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专题 10 阅读理解之猜词题（原卷版）
猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下
文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、
同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
一、思维导图
二、方法点拨
1. 设问方式
• The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .
• “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…
• What do you think the expression “…” stands for?
• What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?• Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?
• The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…
• Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?
• What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?
2. 七大技巧
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后
的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例
如：
例子1
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too
became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the
nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications
in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English,
Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
【真题小练 】 (浙江2019.6 阅读理解B）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union
Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with
pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
( )What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Money spent without hesitation. B.Money not legally made.
C.Money offered without conditions. D.Money not tied together.
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词
义或句意进行猜测。例如：
例子2
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have
been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that'show long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be
implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?
A．provider B．delivery man
C．collector D．medical doctor
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但
在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and they're very interactive and creative
in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以
判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?
possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”。
例子3
A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.
(全国II 2014 阅读理解A）
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all papers and documents. Their young
daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers...At last they had seen a half-
written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That
family not only returned the important documents to us that day, but also restored our faith and
trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
( )What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?
A. showed. B. sent out. C. delivered. D. gave back
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：
例子4
If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a
“softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love
feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.C．A container. D．A machine.
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。
有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指
代的事物。例如：
例子5
[2]Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the
music has failed to connect with younger generations.
[3]It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes
to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
…
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的
词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。
[例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选)
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more
when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did
how to live more with less.
例子6…
32．What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The more, the better.
B．Enough is enough.
C．More money, more worries.
D．Earn more and spend more.
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某
一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：①A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle;_it can be a basket of fun.
从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思
是“困难，麻烦”。
②She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才
来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
③The players in the World Cup are professionals, while those who play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是professionals(专业人士)
的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。
例子7…
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United
States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically
disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were
fewer humans around.
…
29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.
三、高考真题
1．2022年6月新高考1卷C篇
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
2．2022年6月全国甲卷 C篇As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
3．2022年6月全国乙卷C篇
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
4．2022年6月北京卷D篇
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”
And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.5．2022年6月浙江卷 C
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who
chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value
relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art
Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift
mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
6．2022年1月浙江卷 A
For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was
born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The downturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she
had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.One
day,while driving near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home,and her sister
in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth
to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust . It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with
transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy
flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
22.The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to ?
A.make money. B.try various jobs.
C.be close to nature. D.travel to different places.
7．2021年6月北京卷 CHundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last
December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in
many areas have projected the widespread collapse as "a credible scenario（情景）this century".
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might
create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-
uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long
ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so
disastrously lacking in flexibility.
The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might
happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers
of everyday civilization. Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the
"ecological footprint" concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given
lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, "it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form,
possibly within a decade, certainly within this century, " Johnson said in an email.
Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have
the hope to reduce their "speed, severity and harm". And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be
ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope（麻醉品）
In the incurable form of hope.
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着）on quieting hope that ignores preparedness.
"Let's look directly into the issue of collapse, " they say, "and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see
there to make the best of a troubling future."
1.What does the underlined word "germane" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Scientific. B.Credible. C.Original. D.Relevant.
2.As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is .
A.worried B.puzzled C.surprised D.scared
8．2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans have taken care of these precious natural resourses wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.
2.What does the underlined word "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
9．2021年6月新高考二卷B篇
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were
asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the
morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way.
C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
10．2021年6月全国甲卷（C篇）
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（橫杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
2.What do the underlined words "Safe! Safe! Safe!" probably mean?
A.Be careful! B.Well done! C.No way! D.Don't worry.11．2021.6全国乙卷B篇
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely
only on their smartphones, according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline,
a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say
they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that
category.
2What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
12．2021年6月浙江卷B篇
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with
plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then
aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his
three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and,
being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey
as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild
Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal
of getting children out into nature.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2?
A.records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms
13．2021年3月天津卷B篇
The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had
pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball
uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him,
just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live withwho they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past
behind.
Humans do not shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The
process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we
begin.
4.The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A.letting go of the past B.looking for a new job
C.getting rid of a bad habit D.giving up an opportunity
14．2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In
one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: "Climb on me." The youngster immediately
jumps on to its mother's back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another
species（物种）out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans, " said Dr
Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions, " she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains."
3.What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A.Difference. B.Conflict.
C.Balance. D.Connection.
15．2021 全国乙卷 B篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on
their smartphones, according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a
third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never
use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
2.What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
16．2021新高考1卷C篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive
with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans have taken care of these precious natural
resourses wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades
to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of
market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to
feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.
2.What does the underlined word "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
17．2020全国卷I卷 B 篇
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the
now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader.
Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s
A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的 ), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy
the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble ( 随 笔 ) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save
Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortázar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
26. ( )What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.
18．2020北京卷D篇
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms（算法）carry out huge
volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are
translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we
humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is
something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
1.What does the underlined word "ubiquitous" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Enormous in quantity. B.Changeable daily.
C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
19．2020全国2. C篇
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. "The ecosystem down there
can't handle this non-native species（物种）. It's destroying the environment. It's them or us, " says Michael
Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300, 000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
3.What does the underlined word "collapsed" in paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Boomed. B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.
20．2020全国3. B篇
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2, 000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants", "The Hangover Part
Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper", have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated
properly.
3.What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Listing completely. B.Directing professionally.
C.Promoting successfully. D.Watching carefully.
21．2020.7浙江卷（B篇）
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37 am could push it
down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
1.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Increased length of green lights. B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C.Flexible timing of traffic signals. D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.
22．2020.5天津卷（C篇）
Making the skies electric isn't just good for the environment, it also makes sound financial sense: a small
aircraft uses ＄400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight, while an electric one costs ＄8—12 for the same
distance, and that's before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine. There's also the added
bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just
environmentally friendly peace and quiet.While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping
everyone's feet firmly on the ground. A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram;
compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate
batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight
counts, this can't just be ignored.
3.The expression "added bonus" refers to the fact that electric planes .
A.give passengers more pleasant views B.bring airlines more financial benefits
C.offer more enjoyable flying experiences D.cost less in maintenance than traditional ones
23．2020.5天津卷（D篇）
Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking
yourself the question "why is history important" is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human
civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance
of history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the
history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥） into our ancestral pasts, and
how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is
something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect
on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. According to the experts, problems faced by
people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become
more experienced in handling challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）. Studying history can give us insight（洞察力）
into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a
rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance（无
知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries
by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. What's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's
almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts.
Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up CharlesDickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away
from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in
there for absolutely anybody.
The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do
better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
1.The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means .
A.the turning point in our history B.the present state of our nation
C.the location of our homeland D.the total area of our country
24．2020全国卷II C 篇
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria (海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur — unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species (物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us,” says Michael
Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. ( )What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
25．2020全国卷III B 篇
When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part
II” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
26. ( )What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
26．2020江苏卷 C 篇
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first,
according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been
known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise
healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the
men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed
that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the man skipped
breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the
other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
61. ( ) The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered27．2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷） C 篇
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
9. ( )What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
28．2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）D篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our
eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
2.What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.29．2020海南（B篇）
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to
describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken
away-since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would
return the belonging.
2.What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?
A.The student's parent. B.The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C.The author's grandchild. D..The owner of the forbidden fruit.
四、模拟演练
（1）
An advertisement is just like a Somebody Else says quotation(引语) in a news story. The newspaper does not
say that what the advertiser says is true. All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.” To find out
whether it is true or not will be left to the reader. All the statements in the ads are the advertiser’s statements, not
the paper’s.
Q: What does “Somebody Else” in the paragraph refer to?
A. The editor of the paper. B. The reader of the paper.
C. The author of the passage. D. The advertiser of the ads.
（2）
Emma had never read it, nor had she ever purchased a copy. But, when she opened it up, she was floored to
see her own name and address inside the cover, in her own handwriting. It turned out that the summer before, at a
concert back in Montreal, Emma had met a Californian who was in town visiting friends. They decided to exchange
addresses, but neither of them had any paper. The man had opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack and
asked Emma to write her name and address inside. When he returned to California, he left the book behind in
Montreal, and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later relocated to Jerusalem, he took the now-treasured book
along.
Q: What does the underlined word “floored” in the paragraph mean?
A. interested B. shocked C. frightened D. excited
（3）Oxygen is vital to life; it is needed by the body cells of all animals. It is also very useful in industry. The
method Priestley used produces only small quantities. The large amounts needed for industry are produced in a
different way. Air is put into containers under great pressure. This turns it into liquid and makes it very cold. It is
then gradually warmed up and each substance evaporates at a different temperature. The boiling point of oxygen is
-183°C. It is caught and stored in strong steel cylinders at a pressure of 136 atmospheres. The process is known as
fractional distillation.
Q: Which word has the rough meaning of “vital”?
A. important B. useful C. helpful D. interesting
（4）
These different kinds of learning disabilities are known by different names. For example, a person who has
difficulty reading may have dyslexia. Someone who cannot do mathematics may have a disorder called
dyscalculia(计算困难).
Q: The underlined word “dyslexia” in the paragraph probably means _______.
A. difficulty in seeing B. problem in reading
C. trouble in listening D. brain disorder
（5）
A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an
Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
Q: What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean in the paragraph?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
（6）
And if you’ve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛), you may fear
that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with— or destroy the nice atmosphere you now
enjoy.
Q: The underlined word “conflict” in the paragraph means .
A. dependent life B. fierce fight C. bad manners D. painful feeling
（7）“She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this,” Miss Duff said.
“She didn’t intend to steal when she went into the store. She is at a loss to explain it. She is otherwise a very
respectable and intelligent young lady .She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if
there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.”
Q: What does the underlined sentence “She is at a loss to explain it” mean?
A. In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things.
B. She doesn’t have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shops.
C. She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops.
D. Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.
（8）
One of the best-known sayings must be “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and
wisdom”. The promises of health, wealth, and wisdom to those who join the teams of early retirees and rises must
be particularly pleasing to many people in our modern society.
Q: The underlined word “ retiree” here refers to_________.
A. people who give up their work B. people who have a lot of free time
C. people who go to bed D. people who live in a quiet place
（9）
The reasons for a visit to lighthouse are not all so backward-looking(思想过时的) in time. It is true that
lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a
natural beauty that many people will love to experience.
Q: The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” probably means __________.
A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient D. secret
（10）
Our own native language and culture are so much a part of us that we take them for granted. When we travel
to another country, it’s as if we carry along with our passports. We view the new environment using our own
culture as the standard, and although not purposely, our ways of thinking and acting often get in the way of our
understanding other languages and cultures. The ability and willingness to change lenses(视角) when we look at a
different culture is both the cure and prevention for such cultural blindness. Studying a new language provides us
the opportunities to practise changing lenses when we also learn the context or the culture to which it belongs.
Q: The underlined word “it” in the last sentence refers to __________.
A. the context B. the culture C. the language D. the opportunity
