家庭持积极态
度，这让我们感到惊讶。”此处为感叹句，感叹后文形容词positive应用how。故填how。
【33 题详解】考查比较级。句意：父母和孩子之间有更多的协商和讨论，孩子们希望参与到家庭决
策的过程中。结合句意表示“更多的”应用much的比较级形式。故填more。
【34 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，这一代的父母似乎比30年前的父母更有可能把他们
的孩子当作朋友。结合句意表示“有可能做某事”短语为be likely to do sth.。故填to treat。
【35 题详解】考查状语从句。句意：只要他们知道我在做什么，他们就不会介意。引导条件状语从
句，表示“只要”应用as long as，句首单词首字母要大写。故填As long as。
【36 题详解】考查主语从句。句意：回顾过去的10年，有很多你可以称之为谈判的事情。引导主
语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事情应用what。故填what。
【37 题详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：例如，如果我做完了我所有的家庭作业，我可以在星期六晚上
出去。此处与过去事实相反：主句用would (should, could, might) +have+过去分词，从句用过去完成时。故
填had done。
【38 题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：青少年说他们和父母相处得很好，这让我们感到惊讶，因为
在我们的社会历史上，青少年被视为不同的人。surprise后跟同位语从句，说明surprise的内容，从句不缺
少成分，句意完整，故用只起连接作用的that。故填that。
【39 题详解】考查定语从句。句意：青少年说他们和父母相处得很好，这让我们感到惊讶，因为在
我们的社会历史上，青少年被视为不同的人。此处为定语从句修饰先行词period，先行词在从句中作时间
状语，故用关系副词when。故填when。
【40 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：纵观历史，通常的情况是从帮助家族企业到接管家族企业的
平稳转变。作介词to的宾语，take应用动名词形式。故填taking。
10. 【2022·河南·模拟预测】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was estimated that around 1.2 million tons of artificial snow were produced for the 2022 Beijing Winter
Olympics ___41___ (hold) in February this year. Previous games had seen people using artificial snow to create
the ___42___ (condition) needed to host the competitions. Undoubtedly, this was another major use of
technological advancements in sports.
The first time people used artificial snow to host a competition ___43___ (be) back in 1980. The 2014 Sochi
Olympics used 80% artificial snow, ___44___ later rose to 90% at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics.
However, this year’s competition had 100% artificial snow made for the Games.
The two snowboarding venues were Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, A nearly reservoir (水库) was the direct
resource center for making snow. Water mist was sprayed ___45___ the air ,which was then crystallized (结晶)the snow with the ___46___ (freeze) air temperature. Ships from ___47___ Italy company delivered the
equipment back in 2019 as they did not want any delay.
However, with huge amounts of water to use, it raised different ___48___ (environment) concerns.
Accordingly different measures ___49___ (introduce) to solve these issues. This game adopted water
____50____ (conserve) and used other recycling materials to ensure the ecosystem was well protected. This was a
great approach, as sporting fans could enjoy such a great Olympics.
【答案】
41．held 46．freezing
42．conditions 47．an
43．was 48．environmental
44．which 49．were introduced
45．into 50．conservation
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2022年北京冬奥会使用了人工造雪技术及人工造雪技术
的原理。
【41 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据估计，为今年2月举行的2022年北京冬奥会生产了约120
万吨人造雪。分析句子可知，“that”引导的从句中有谓语动词“were produced”，空格处应用非谓语动词，
“2022 Beijing Winter Olympics”与“hold”为逻辑上的动宾关系，空格处应用“hold”的过去分词“held”作后
置定语。故填held。
【42 题详解】考查名词。句意：在之前的奥运会上，人们曾使用人造雪来创造举办比赛所需的条
件。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作“create”的宾语，“condition”意为“条件”，为可数名词，根据
句意可知，创造的条件不止一个，应用“condition”的复数形式“conditions”。故填conditions。
【43 题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人们第一次用人造雪来举办比赛是在1980年。根据句
意和句中“in 1980”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，句子主语为“The first time”，应
用“was”。故填was。
【44 题详解】考查定语从句。句意：2014年索契冬奥会使用了80%的人工雪，后来在2018年平昌
冬奥会上，人工雪的使用率上升到90%。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“artificial
snow”，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词“which”引导从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填
which。
【45 题详解】考查固定短语。句意：水雾被喷射到空气中，然后在极冷的气温下结晶成雪。分析句
子可知，句中涉及固定短语“spray into…”，意为“喷入……”，空格处应用介词“into”。故填into。
【46 题详解】考查形容词。句意：水雾被喷射到空气中，然后在极冷的气温下结晶成雪。分析句子
可知，句中“air temperature”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“freeze”意为“（使）结冰”，动词词性，
“freezing”意为“极冷的，冰冻的”，形容词词性，作定语。故填freezing。
【47 题详解】考查冠词。句意：一家意大利公司的船只在2019年交付了这些设备，因为他们不希
望有任何延误。分析句子可知，句中泛指一家意大利公司，空格处应用不定冠词修饰，“Italy”音标的第一
个音素为元音音素，应用不定冠词“an”。故填an。【48 题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，由于要使用大量的水，它引发了不同的环境方面的顾虑。
分析句子可知，句中“concerns”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“environment”意为“环境”，名词词
性，对应的形容词为“environmental”，意为“环境的”，作定语。故填environmental。
【49 题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：因此，采取了不同的措施来解决这些问题。根据句意和上文
“raised”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“introduce”意为“采用，采取”，句子主
语“measures”与“introduce”之间为被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，“measures”与“were”连
用，“introduce”的过去分词为“introduced”。故填were introduced。
【50 题详解】考查名词。句意：这次比赛采用了节水措施和其他回收材料，以确保生态系统得到很
好的保护。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作“adopted”的宾语，“conserve”意为“保存，节约”，动
词词性，对应的名词为“conservation”，意为“保存，避免浪费”，为不可数名词。故填conservation。
11. 【2022·重庆·一模】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese workers once demonstrated their great efficiency in 2018. ___51___ (incredible), around 1,500
workers spent just nine hours ___52___(complete) the construction of a new train station in Fujian Province,
southern China. Seven trains and 23 diggers were used ___53___(assist) the massive project.
A video ___54___(release) on the Internet showed how the construction workers connected three major
railroads with the new Nanlong Railway. They also set up the traffic signals and ___55___ series of traffic
monitoring equipment.
The construction took place at the Nanlong Railway Station in the city of Longyan. It began on January 19 and
finished ___56___ the early morning of January 20. The project was completed so quickly because the workers
had been arranged into seven units to undertake different ___57___(task) at the same time.
Measuring 246 kilometres in ___58___(long), the new Nanlong Railway is a main transport link between
south-east China and ___59___(center) China. It supports trains ____60____ operate at a maximum speed of
200kph.
【答案】
51．Incredibly 56．on
52．completing 57．tasks
53．to assist 58．length
54．released 59．central
55．a 60．that##which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新南龙铁路建造的过程和意义。
【51 题详解】考查副词。句意：令人难以置信的是，大约1500名工人只花了9个小时就在中国南部
福建省完成了一座新火车站的建设。用副词incredibly (难以置信地)作状语，修饰后面整个句子，首字母大
写。故填Incredibly。【52 题详解】考查动名词。句意：令人难以置信的是，大约1500名工人只花了9个小时就在中国南
部福建省完成了一座新火车站的建设。固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth. (花时间做某事)，complete用动名
词形式作宾语。故填completing。
【53 题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：7列火车和23台挖掘机被用来协助这项庞大的工程。固定搭
配be used to do…(被用来做……)，assist用动词不定式形式。故填to assist。
【54 题详解】考查过去分词。句意：互联网上发布的一段视频显示了建筑工人如何将三条主要铁路
与新南龙铁路连接起来。主句已有谓语showed且无连词，动词release用非谓语形式，逻辑主语A video与
动词release是动宾关系，release用过去分词表被动，作后置定语修饰名词短语A video。故填released。
【55 题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他们还设置了交通信号和一系列交通监控设备。固定搭配a
series of (一系列)。故填a。
【56 题详解】考查介词。句意：从1月19日开始，到1月20日凌晨结束。on +具体时间，the early
morning of January 20是具体时间，用介词on。故填on。
【57 题详解】考查名词复数。句意：这项工程之所以完成得如此之快，是因为工人们被安排到七个
单位，同时承担不同的任务。结合different可知，此处不止一项任务，用名词task的复数形式。故填
tasks。
【58 题详解】考查名词。句意：新南龙铁路全长246公里，是连接中国东南部和中部的主要交通枢
纽。介词in后接名词形式，in length (长度)。故填length。
【59 题详解】考查形容词。句意：新南龙铁路全长246公里，是连接中国东南部和中部的主要交通
枢纽。用形容词central作定语，修饰名词China。故填central。
【60 题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：它支持最高时速为200公里的列车。此处是定语从句，
先行词为trains，指物，在定语从句中充当主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
12. 【2022·四川师范大学附属中学二模】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and
___61___(choose) to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role ___62___ soon realized that
managing her new team would be a challenge.
Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel ___63___(respect) as a leader. Her new staff would question
her proposals openly in meetings, and when she gave them ___64___(instruct), they would often go about it in
their own way without checking with her. When she announced her decisions, they would continue giving their
opinions.
___65___ Gabriela was experiencing was a cultural clash in expectations. She was used to her previous work
environment ___66___ the team leader and manager took control and made decisions. However, in Sweden,
leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged.
When Gabriela became aware of the differences, she had ___67___ open conversation with the team about
their feelings about her leadership. Pleased ___68___(ask) for their thoughts, they expressed they were not used to
being told what to do and that they enjoyed having more room for creative freedom.With a better understanding, Gabriela was then able to make adjustments ___69___ her management style so
as to better fit the expectations of her team and ___70___(effectively) motivate her team to achieve their goals.
【答案】
61．was chosen 66．where
62．but 67．an
63．respected 68．to be asked
64．instructions 69．to
65．What 70．more effectively
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了在一家跨国公司做项目经理的Gabriela，在被调到瑞典管理一个
团队时，是如何克服工作中的挑战的。
【61 题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：Gabriela曾在一家位于巴西的跨国公司工作，是位成功的项
目经理，并被选中管理瑞典的一个团队。句中的and连接动词worked和设空处作并列谓语，由此可知设空
处的时态为一般过去时，动词choose与主语Gabriela之间是动宾关系，因而需用被动语态。故填was
chosen。
【62 题详解】考查连词。句意：她对自己的新职位感到兴奋，但很快意识到管理她的新团队将是一
项挑战。根据句意可知，设空处前后存在转折关系，因而用but连接。故填but。
【63 题详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管他们很友好，但作为一名领导者，Gabriela并没有受到尊
重。系动词feel后需接形容词作表语，表示“受到尊重的”用respected。故填respected。
【64 题详解】考查名词复数。句意：她的新员工会在会议上公开质疑她的建议，当她指示他们如何
完成一项任务时，他们往往会按照自己的方式去做。此处应用名词作直接宾语，instruction意为“指示、
命令、吩咐”时是可数名词，且常用复数形式。故填instructions。
【65 题详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：Gabriela正在经历的事情是预料之中的文化冲突。分析
句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺宾语，根据句意可知应填连接代词what，表示“……的事
情”，位于句首，单词首字母要大写。故填What。
【66 题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：她已经习惯了以前的工作环境，在那里，团队领导和经
理负责并做出决定。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为work environment，在从
句中作地点状语，因而用where引导。故填where。
【67 题详解】考查冠词。句意：当她意识到自己和团队之间存在许多差异时，她与团队成员开诚布
公地讨论了他们对她领导能力的感受。conversation为可数名词，此处表泛指应填不定冠词，open是以元
音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
【68 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：很高兴被问及他们的想法，他们公开表示他们不习惯被告知
要做什么。短语pleased to do sth.表示“乐于做某事”，且此处they与ask构成逻辑被动关系，因而应用to
be done形式表示被动。故填to be asked。
【69 题详解】考查介词。句意：有了更好的了解，Gabriela能够调整自己的管理风格，从而更好地
适应团队的期望，更有效地激励团队实现目标。短语make adjustments to表示“对……进行调整”，设空
处缺少介词to。故填to。【70 题详解】考查副词的比较级。句意：有了更好的了解，Gabriela能够调整自己的管理风格，从
而更好地适应团队的期望，更有效地激励团队实现目标。根据句中的better可知，此处要用副词effectively
的比较级，effectively为多音节词，变比较级在前面加more。故填more effectively。
13. 【2022·江西赣州·一模】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Happiness does not appear to be associated with age, gender, race, or geographical location. Instead, it
____71____ (relate) to the feeling you have when you are self-satisfied. Researchers have found that happy people
tend to be ____72____ (energy), decisive, flexible, creative, and sociable and tend to look at the brighter side of
life, and are more willing to help those in need. Furthermore, happy people have high self-esteem and a sense of
personal control, are optimistic, and enjoy social support—that is, they have a large circle of friends and often
engage in rewarding social ____73____ (activity). An important factor ____74____ (affect) happiness is the
tendency to compare one’s situation with ____75____ of other people. If you feel that you are struggling to make
ends meet while everyone around you ____76____ (appear) to be living in comfort and ____77____ (secure),
you will feel less joy and more stress. Indeed, surveys have shown that perceived wealth matters more than absolute
wealth. ____78____ David G. Myers, a leader of the field of happiness research, points out, “Actual income
doesn’t much influence happiness; how satisfied we are ____79____ our income does. If we’re content with our
income, regardless of how much it is, we’re likely to say we’re happy. _____80_____ (put) it another way,
“Satisfaction isn’t so much getting what you want as wanting what you have”.
【答案】
71．is related 76．appears
72．energetic 77．security
73．activities 78．As
74．affecting 79．with
75．that 80．To put
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释快乐与什么因素有关及原因。
【71 题详解】考查时态及短语。句意：相反，它与你自我满意时的感觉有关。此句描述的是一般事
实，故用一般现在时。根据句意可知，此处考查短语be related to…，表示“与……有关”。主语it是单
数，故填is related。
【72 题详解】考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，快乐的人倾向于精力充沛，果断，灵活，富有创
造力和社交能力，倾向于看到生活中更光明的一面，并且更愿意帮助那些有需要的人。根据句意及句子结
构可知，此处应填形容词energetic，作表语，表示“精力充沛的”，故填energetic。
【73 题详解】考查名词的数。句意：此外，快乐的人有很高的自尊心和自控感，乐观向上，享受社
会支持。也就是说，他们有一个很大的朋友圈，经常从事有益的社交活动。根据句意可知，此处泛指各种
“社交活动”，故用名词复数activities，故填activities。【74 题详解】考查现在分词。句意：影响幸福感的一个重要因素是倾向于将自己的情况与其他人的
情况进行比较。根据句意及句子结构可知，happiness与affect是主谓关系，故用现在分词affecting，作后
置定语，修饰An important factor，故填affecting。
【75 题详解】考查代词。句意：影响幸福感的一个重要因素是倾向于将自己的情况与其他人的情况
进行比较。根据句意可知，此句是将自己的情况与其他人的情况进行比较，此处指同类异物，特指，故用
代词that代替situation，故填that。
【76 题详解】考查时态。句意：如果你觉得你正在努力维持生计，而你周围的每个人都似乎生活在
舒适和安全中，你会感到更少的快乐和更多的压力。分析句子可知，提示词是分句谓语动词，本文的时态
是一般现在时，主语everyone是单数，故其后谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式，故填appears。
【77 题详解】考查名词。句意：如果你觉得你正在努力维持生计，而你周围的每个人都似乎生活在
舒适和安全中，你会感到更少的快乐和更多的压力。根据并列连词and可知，并列成分的词性需一致，故
此处应填名词security作宾语，表示“安全”，故填security。
【78 题详解】考查连词。句意：正如幸福研究领域的领导者David G. Myers所指出的那样，实际收
入对幸福感影响不大。我们对收入的满意度影响幸福感。根据及结构可知，此处应填as，表示“正如”，
引导非限制性定语从句。置于句首，故开头字母大写，故填As。
【79 题详解】考查介词。句意：正如幸福研究领域的领导者David G. Myers所指出的那样，实际收
入对幸福感影响不大。我们对收入的满意度影响幸福感。根据句子结构及句意可知，此处考查短语be
satisfied with，表示“对……满意”，故填with。
【80 题详解】考查不定式及固定搭配。句意：如果我们对自己的收入感到满意，无论它有多少，我
们都可以说我们很快乐。换句话说，满足感与其说是得到你想要的东西，不如说是想要你拥有的东西。根
据句子结构可知，此处表示“换句话说”。置于句首，故开头字母大写，故填To put。
二、2022-2021模拟演练
1. 【广东省珠海市第二中学2021-2022学年高三月考】
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The game of basketball was created by Dr. Naismith, 36 ． Canadian who worked as a physical education
instructor at the Springfield College.
The New England winters were very cold, and the students were 37 ． (willing) to do outdoor activities.
Naismith determined that a fast-moving game 38 ． could be played indoors would fill the empty afternoons after
the baseball and football seasons had ended. First he tried to change outdoor games such as soccer to indoor play,
but he soon found them unsuitable for small 39 ． (area). In December of 1891, Naismith hung two old peach
baskets at either end of the gym at the school, and, using a soccer ball and nine players on each side, 40 ．
(organize) the first basketball game. The early rules allowed three points for each basket and banned 41 ． (run)
with the ball.
Five years later, a championship was 42 ． (success) held in New York City. 43 ． that time, the team had
been reduced to seven players, and five became standard in the 1897 season.44 ． basketball first appeared in the 1904 Olympic Games, it quickly spread throughout the world. In 1906,
a metal ring was used 45 ． (replace) the basket for the first time, but the name basketball has remained.
【答案】
36．a 41．running
37．unwilling 42．successfully
38．which/that 43．By
39．areas 44．When/After
40．organized 45．to replace
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是加拿大人奈史密斯博士发明篮球运动的故事。
【36 题详解】考查冠词。句意：篮球运动是由加拿大人奈史密斯博士发明的，他曾在斯普林菲尔德
学院担任体育教练。Canadian是加拿大人，是可数名词，且表示泛指，因此前面需加不定冠词，Canadian
是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
【37 题详解】考查形容词。句意：新英格兰的冬天非常寒冷，学生们不愿意做户外活动。由“The
New England winters were very cold”可知，新英格兰的冬天非常寒冷，学生们不愿意做户外活动，因此空格
处是“不愿意的”，即unwilling，故填unwilling。
【38 题详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：奈史密斯认为，棒球和足球赛季结束后，一场可以在
室内进行的快节奏比赛可以填补下午的空余时间。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先
行词game是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
【39 题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：起初，他试图将足球等户外运动改为室内运动，但很快发现
这些运动不适合小范围运动。area意为“区域”，是可数名词，前面无冠词，因此空格处用复数，故填
areas。
【40 题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：1891年12月，奈史密斯在学校体育馆的两端挂了两个旧的桃
子篮，用一个足球，两边各有9名队员，组织了第一场篮球比赛。分析可知，空格处和 hung时态并列，
hung是过去式，因此空格处用过去式organized，故填organized。
【41 题详解】考查动名词和固定短语。句意：早期的规则是每个篮筐得三分，禁止带球跑动。ban
doing sth.是固定短语，意为“禁止做某事”，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填running。
【42 题详解】考查副词。句意：五年后，在纽约成功地举办了一次锦标赛。空格处用副词修饰动词
held，success的副词是successfully，意为“成功地”，故填successfully。
【43 题详解】考查介词。句意：到那时前，球队已经缩减到7名球员，在1897年赛季，5名球员成
为标准。had been reduced是过去完成时的被动语态，因此句子表示“到那时，球队已经缩减到 7名球
员”，“到某时前”用“介词by+某个具体时间 ”，因此空格处是介词by，位于句首，首字母大写，故
填By。
【44 题详解】考查连词。句意：当篮球首次出现在1904年奥运会上后，它迅速传遍了全世界。根据
语境可知，句子表示“当篮球首次出现在1904年奥运会上后，它迅速传遍了全世界”，因此空格处可以是
“当......的时候”或“在......之后 ”，即when/after，位于句首，首字母大写，故填When/After。
【45 题详解】考查不定式和固定短语。句意：1906年，一个金属环第一次被用来代替篮筐，但篮球
这个名字一直保留下来。由“a metal ring was used”和(replace) the basket可知，句子表示“一个金属环第一次被用来代替篮筐”，句中用固定短语sth. be used to do sth.，意为“某物被用来做某事”，因此空格处用
不定式表目的，故填to replace。
2.【广东省普通高中2021-2022学年高三质检】
One Direction was one of the most popular bands, and it was made up of five artists. After years of breaking
records, the band started to slow down. In early 2015, it 36 ． (announce) on Facebook that Zayn Malik, one of the
members, would be leaving the band. In his first interview after leaving the band, Zayn Malik said that the reason
why he left was 37 ． it didn't fit his style. And he said he “never 38 ． (true) spoke to Harry”, his former
bandmate and that he had never been under the 39 ． (impress) they would keep in touch after Malik left the band.
“Our relationships 40 ． (change) since we were in a band together, but I think that's just life,” said Malik. This
came as 41 ． surprise to fans because in the Facebook post announcing his departure, Malik wrote that he had
“four friends for life”. In contrast to the pop music of One Direction known for 42 ． (produce), Malik shared an
R&B album in 2016 and his 43 ． (late) album Nobody Is Listening, in 2021.
Speaking with Vogue UK, he referred 44 ． One Direction as a “machine”. He discussed the band's sudden
rise to fame and busy touring 45 ． (schedule) by saying, “I wasn't really ever able to enjoy the experience. The
machine had gone too fast.”
【答案】
36．was announced 41．a
37．that 42．producing
38．truly 43．latest
39．impression 44．to
40．have changed 45．schedules
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了21世纪红极一时的“单向组合”乐队里的泽恩•马利克离队
的原因。
【36 题详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：2015年初，乐队在Facebook上宣布成员之一泽
恩·马利克(Zayn Malik)将离开乐队。所填词与句子主语it之间是动宾关系，因此应该用被动语态；再根据
时间状语In early 2015可知，此处需要用一般过去时，表过去发生的事情，因此空格处用一般过去时的被
动语态，主语it是单数，因此空格处是was announced，故填was announced。
【37 题详解】考查表语从句的引导词。句意：泽恩·马利克(Zayn Malik)在离开乐队后的第一次采访
中表示，他离开乐队的原因是这并不符合他的风格。that引导表语从句，the reason why...is that...意为“为
什么……的原因是”。故填that。
【38 题详解】考查副词。句意：他说，他“从未真正和前乐队成员哈里说过话”，他也从未觉得在
马利克离开乐队后他们还会保持联系。此处需要用副词作状语，修饰动词 speak，true的副词是truly，意为
“真正地”，故填truly。
【39 题详解】考查词性转换。句意：他说，他“从未真正和前乐队成员哈里说过话”，他也从未觉
得在马利克离开乐队后他们还会保持联系。根据空前的定冠词可知，此处需要用名词作介词 under的宾
语。under the impression意为“在印象中”。故填impression。【40 题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：马利克说:“自从我们在一个乐队里之后，我们的感情就
变了，但我认为这就是生活。”含有 since引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句时态用现在完成
时，从句用一般过去时，主语relationships是复数，因此空格处是have changed。故填have changed。
【41 题详解】考查冠词。句意：这让粉丝们感到意外，因为在宣布他离开的脸书帖子中，马利克写
道，他有“四个终身好友”。surprise在此用作可数名词，a surprise意为“一件令人惊讶的事情”。故填
a。
【42 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与以制作闻名的单向乐队(One Direction)的流行音乐不同，马
利克在2016年分享了一张R&B专辑，在2021年分享了最新专辑《Nobody Is Listening》。for是介词，其
后用动名词作宾语。故填producing。
【43 题详解】考查最高级。句意：与以制作闻名的单向乐队(One Direction)的流行音乐不同，马利克
在2016年分享了一张R&B专辑，在2021年分享了最新专辑《Nobody Is Listening》。此处是形容词作定
语，由in 2021可知，《Nobody Is Listening》是他的最新专辑，因此空格处是“最新的”，是 latest，故填
latest。
【44 题详解】考查介词。句意：在接受《Vogue》英国版采访时，他将单向乐队称为“机器”。refer
to...as意为“把……称为……”。故填to。
【45 题详解】考查名词。句意：在谈到乐队的突然崛起和繁忙的巡演日程时，他说:“我从来没有真
正享受过这种经历。”schedule是可数名词，前面无冠词，因此空格处用复数，故填schedules。
3.【福建省宁化第一中学2021-2022学年高三月考】
How do you count 1.3 billion people in the middle of a pandemic? China, as the world's most populous
country, will launch its seventh 36 ． ( nation) census (人口普查) on November 1.
According to state-run news agency Xinhua, the huge undertaking will see around 7 million census 37 ．
(worker) spread out across the country, 38 ． ( collect) names, ID numbers, gender, marital details, as well as
education and professional information.
As well as traditional methods, citizens will also 39 ． ( recommend) using cell phones and other digital
tools 40 ． (declare) personal and family information.
China conducts its census every 10 years. The last survey 41 ． (find) the population had increased from
1.29 billion to 1.37 billion. Last year, the country's birthrate hit its 42 ． (low) level since the founding of the
People's Republic 43 ． 1949. The statistics also revealed that more than 250 million Chinese were over 60 years
old last year, 44 ． make up more than 18% of the population. The figure is forecast to rise to a third of the
population by 2050 — or 480 million people.
This year's census may even show a decrease in 45 ． total size of the population for the first time in
decades, setting the stage for India to overtake China as the world's most populous country.
【答案】
36．national 39．be recommended 42．lowest
37．workers 40．to declare 43．in
38．collecting 41．found 44．who45．the
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。作为世界上人口最多的国家，中国将于11月1日启动第七次全国人口
普查。
【36 题详解】考查形容词。句意：作为世界上人口最多的国家，中国将于 11月1日启动第七次全国
人口普查。修饰名词census应用形容词作定语。形容词national意为“国家的”。故填national。
【37 题详解】考查名词复数。句意：据新华社报道，在这项庞大的工程中，将有大约 700万人口普
查工作人员分布在全国各地，收集姓名、身份证号码、性别、婚姻细节以及教育和专业信息。根据“7
million”可知，此处应用名词复数。故填workers。
【38 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据新华社报道，在这项庞大的工程中，将有大约 700万人口
普查工作人员分布在全国各地，收集姓名、身份证号码、性别、婚姻细节以及教育和专业信息。动词
collect意为“收集”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语workers构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状
语。故填collecting。
【39 题详解】考查动词语态。句意：除了传统的方法，市民也将被建议使用手机和其他数字工具来
申报个人和家庭信息。动词 recommend意为“建议，推荐”，和主语 citizens构成被动关系。故填 be
recommended。
【40 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了传统的方法，市民也将被建议使用手机和其他数字工具
来申报个人和家庭信息。使用手机和其他数字工具是为了申报个人和家庭信息，所以应用to do不定式表目
的。故填to declare。
【41 题详解】考查动词时态。句意：最近一次调查发现，人口从 12.9亿增加到13.7亿。根据The
last survey可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填found。
【42 题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：去年，中国的出生率降到了1949年中华人民共和国成立以
来的最低水平。根据“since the founding of the People's Republic”可知，此处是指1949年中华人民共和国成
立以来的最低水平，所以应用形容词最高级修饰名词level。故填lowest。
【43 题详解】考查介词。句意：去年，中国的出生率降到了1949年中华人民共和国成立以来的最低
水平。表示在某一年应用介词in。故填in。
【44 题详解】考查定语从句。句意：统计数据还显示，去年中国60岁以上人口超过2.5亿，占总人
口的18%以上。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，先行词为 more than 250 million Chinese，所以应用关系
代词who引导。故填who。
【45 题详解】考查定冠词。句意：今年的人口普查甚至可能显示，人口总数几十年来首次出现下
降，为印度超越中国成为世界上人口最多的国家奠定了基础。根据of the population可知，此处为特指，应
用定冠词。故填the。
4.【福建省三明市第二中学2021-2022学年高三月考】
A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase
36 ． (appreciate) of China’s ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural
relics from the Magao Caves, 37 ． were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history.
Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs 38 ． (produce) since the international project started in 1994.The Magao Caves have long been 39 ． meeting point for different cultures. Today, the caves are just as
international as they 40 ． (be) at the time when people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world
visit Dunhuang to see the caves, and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has even reproduced a copy of the caves
and paintings for people 41 ． (admire) in America.
By 42 ． (share) so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even 43 ． (wide)
interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture, and traditions. They also hope to further educate
people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future 44 ． (generation) to understand
and appreciate. As one researcher who is working 45 ． the project explains, “Appreciating the cultural heritage is
very important for international communication and understanding.”
【答案】
36．appreciation 41．to admire
37．which 42．sharing
38．have been produced 43．wider
39．a 44．generations
40．were 45．on
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了莫高窟文物数字图像采集工作的进程、历史重要性以及采集来
的数字图像的用途。
【36 题详解】考查名词。动词increase后接名词形式作宾语。故填appreciation。
【37 题详解】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这是非限定性定语从句。先行词为 the Magao Caves，
在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【38 题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：自从1994年这个国际项目开始后，大约已经生成五十万份高
质量的数字影像。由时间状语since可知，应使用现在完成时。主语digital photographs与produce之间是被
动关系，所以应使用被动语态。且主语是复数形式，故填have been produced。
【39 题详解】考查冠词。名词point为可数名词，且前面的meeting是以辅音音素发音开头，所以用
不定冠词a。a meeting point表示“一个交集点”。故填a。
【40 题详解】考查时态。句意：现在这些石窟就像当年人们走丝绸之路时一样具有国际性。根据
“at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.”可知用一般过去时，根据主语 they可知，谓语用复数形
式。故填were。
【41 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：世界各地的游客来敦煌看石窟，洛杉矶盖蒂博物馆复制了这
些石窟和画，让人们在美国就可以欣赏。这里用不定式的复合结构：for sb. to do sth.作定语，修饰名词
copy。 故填to admire。
【42 题详解】考查非谓语动词。介词by后接动名词形式。故填sharing。
【43 题详解】考查形容词比较级。空格位于名词前，应用形容词形式。even修饰形容词的比较级,再
根据句意“该组织希望能在世界范围内引起人们对中国古代历史的更广泛兴趣”。故填wider。
【44 题详解】考查名词的数。句意：他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史和文化遗产的重要性，让
子孙后代了解和欣赏。名词 generation 为可数名词，且前无冠词，所以用复数形式表示泛指。故填
generations。【45 题详解】考查介词。句意：一位从事该项目的研究人员解释说，“欣赏文化遗产对国际交流和
理解非常重要。”短语work on从事于……。故填on。
5.【福建师大附中2021-2022学年高三月考】
China’s now-famous herd of 14 elephants is approaching their 48 ． (origin) habitat in the southwestern
province of Yunnan after traveling southward for days.
The elephants have spent the last five days 49 ． (wander) and foraging(觅食) in Yuanjiang County of Yuxi
City in Yunnan. Drones(无人机) have been used to track the herd’s movements in the region. On Thursday
afternoon, the elephants left a field 50 ． they were foraging and headed into the forest. Both drones and ground
search methods were used by a monitoring team to locate the elephants within two hours.
The herd’s return journey is expected 51 ． (accelerate) by lower temperatures in autumn, according to
experts. Since setting 52 ． last year, the elephants 53 ． (travel) northward about 500 kilometers and arrived at the
suburbs of the provincial capital Kunming on June 2.
The herd couldn’t have crossed the Yuanjiang River without help as the water level rises in the rainy season.
Chinese 54 ． (authority) have sent police to protect the herd, clear roads to facilitate their passage, and used food
to distract them from entering 55 ． (heavy) populated areas during their journey.
Asian elephants are primarily found in Yunnan and are 56 ． A-level state protection in China. With the
protection efforts 57 ． (strength), the wild elephant population in the province has grown to about 300, up from
193 in the 1980s.
【答案】
48．original 53．had travelled
49．wandering 54．authorities
50．where 55．heavily
51．to be accelerated 56．under
52．off/out 57．strengthened
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述一群大象正在接近他们在云南省的西南地区的原始的栖息所并描
述了对野生大象的相关的保护工作。
【48 题详解】考查形容词。句意：中国现在比较著名的14头大象群在向南旅行了几天后正在接近他
们在云南省的西南地区的原始的栖息所。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填形容词修饰名词 habitat，origin
的形容词形式为original。故填original。
【49 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些大象已经花了5天时间在云南省玉溪市沅江地区徘徊并
觅食。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，spend time doing sth.表示“花时间做某事”，所以应
填wandering。故填wandering。
【50 题详解】考查定语从句。句意：周四下午，大象离开了觅食的地方，进入了森林。分析句子成
分可知，field作先行词，空格处应填定语从句的引导词，且从句中缺少状语，所以应填 where。故填
where。
【51 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家称，预计秋季较低的气温将加速这群大象的返程之旅。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，be expected to do sth./to be done表示“预计将会……”，根据
空格后by以及句意可知，此处为被动，所以应填to be accelerated。故填to be accelerated。
【52 题详解】考查副词。句意：从去年出发开始，这群大象已经向北旅行了五百公里并在六月二号
到达了省会城市昆明的郊区。根据句意可知，空格处应填副词，set out/off 均可表示“出发”。故
填out/off。
【53 题详解】考查时态。句意：从去年出发开始，这群大象已经向北旅行了五百公里并在六月二号
到达了省会城市昆明的郊区。根据所给时间状语以及句意可知，大象从去年出发到六月二号为止已经旅行
了500公里，所以应用过去完成时，所以应填had travelled。故填had travelled。
【54 题详解】考查名词复数。句意：中国政府部门已经派警察去保护这些大象，清理道路方便他们
通行，并在他们旅行的过程中用食物分散他们的注意力，不让他们进入人口稠密的地区。分析句子可知，
空格处应填名词作主语，结合谓语动词 have sent可知，主语应为名词复数形式，所以应填 authorities。故
填authorities。
【55 题详解】考查副词。句意：中国政府部门已经派警察去保护这些大象，清理道路方便他们通
行，并在他们旅行的过程中用食物分散他们的注意力，不让他们进入人口稠密的地区。分析句子成分可
知，空格处应填副词来修饰形容词populated，所以应填heavily。故填heavily。
【56 题详解】考查介词。句意：亚洲象群最早在云南地区被发现并且处于中国 A级国家保护状态。
分析句子结构可知，空格处应填介词，under protection表示“处于保护中”，所以应填介词under。故填
under。
【57 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着保护工作的加强，这个省的野生大象的数量已经从20世
纪80年代的193头增长到了大约300头。分析句子结构可知，此处考查with+宾语+补足语，且补足语与宾
语之间的关系为被动，所以应填strengthened。故填strengthened。
6.【河北省石家庄市二中2021-2022学年高三月考】
World Animal Day is an International day with 36 ． purpose of awakening people's love for animals.
Besides, it is a social movement 37 ． (charge) with the mission of raising animals' status to improve welfare
standards around the globe. Given the role 38 ． animals play in human beings' 39 ． (survive) and development,
caring for animals has become an essential part of environmental protection work.
World Animal Day coincides with the feast of Saint Francis of Assisi, the advocate of ecology, including
animals. 40 ． his honor, the day was chosen as World Animal Day, and 41 ． (vary) kinds of commemorative
42 ． (activity) were held around the world. China has been marking World Animal Day nationwide since 1997.
At present, the extinction rate of global species 43 ． (accelerate) as never before. A report issued by the
World Wildlife Fund (WFF) on September 10 showed that the natural environment had been 44 ． (severe)
damaged. From 1970 to 2016, the global wild species population decreased by two-thirds on average, 45 ． the
global vertebrate(脊椎动物) population decreased by 68% on average.
Now it is high time that we took action to protect our friends animals. After all, to save them means to save
ourselves.
【答案】36．the 41．various
37．charging 42．activities
38．of 43．is accelerating
39．survival 44．severely
40．In 45．while
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界动物日以及现在动物所面临的危险，最后作者建议
采取行动保护我们的动物朋友。
【36 题详解】考查冠词。句意：世界动物日是一个旨在唤醒人们对动物的爱的国际日。the purpose
of是......的目的，特指“唤醒人们对动物的爱”。故填the。
【37 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，这是一项社会运动，旨在提高动物的地位，以提高全
球的福利标准。分析句子可知，设空处所在部分是做前面的名词 movement 的后置定语，与该名词是主动
关系，因此使用charge的现在分词形式。故填charging。
【38 题详解】考查介词。句意：鉴于动物在人类生存和发展中的作用，关爱动物已成为环境保护工
作的重要组成部分。play the role of担任......角色，是个固定短语，此处是把role前置。故填of。
【39 题详解】考查名词。句意同上。and连接两个并列成分，根据and后的名词development可知，
此处需要用名词survival与development构成并列宾语。故填survival。
【40 题详解】考查介词。句意：为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念
活动。自1997年以来，中国一直在全国范围内庆祝世界动物日。in one's honor为纪念，这是个固定短语，
位于句首，首字母大写。故填In。
【41 题详解】考查形容词。句意：为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪
念活动。自1997年以来，中国一直在全国范围内庆祝世界动物日。设空处所给名词是修饰后面的名词
kinds，因此使用其形容词形式。故填various。
【42 题详解】考查名词。为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念活动。
自1997年以来，中国一直在全国范围内庆祝世界动物日。根据空后的 were可知，主语使用名词复数形
式。故填activities。
【43 题详解】考查时态。句意：目前，全球物种的灭绝速度正以前所未有的速度加快。根据时间状
语 At present 可知，使用现在进行时 be doing，主语是 the extinction rate of global species ，因此用 is
doing。故填is accelerating。
【44 题详解】考查副词。句意：世界自然基金会9月10日发布的一份报告显示，自然环境遭到了严
重破坏。所给词是修饰后面的动词damage，因此使用副词形式。故填severely。
【45 题详解】考查连词。句意：从1970年到2016年，全球野生物种数量平均减少了三分之二，全
球脊椎动物数量平均减少了68%。分析句子可知，前后两个句子是并列关系，表示对比，因此用 while连
接。故填while。
