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专题 09 阅读理解之推断题（解析版）
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面
意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言
外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件
发展的趋势。推理判断能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。
每年每套题通常会有 4～6 题。
一、思维导图
推断隐含意义思维导图二、方法点拨
(一)推理判断题题干常用词
一般来说，推理判断题题干中主要包括下面的词语：know about, learn from, infer, imply, suggest,
conclude, purpose, attitude, probably, most likely等。
(二)推理判断题正确选项特征
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具
有以下特征：
1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如only, never, all, absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模
糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could,
possibly, probably等。
(三)推理判断题干扰选项特征
1．曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某
几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意
思的曲解。
2．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中
出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。
3．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几
个单词，造成句意的改变。
4．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的
信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
5．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字
面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。6．扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上
almost, all, nearly, more than, normally, usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通
过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。
Part4：推断题解题技巧（思维导图+真题演练）例子1
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and
new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad
news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the
newer ones that do the same things.
…
32．What does the author think of new devices?
A．They are environmentfriendly.
B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home.
D．They go out of style quickly.
[解题示范]What does the author think of：作者态度
题干信息
new devices：新设备
文体特点 科技说明文：一项研究新旧设备耗能的报告。
原文查找 That's bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices
consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
信息整合 ①做同样的事情旧设备耗能高(consume much more energy)
②旧设备不利于环境保护(bad news for the environment)
③旧设备更浪费钱财(our wallets)
信息推断 上面旧设备的缺点是在和新设备相比较(than the newer ones)得出的结论，故新设
备可以克服以上缺点。
选项分析 A．新设备是环保的(They are environmentfriendly)；属于正确信息推断。
B．新设备并不比旧设备好(They are no better than the old)；属于“无中生有”型
错误。
C．新设备在家中使用的费用更高(They cost more to use at home)；属于“无中生
有”型错误。
D．新设备很快就过时了(They go out of style quickly)；属于“曲解文意”型错
误。
得出结论 由以上信息分析可知，A项正确。
例子2
We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us,
deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
…
32．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A．Addiction to smartphones.
B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C．Absence of communication between strangers.
D．Impatience with slow service.
[解题示范]
细研题干定题型 由题干可知本题是对文章局部(第一段)进行深层理解的考查。
地点 公共场合：①电梯中；②在银行排队中；③飞机上
细读语段明大意
人物 ①专注地盯着自己的手机；②苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中
A项为原文中的事实，不是推断出的内容。
甄别选项定答案 细研干扰项
B项，文中提及的这些行为是否“合适”原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。
D项在原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。
该段提到在公共场合中，周围都是人的情况下，人们只是专注
断定 地盯着自己的手机，或者苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中，从
答案 中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的现象。故
选择C项。
例子3
[1]Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These
colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
[2]Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries
contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly
high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids
we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?
However, they are rich in vitamin C.
[3]When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,
cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much
sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh
lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on
their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
[4]If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a
“softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love
feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
27．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A biology textbook. B．A health magazine.
C．A research paper. D．A travel brochure.
[解题示范]
细研题干定题型 文章出处题。
本文介绍了丰收的七月给我们带来的多种浆果和核果，并告诉我们这些果实富含
文章内容
的营养成分和可以制作成各种美食。
第一段介绍了七月是水果丰富的季节；第二段介绍了各种莓类所含的营养成分；
文章语气 第三、四段介绍各种水果搭配的食用方法。在这一过程中作者使用了客观的语
气，通俗易懂的方法，形象地说明了水果搭配的技巧。
确定答案 本文是向大众介绍饮食方法，跟健康有关，应该出自健康杂志。所以B项正确。三、高考真题
1. 2022年6月新高考1卷B篇
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner
invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had
unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
【答案】24. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席
执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人
一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had
unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻
菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通
过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
2. 2022年6月新高考1卷C篇
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】28. D 29. B 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness
and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健
康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in
to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels
great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目
获得了一种成就感。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想
法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of
Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents
through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这
个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故
选A。
3. 2022年6月新高考1卷D篇
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since
the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Moran认为语
音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
4. 2022年6月全国甲卷 B篇
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual
clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the
cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人
员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推
知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
5. 2022年6月全国甲卷D篇
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor.
Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb
beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went
our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not
fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are
increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” shesaid. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that
we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a
thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me.
“What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the
Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a
drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
【答案】34. A 35. A
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to
modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方
历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了
一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。
故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I
considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. (另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也
有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点)”以及最后一段“He is
right (他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。6. 2022年6月全国乙卷B篇
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket
of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at
the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
27. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【答案】 25. D 27. B
【解析】
这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy,
rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森
一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In
spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件
非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以
Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the
land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，
并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
7. 2022年6月全国乙卷C篇
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
30. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
.
C To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
【答案】28. B 30. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路
运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They
could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the
correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样
的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，无人
机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选B。【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the
train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-
moving trains would be able to react in time.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样
在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时
做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。
8. 2022年6月全国乙卷D篇
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to
have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【答案】35. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康
问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive
influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.
（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了
数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
9. 2022年6月北京卷B篇
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do
anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that
faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which
obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His
presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the
world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my
courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was
where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see
that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new
and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the
Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to
completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect
nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
【答案】27. C
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
27.【解析】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do
anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的
能力。）由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing
global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自
信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动
是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
10.2022年6月北京卷C篇
“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her
students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—
and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often toscientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known
as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires
considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those
things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems
thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need
to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they
need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良
)people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in
food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common
diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of
at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known.This shows that we have some way to travel
before achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts
of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal
power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正 ) such
power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems
approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their
direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results,
but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
28. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A. illustrate an argument B. highlight an opinion
C. introduce the topic D. predict the ending
30. As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?
A. It may be used to justify power imbalance. B. It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C. It helps to prove why hunger exists. D. It goes beyond human imagination.
【答案】28. C 30. B
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。28.【解析】
推理判断题。由文章第一段““What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor
Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that
isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but
much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an
approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges. (“如果没有饥饿，世
界会是什么样子？”这是 Crystal教授会问学生的问题。她后来写道，他们发现很难回答这个问题，因为
想象一些不属于现实生活的东西，并学习如何将其变成现实是一项罕见的技能。它被教授给艺术家和工程
师，但很少教授给科学家。Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系
统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，文章开头提出问题是为了引出话题-系统思维的方
法被视为应对全球挑战的关键。故选C项。
30.【解析】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result
—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.(Crystal着手改
变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的
关键。)”可知，作者认为该系统能应用于解决挑战。故选B项。
11.2022年6月北京卷D篇
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”
And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
.
【答案】31A
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学
家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。31.【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may
mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers
can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着
量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的
工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最
后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约
翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀疑
的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
12.2022年6月浙江卷 A篇
Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch
was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a
school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale
skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the
students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would
pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately,
between us stood the barrier of language.
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind
forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much
like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-
speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to
converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in
Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be
fluent in two languages.
In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In
my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This work
expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of
Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.2. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?
.
A An Italian teacher. B. A government official.
C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate.
3. How did the summer job benefit the author?
A. It strengthened her love for school. B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction.
C. It opened her eyes to the real world. D. It made her childhood dream come true.
【答案】 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过三个夏天的工作，开阔了视野，接受真实世界的多样性，
不再是幼儿园里那个害怕的小女孩了。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第二三句“For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New
York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. (过去的三个夏天，
我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助，就像排队吃午餐的小女孩一样)”
以及第一段第三句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in
Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里
时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了)”可知，当年的小女孩长大了，在纽约的一家政府机构工作，工作环境
让她想到当年自己在幼儿园的午餐队伍排队的情境。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四五句“This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the
four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s
sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. (这项工作拓展了我的思维，这是在四面墙的教室里不可能做到
的。今天走在布鲁克林的街道上，我不再对这座城市的声音和气味感到困惑。 相反，我会享受它的多样
性)”可知，作者三个夏天的工作拓展了思维，开始接受真实世界的多样性。故选C。
13.2022年6月浙江卷 B篇
All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds
and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are
appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access tonature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small
packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went
on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching
Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the
process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban
areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing
disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and
without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种).
This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they
attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding,
remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those
living locally.
4. What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement?
A. It has achieved notable success. B. It is led by number of schools.
C. It began in Europe in the 1970s. D. It will spread to the countryside.
5. What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?
A. To promote eco-tourism. B. To improve forestry research.
C. To popularise gardening. D. To get people close to nature.
【答案】4. A 5. D
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是世界各地的“小森林”的兴起。
【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon
took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like
France, Belgium and the Netherlands.(随着他继续与他人分享他的概念，这个想法很快在印度和其他国家流
行起来，最终传到了欧洲，在法国、比利时和荷兰等地流行起来。)”可知，“小森林”运动取得了显著的
成功。故选A。
【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的““We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not
that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people andnature.”(哈特利说:“我们关注的是城市地区，在那里接触自然往往不那么容易。我们认为这是一个尝试打破
人与自然之间日益疏远的机会。”)”可知，Hartley在英国领导的这个项目的目的是让人们接近自然，故选
D。
14.2022年6月浙江卷 C篇
Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that
moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a
new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those
who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways
of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who
chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value
relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art
Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift
mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly
unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also,
there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So,
when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
7. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution. D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people. B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind. D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
10. What does the text seem to advocate?
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
【答案】7. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度
的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to
success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是
成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer of
Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who
practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.
(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些
事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提
出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，
Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood
leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造
力。 )”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选
C。
【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results
on the job.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower
job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，
尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，
所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。
15.2022年1月浙江卷 B篇
Most importantly,Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification,which he showed in New
York City.With help from Tesla,Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current（交流
电）,which soon became the major form of power delivery.To frame his story,Klein creates the character of Ned,a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steam
and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into
an interesting one.
25.What can be inferred about Ned?
A.He was born in New York City. B.He wrote many interesting stories,
C.He created an electricity company. D.He lived mainly in the 19th century.
【答案】 25.D
第25题 推理判断题。根据最后一段Klein creates the character of Ned-a fictional witness the progress...可知
Ned是虚构的人物，作者创造这个角色用以见证电气工业革命的发展，故选项ABC 错误，又根据第三、
四段的第一句可判断见证工业革命是在19 世纪，故选D。
16.2021年6月北京卷 B篇
I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期）
project of volunteering at a non-profit organization. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations
that needed our help, my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC). My first impression of the organization
was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.
Then, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. After doing some research,
I believed that we could really do something for those kids. When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures
of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望）and need that I
joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them
into kits—one kit, one child.
The most rewarding day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items
finally came together. When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build
that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. Over the past four months, I had never imagined how I
would feel once our project was completed. While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true
meaning behind it. I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good
grade on. When the kits were completed, and ready to be sent overseas, the warm feeling I had was one I would
never forget.In the beginning, I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person. Now that our project is
over, I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be
able to further their education.
2.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?
A.Images of Iraqi children. B.Research by his/her classmates.
C.A teacher's introduction. D.A representative's comments.
4.What can we conclude from this passage?
A.One's potential cannot always be underrated.
B.First impression cannot always be trusted.
C.Actions speak louder than words.
D.He who hesitates is lost.
【答案】2.A 4.B
【解析】本文是一篇故事类记叙文，主要讲的是作者加入了一个帮助伊拉克儿童的组织(OIC)，开始
感到不会达到他/她的期望，后来看到伊拉克儿童的照片，作者毫不犹豫地加入这个项目，并且为这些孩子
收集尽可能多的学习用品，帮助他们继续接受教育。
2推理判断题。结合第二段中的When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.
Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望）and need that I joined this project
without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kits—one kit,
one child.（当我上网访问伊斯兰会议组织的网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸是如此有力地
传达了他们的绝望和需要，所以我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。我们决定收集尽可能多的学习用品，把它
们做成套件，—个套件，一个孩子。）可推出伊拉克儿童的形象主要帮助作者改变了对这个项目的态度，
结合选项，故选A。
4推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是作者加入了一个帮助伊拉克儿童的组织 (OIC)，
开始感到不会达到他/她的期望，后来看到伊拉克儿童的照片，作者毫不犹豫地加入这个项目，并且为这些
孩子收集尽可能多的学习用品，帮助他们继续接受教育，由此可推断第一印象不能总是可信的。结合选项，
故选B。
17.2021年6月北京卷 C篇Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have
the hope to reduce their "speed, severity and harm". And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be
ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope（麻醉品）
In the incurable form of hope.
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着）on quieting hope that ignores preparedness.
"Let's look directly into the issue of collapse, " they say, "and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see
there to make the best of a troubling future."
3.What can we learn from this passage?
A.The signatories may change the biophysical limits.
B.The author agrees with the message of the poem.
C.The issue of collapse is being prioritized.
D.The global collapse is well underway.
【答案】 3B
【解析】：本文介绍了在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼
吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。作者同时也表达了对全球崩溃的认识的担忧。
3推理判断题。根据原文第五段 "Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the
December warning letter says, can we have the hope to reduce their "speed, severity and harm". "12月的警告信说，
只有我们讨论生物物理极限的后果，我们才有希望降低它们的速度、严重程度和危害。作者在本段表达了
对于December warning letter内容的赞同，又通过"As a poet wrote", 举例诗歌内容来印证 "We all want to
hope things will turn out fine." 这个观点。故选B。
18.2021年6月北京卷 D篇
Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone
asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you
measure it. Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的）clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics
can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.
Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time
to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏）of human life? We'reincreasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need
to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?
Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet,
conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum
that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental
changes. We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If
the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you'll see
the opposite effect.
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It's a sort of
observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架）, and allows us
to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will
live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major
imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time
to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people "corrected" official calendars by shifting dates
forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their
survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental
awareness.
When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time's most noticeable
qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as
praiseworthy as its purpose.
3.What can we learn from this passage?
A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.
B.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.
C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.
D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers' temporal frame.
4.What can we infer from this passage?
A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time.
B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
C.We should live in harmony with nature.D.History is a mirror reflecting reality.
【答案 3C 4C
【解析】3推理判断题。根据原文第三段 "If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get
ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you'll see the opposite effect." 如果河流在未来平均运行得更快，则
时钟将超过标准时间。如果河流运行得较慢，则会看到相反的效果。可知我们能从这篇文章得知如果河流
流速变慢，原子时将超过河流时间。故选C。
4推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段 "Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.
Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness."
与环境的时间联系对他们的生存至关重要。同样，我们正在开发的河流时间和其他计时系统可能会鼓励环
保意识。可知从这篇文章中我们能推断出我们应该与自然和谐相处。故选C。
19.2021年6月天津卷B 篇
Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many
excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published.
When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second for fiction. Well or badly, Iwrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line of the Sun. was finished. If I had waited to have the
time, I would still be waiting to write my novel.What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial sense
of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision: taking the time to create,
stealing it from yourself if ifs the only way.
44．How did the author manage to finish her novel?A．By sticking to writing every morning.
B.By writing when her mind was most active.
C.By drawing inspirations from classic novels.D.By reducing her teaching hours at school.
45．What can we learn from the author's success in her writing career?
A．It is never too late to change your job.B.Imaginative ideas die away if not taken in time.
C.A tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action.
D.Daily life provides ideas for creative writing.【答案】41．B 42．A 43．C 44．A 45．C
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。44．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to
this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个
习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，作者能够写小说的原因是坚持每天早上写作。故选A项。45．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I
am in control.”我从摸黑起床工作中得到的是一种掌控一切的感觉。以及文章第四段“Since that first
morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not
writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，
紧凑的日程并不是不采取行动的借口。故选C项。
20.2021年6月天津卷C 篇Shiwali Mohan, an Al scientist at the Palo Research Center, is skeptical of these digital beings. "They're
humanlike in their looks and the way they sound, but that in itself is not being human," she says. "Human qualities
also involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of
algorithmic (算 法)design. Designing for human-level intelligence is a different attempt than designing images that
behave like humans." She then continues, “If something looks like a human, we have high expectations of them,
but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地)know how other humans react.Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adoption of its digital employees across the financial, health
care, and commercial sectors （行业）. "Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient
digitally, they might be left behind," says Chetan Dube, UneeQ9s CEO.Some other companies are taking their digital beings a step further, enabling organizations and individuals to
create digital humans themselves using free-access platforms they provide. "The biggest motivation for such
platforms is to popularize Al," Dube says.
Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is
optimistic about where they are headed. "As we develop more advanced Al technology, we would then have to usenew ways of communicating with that technology,she says. "'Hopefully, all of that is designed to support humans in
their goals."
48．In Mohan's opinion, what human quality is lacking in digital beings?A．Calculating brain. B.Language skills.
C.Instinctive judgments. D.Problem-solving ability.
50．What does Mohan think of the future of digital beings?A．It's well planned. B.It is promising. C.It is uncertain. D.It's quite hopeless.
【答案】 48．C 50．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍许多科技公司正在推进、研发“数字人类”，并被很多部门使用。
但一些科学家对此表示怀疑，并指出了“数字人类”并不是真正的人类，有很多缺陷。但前景还是很有希
望的。 48．推理判断题。根据第四段“"They're humanlike in their looks and the way they sound, but that in
itself is not being human," she says. "Human qualities also involve how you think, how you approach problems,
and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of algorithmic (算 法)design, but they might behave differently
in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地)know how other humans react.”（“他们的外表和声音都像人类，
但这本身不是人类，”她说。“人类的品质还包括你如何思考、如何处理问题以及如何分解问题；这需要大量的算法设计。但他们的行为方式可能不同，人类只是本能地知道其他人的反应。”）由此判断出，在
Mohan看来，数字人缺少本能的判断。故选C项。
50．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose
behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where they are headed.”（ Mohan对这种方法持谨慎态度，但她支持这些数字生物背后的目的，并对他们的未来持乐观态度）由此判断出，Mohan数字人的未来是有
希望的。故选B项。
21.2021年6月新高考I卷（B篇）
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria
Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I
can help Maria in her performance."
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past
four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break
the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure
you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot, " Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to
50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has
their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for
the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand, " Mr Titterton
said. "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
2.Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage?
A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.
【答案】 2C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了律师Robert Titterton在空闲时间担任乐谱翻页者，配合
钢琴家演出的故事。
2推理判断题。根据题干选项定位到第五段。分析语境可知，他在工作中有时还要处理突发事件，例
如会有翻开一页乐谱的风导致其他的乐谱掉落的情况。因此，可以形容这份工作是让人费神费力的。故选
C。
22.2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory（迁徙的）waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. "Ding" Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
3.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A.The stamp price has gone down.
B.The migratory birds have flown away.
C.The hunters have stopped hunting.
D.The government has collected money.
【答案】3.D【文章大意】本文为说明文，讲述了美国为了保护“水禽”颁布了一项政策，狩猎者需要购买相关水
禽类邮票，然后政府把售卖所得款拨给候鸟保护基金组织。
3推理判断题。根据题干信息in 1934定位到第二、三段。分析可知，第二段是在说明在颁布了这个法
令之后，16岁或者超过16岁以上的水禽捕猎者必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭票，而第三段则提及了大约
98%的鸭子邮票的钱都是直接被用于购买保护湿地。 因此D选项, 政府可以筹集钱，符合题意。故选D。
23.2021年6月新高考I卷（D篇）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional （ 情 感 的 ）
intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a
person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental
stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of
these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good
or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to
find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being
emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most
positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis （重视）on emotion by
employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional
intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how
they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such
attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in
coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives （视角） from which to study how
people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point
us in the right direction.
2. Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2?
A.To explain a rule.B.To clarify a concept.
C.To present a fact.
D.To make a prediction.
3.What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
【答案】2B 3A
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，同时作者提出
了对情商研究是未来期望。
2推理判断题。根据题干信息的paragraph 2，定位到第二段We prefer to describe emotional intelligence
as…；分析可知，我们更喜欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目
的。而后作者便分别列举了doctor和cheater用于解释说明 "好目的" 和 "坏目的" 。由此我们可以推测，
作者提及doctor和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念。故选B。
3推理判断题。根据题干信息popularization of emotional intelligence定位到第三段：Although popular
beliefs regarding… the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 分析可知，虽然大
众对于情商的普遍认知远远超过了目前研究可以支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果（对于情商的发展研
究） 是利大于弊的。而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面（the most positive aspect of this
popularization…）。可知，作者对此态度是正向的、支持的。故选A。
24.2021年6月新高考二卷B篇
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were
some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a
bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
6. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Costly. D. Risky.
【答案】 6. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。
介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of
energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在
家里养小老虎累人。故选B。
25.2021年6月新高考二卷C篇
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've
seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
9. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income.
C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention.
【答案 9. A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万
英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The project results from the difficulties many schools have in
getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work
with and inspire children.（许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的
电影明星——进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin
认为，英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
26.2021年6月全国甲卷（B篇）
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding（繁育） programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black
rhino calf （犀牛幼崽）. When the tiny creature arrived on January 31. she became the 40th black rhino to be
born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are
known for being difficult to breed in captivity（圈养）.
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: "Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,
Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
every day."
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the
rhinos a "critically endangered" status.
3.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A.They had their first born in January. B.They enjoyed exploring new places.
C.They lived with their grandmothers. D.They were brought to the reserve young.
4.What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?
A.The rhino section will be open to the public.
B.It aims to control the number of the animals.
C.It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】 3A 4D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述肯特野生动物园庆祝一只可爱的稀有动物黑犀牛幼崽的到来。
3推理判断题。根据题干关键词 "similar experience ，Solio and Kisima" 定位在原文第二段 "Her
mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. 她的母亲，索里奥，是第一次当妈妈，她做
得很好。" 和第三段 "The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima
and weighed about 32kg. 1月5日，在林普恩港出生的第一头犀牛来到了它的第一位母亲基西马身边，体重
约32公斤。" 可知Solio 和Kisima相似点都是第一次当妈妈。故选A项。
4推理判断题。根据题干关键词 "PortLympne Reserve" 定位在原文第一段 "Port Lympne Reserve,
which runs a breeding （繁育） programme" 和第三段 "His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were
all born at the reserve and still live there. 他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里。" 可
知林普恩港保护区是负责一项繁殖计划的项目，它的一些犀牛一直住在保护区，所以一些犀牛可能会被送
到野生保护区。故选D项。27.2021年6月全国甲卷（C篇）
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（橫杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭） among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded（滑） up to the beam. He sat next to me. He
seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances."I was a local here 20 years ago, "
I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head."Safe, man. Safe.”
"Yeah, " I said.“Safe."
1.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A.He felt disappointed. B.He gave up his hobby.
C.He liked the weather there. D.He had disagreements with his family.
4.What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A.Children should learn a second language. B.Sport is necessary for children's health.
C.Children need a sense of belonging. D.Seeing the world is must for children.
【答案】1.A 4C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，作者会议小时候在英国南岸这个伦敦滑板手们段圣地以及和他们一
块度过的美好时光。1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词 "after he moved to London" 定位在原文第一段“Without my beloved
beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. 没有我心爱的海滩和无尽的蓝天，我感到不
知所措和格格不入。所以，作者是失望的。故选A项。
4写作意图题。根据题干关键词 "seem to convey" 定位可以判断题目是总结作者写作意图。根据选项
关键词，A，a second language B，Sport children's health C，Children ，sense of belonging（归属感） D，
Seeing the world可以得知本文是怀念童年时光，所以C项最合适。故选C项。
28.2021年6月全国甲卷（D篇）
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we
want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much
more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin.
Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards
for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or
people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender（性别）are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on
that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart."
Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to
know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see
flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors（因
素） like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses
come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple good fortune, who are able
to change the world."
1.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A.They're unfair. B.They're conservative.
C.They're objective. D.They're strict.
2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A.They think themselves smart.
B.They look up to great thinkers.
C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
【主旨概要】：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了天才的实质，批评了天才种族轮和性别轮，并指出其危
害。
1.推理判断题。根据题干 "victors' standards for joining the genius club" 定位到第二段It's said that history
is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions
were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were
unacknowledged and rejected by others. 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而这些胜利者为天才俱乐部设定了准
入标准。当俱乐部外的天才——女性、不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们得不到认可，也会被其
他人拒绝），据此可以推断出作者认为胜利者的标准是不公平的，所以选A项。
2推理判断题。根据题干girls from the study in Science定位到第三段A study recently published by
Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender（性别）
are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to
avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." 《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，
在6岁时，女孩比男孩更不可能说出自己性别的成员，更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们的行为都是基于这样
的信念：在六岁左右，她们开始避免从事那些所谓 "非常聪明" 的孩子们的活动）。据此可推知女孩有可
能被社会错误信念所影响，故选D项。
29.2021 全国乙卷 B篇
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
4.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A.It remains a family necessity. B.It will fall out of use some day.
C.It may increase daily expenses. D.It is as important as the gas light.【答案】4B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。当今世界上几乎所有人都有手机，但一半以上澳大利亚家庭仍然拥
有座机，本文说明了出现这一现象的原因。
【解析】4推理判断题。根据题干信息last paragraph，定位到原文最后一段How long until they go the
way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? 。分析可知，煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶服务都离我们现在
的生活比较久远，它们基本已经消失了。作者发出疑问：多久以后座机会走上煤气路灯、早晨送牛奶服务
的老路呢？因此可以推测，座机有一天也会消失。选项B中的fall out of use意为开始不用、渐渐废弃，符
合文意。故选B。
30.2021 全国乙卷 C篇
You've heard that plastic is polluting the ocean—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems
every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to
know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their
relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse, " a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168, 000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
2.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. B.To explain why they are useful.
C.To voice his views on modern art. D.To find a substitute for them.
3.What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers?
A.Calming. B.Disturbing.
C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.
【答案】2A 3B【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品
“吸管末日”，目的是提醒人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。
【解析】
2推理判断题。第三段作者阐述了吸管由于体积小，重量轻，很难回收。故选A。
3推理判断题。根据首段… forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to… 及尾段… will also
help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint… 可知，原文中的Von Wong希望让人们可以重新
审视他们对于塑料制品的处理方式。B选项Disturbing的意思为 "令人不安的, 引起恐慌的" ，符合文意。
故选B。
31.2021 全国乙卷 D篇
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by
the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the coworking
space across the street—so I can focus." His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also
typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach
works.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop
ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found
that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee
shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
3.What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A.Personal privacy unprotected. B.Limited working space.
C.Restrictions on group discussion. D.Constant interruptions.
4.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A.He's a news reporter. B.He's an office manager.
C.He's a professional designer. D.He's a published writer.
【答案】3.D 4.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，通过实验数据分析了过分办公室噪音对于办公效率的影响，但合伙
办公有利于集中注意力，适量的声音有利于创新思维。
【解析】3推理判断题。由最后一段第二句"… can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into other's conversations
while we're trying to focus"可知，开放式办公环境中，经常有其他事情分散人们的注意力。故选D。
4推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知，作者在为自己的书接受采访，可推断他是作家。故选D。
32.2021年3月天津卷B篇
The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had
pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball
uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him,
just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with
who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past
behind.
Humans do not shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The
process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
5.What does the author most likely want to tell us?
A.Love of family helps us survive great hardships.
B.It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C.We should move on no matter what happens.
D.Past experiences should be treasured.
【答案】5C
文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到
作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会
把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
5推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 "Humans do not shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as other animals…I see
our lizard, raw and nearly new.（人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累
人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴）" 以及最后一
段 "Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we
begin.（Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起
点）" 可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选：C。33.2021年3月天津卷C篇
Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story—an injection （注射）
becomes the bite of an insect; the heat on the skin becomes the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings
becomes a police car passing nearby.
"The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with
what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity on the part of the technologist,
imagination, a lot of patience and kindness."
The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. "It spread like wildfire that
someone from France was here to train the technologists," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line of
staff at her door wanting to take the training
4.What can we learn about the story used in the procedure?
A.It should keep pace with the procedure. B.It reflects the patient's creativity.
C.It is selected by the technologist. D.It tells what doctors are doing to the patient,
【答案】4.A
【解析】1.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明
催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请
到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中 "Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related
to this story（催眠过程中接下来发生的一切都必须和这个故事有关）" 以及倒数第二段第一句 "The
important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with what the
patient sees in his head, （重要的是技术专家把病人身体外发生的事情和他在大脑里看到的联系起来）"
可知，故事必须跟整个催眠过程同步。故选：A。
34.2021年3月天津卷D篇
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a
lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation,
branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about
less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or
increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can
also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back
and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or
traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排除）of others
can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its
connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视
角）into specific fields of expertise（专长）. The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior
doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your
interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My
editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history.
Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more
about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
1.To become a specialist, one may have to .
A.narrow his range of knowledge B.avoid responsibilities at work
C.know more about the society D.broaden his perspective on life
4.What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A.Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B.In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C.Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D.Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
【答案】1.A 4.D
【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二、三句 "This requires commitment to a particular occupation,
branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about
less and less. （成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少
的知识领域了解得越来越多。）" 可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他
的知识范围。故选A。4.推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一、二句 "Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel
your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore
their depths, you discover that they are. （事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相
关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系
的。）" 以及下文举出Toni的例子"My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books.
She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter,
she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过
几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地
了解中国哲学感兴趣。)"可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的
话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
35.2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions, " she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains."
2.What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A.It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B.It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
【答案2.B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黑猩猩的语言：使用手势来传递信息，以及相关研究和结论。
2.推理判断题。 根据题干的关键信息Dr. Shultz可以定位到原文的第6段，通过第6段的
"praiseworthy" 以及 "a little disappointing" 可知Shultz教授认为这个研究是有价值的，但是还是有点令人
失望，接着第7段Shultz继续阐述了其观点。再结合选项内容，可以推断出B选项最符合原文的推断。故
答案为B。36.2020年全国1卷（B篇）
Returning to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There's a welcome
familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don't change, people do. And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.
It's true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it's all about the present. It's about the
now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has
to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Emest
Hemingway's A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost
intoxicating（令人陶醉的）, an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie
Dillard's Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble（随笔） about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio
Cortázar's Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortázar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.1.Why does the
author like rereading?
1.A.It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B.It's a window to a whole new world.
C.It's a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D.It extends the understanding of oneself.
2.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A.It's a brief account of a trip.
B.It's about Hemingway's life as a young man.
C.It's a record of a historic event.
D.It's about Hemingway's friends in Paris.
【答案】 1.D 2.B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句的内容 "But books don't change, people do. And…
rereading so rich and transformative." 可知，作者认为书不会变，但是人会变，人在重读的过程中会认识到
自己的变化，如此便能进一步理解自己，这就是为什么重读会如此丰富多彩和富有变革性。故选：D。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段第三句和第四句的内容 "Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s
Paris… an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time." 可知，海明威的《流动的盛宴》出版于
1964年，是他对20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，也是一位年老的作家回顾了一个雄心勃勃但却又简
单的时代。由此可知，这本书是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选：B。
37.2020 全国卷I卷（C篇）
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing
to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the
50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that
a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact ( 接 触 )
with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity,
however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem,
Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race
walkers moving at
a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately
twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about
1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According
to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race
walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon
among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so
people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishingto try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she
says. It takes some practice.
( 4 )Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【答案】4.B
【解析】根据文章第一段Race walking shares many…while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does,
however, have its own problem.以及下文对于竞走的分析说明可知作者客观地阐述了竞走这一体育运动。故
选：B。
38.2020北京卷 B篇
Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution
by recording pollutant levels near the ground.
Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her
monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns
that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.
Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However,
since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair （婴儿车）, she frequently records pollution
levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency.
The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English
youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at
the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government
in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma （哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because "when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down
and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma."
"Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age, " Matt added. "He became very
interested in gadgets （小装置）. About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One
Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, 'why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let
her monitor the pollution? 'So we did it."
Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog,
and we are all really proud of her."3.What is Tom's purpose of doing the research?
A.To warn of a health risk. B.To find out pollution sources.
C.To test his new monitor. D.To prove Baggy's abilities.
4.According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?
A.Modest. B.Generous. C.Creative. D.Outgoing.
【答案】3.A 4.C
【解析】（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国一只名叫Baggy的小狗，被主人在项圈
上安上了污染监测器，以此来记录地面附近的污染物水平。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中最后一句话"Tom … in anattempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk
of developing asthma （哮喘）."及第五段中"he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from
getting asthma"可知，地面空气污染严重导致孩子易患上疾病，汤姆想要做点什么来阻止孩子患上哮喘。由
此可推测，他通过在自己的宠物狗身上安装污染检测器，以此来记录地面附近的污染物水平是为了对儿童
的健康风险提出警告，引起政府重视。故答案选：A。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中" he said, 'why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the
pollution? '"可知，汤姆想出了在自己的宠物狗身上安装污染检测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平的方法。
由此可推测，他是一个富有创造力的人。故答案选：C。
39.2020北京卷 C篇
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten
techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）
consisting of nearly 1, 000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
The author's intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for
his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author
described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it, " she says.
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing
around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal
how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced
them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English
medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in
order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before
time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These
sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing
works of art as they originally appeared—something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
2.According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to .
A.restore old workshops B.understand the craftsmen
C.improve visual effects D.inspire the philosophers
3.Why does the author mention museums?
A.To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B.To present the findings of old science.
C.To highlight the importance of antiques. D.To emphasise the values of hand skills.
【答案】2.B 3.D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了在过去的五年里，科学历史学家葆拉·史密斯一直致力于
重新创造被遗忘已久的技术并强调了手工技艺的重要性。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中第二句话 "Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠） … can
reveal how they viewed the world, …, and what went on in the workshops that produced them." 可知，通过重建
作品可以展示当时的工匠如何看待世界，他们家里有什么物品，以及生产这些物品的车间里发生了什么。
由此推知，重建作品是为了了解创造这些作品的工匠。故答案选：B。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中第二句话 "One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. "
可知，作者认为要想保护好一件东西，必须先知道它是怎么制作的。博物馆的主要职责正是保护文物，由
此可推测，作者在此处提到博物馆是想强调手工技艺的重要性。故答案选：D。
40.2020北京卷D篇
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced（强化）
by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does
eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with
recognisably human motivations such as aggression（敌对行为）. Instead, I agree with Oxford University
philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn
against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities
presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's
foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.
3.As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is .
A.supportive B.disapproving C.fearful D.uncertain
4.What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?
A.It may be only a dream. B.It will come into being soon.
C.It will be controlled by humans. D.It may be more dangerous than ever.
【答案】3.B 4.A
【解析】（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。人工智能虽然正在变得无处不在，但是仍然存在着一些局限
性。本文主要围绕着AGI，即通用人工智能进行了介绍。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom"可
知，作者同意牛津大学哲学家尼克·博斯特罗姆的观点。Insead表示 "相反" ，由此可推测，他不同意前面
提到的Irving Good的观点。A. supportive 支持的；B. disapproving 不赞成的；C. fearful 担心的；D.
uncertain 不确定的。故答案选：B。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中最后一句话"And, … , I believe there is good reason to doubt that we
will see AGI any time soon, if ever."可知，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智能研究人员交谈后，作者怀疑我们
是否会很快看到AGI。由此可推测，AGI的实现还没有现实基础，可能仅仅只是一个梦。故答案选：A。
41.2020全国2. C篇
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, "To give people a guilt-free
option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing, at
least here in New York." Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that
using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria
fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
4.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A.It's formal. B.It's risky. C.It's harmful. D.It's traditional.
【答案】4.B
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了海狸鼠这种动物对环境造成了破坏，因此环保主义者和时尚爱
好者正在试图把海狸鼠的皮毛投入市场中。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"…they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think
that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York"可知，根据摩根的话可以推断，在美国纽约穿皮
毛大衣会被人泼颜料，这是一个比较严重的事情，因此推断出这是一个危险性的行为。故选B。
42.2020全国2. D篇
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an
enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while
other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did
everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I
had several children and books were our main source（来源） of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up
and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!
It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
Now I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library
lives on from generation to generation.
As a novelist, I've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when
they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港） for readers and writers, a bridge
that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为） and
I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library.
Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
1.Which word best deseribes the author's relationship with books as a child?
A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
2.What does the underlined phrase "an added meaning" in paragaph 3 refer to?
A.Pleasure from working in the library.
B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D.A closer bond developed with the readers.
【答案】 1.C 2.B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句的内容 "Stories were like air to me… I checked out from
the library" 可知，小时候故事对于作者来说就像空气，当其他孩子打球或参加聚会时，她通过从图书馆借
来的书来体验冒险。由此可知，作者小时候和书形影不离。A. cooperative 合作的；B. uneasy 担心的；C.
inseparable 形影不离的；D. casual 随便的，偶然的。故选：C。
2.推理判断题。根据第一段至第三段的内容可知，作者自己还是孩子的时候就很喜欢去图书馆看书，
后来成了几个孩子的母亲后，她把对图书馆的热爱又通过在图书馆进行亲子阅读的方式传递给了孩子。根
据第五段的内容 "I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation" 可知，
去图书馆的那种兴奋感代代相传，对此作者很喜欢。由此可知，作者成为母亲后，图书馆给她的生活增添
的意义在于读书的乐趣在家里传了下来。故选：B。
43.2020全国3. B篇
In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A.They may be badly treated. B.They should take further training.
C.They could be traded illegally. D.They would lose popularity.
【答案】4.A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影 "猩球崛起" 上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集
在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人
猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有
些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the
studio that … which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.（在某些情况下，
让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外
拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，
让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受
到虐待。故选A项。44.2020全国3. C篇
And what does Nick think? "From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes,
I think I would."
It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been
rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together
had risen from 325, 000 in 2002 to 419, 000 in 2013.
2.What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?
A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.
【答案】2.A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临
着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
2.推理判断题。根据第五段"And what does Nick think? 'From my standpoint, it all seems to work very
well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.'"可知：尼克是怎么想的？"从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。
我推荐它吗？是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。"由此判断出，尼克对和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。
故选A。
45.2020.7浙江卷（B篇）
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In
the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the
Bellevue Transportation Department's traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider
making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
3.What can we learn from Bellevue's success?
A.It is rewarding to try new things. B.The old methods still work today.
C.It pays to put theory into practice. D.The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】 3.A
【解析】文章大意：本文主要讲了华盛顿Bellevue信号灯时间调整的原因以及研究过程。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句"the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of
welcoming new approaches."可知尝试新事物是会带来收获的。故选A。
46.2020.7浙江卷（C篇）"This works just like physical exercise, " says Francisca Then, who led the study. "After a long run, you may
feel like you're in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work—sure, you will feel tired,
but it can help your brain stay healthy. "
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter's
job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any
high-level office work. And "running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调）, "
she says. "You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries."
2.How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A.By using an expert's words. B.By making a comparison.
C.By referring to another study. D.By introducing a concept.
【答案】2.B
【解析】1.文章大意：本文介绍了有挑战性的工作能够帮助大脑保持健康。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段"'This works just like physical exercise, ' says Francisca Then, who led the
study…'After a long day at work—sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.'"描述可知，
Francisca是将有挑战性的工作与我们的日常运动锻炼做了一个对比，发现两者之间虽然方式不太一样，但
针对大脑而言，却有异曲同工之妙。故答案选B。
47.2020.5天津卷（B篇）
Parry quickly graduated from his early hearts and sharks, and started to surprise families with drawings that
captured young patients' personalities. From Snoopy to Spider-Man and bears to butterflies, there isn't much he
hasn't drawn. Most kids want superheroes sports team logos or princesses, while babies often receive scenes with
flowers, trees and sea creatures. During the last 30 years, Parry estimates he has left examples of his handiwork
over the stitches（伤口缝线） of more than 10, 000 children.
"During a time of stress for families, it's nice to be able to help them smile and laugh, " Parry said. "This is
something positive that I can do for them, which is what I like most about it."
5.What can we learn about Parry from the last two paragraphs of the passage?
A.He is eager to show others his new skills.
B.He enjoys trying new ways to help others.
C.He is looking forward to life after retirement.
D.He is more interested in knitting than drawing.【答案】5.B
【解析】1.本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了医护工作者Parry在岗位上发光发彩，助人为乐的事
迹。
5推理判断题。根据文章第六段第一句Parry quickly graduated from his early … that captured young
patients' personalities.可知，Parry喜欢尝试新的方式来帮助别人。故答案为：B。
48.2020.5天津卷（C篇）
While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping
everyone's feet firmly on the ground. A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram;
compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate
batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight
counts, this can't just be ignored.
4.What might be the biggest challenge of electric flying?
A.To improve the ground service for e-planes.
B.To find qualified technicians for e-plane industry.
C.To calculate the energy needed to power e-planes.
D.To balance power and weight of batteries ine-planes.
【答案】4.D
【解析】1.本文是一篇说明文。主要谈及了绿色航空的现状并展望了未来。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第四段第三句"Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too
heavy to get off the ground."可知携带足够的电池会使飞机太重而无法从地面上下来。在飞机上，每一个重
量都很重要，这不能被忽略。故平衡电子飞机中电池的功率和重量是一大挑战。故答案为：D。
49.2020.5天津卷（D篇）
History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）. Studying history can give us insight（洞察力）
into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a
rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance（无
知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries
by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.3.What can be concluded from Para.4?
A.It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.
B.People are willing to accept foreign cultures.
C.Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.
D.History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.
【答案】3.D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了历史是人类文明的重要组成部分，从5个方面说明了学习历
史的重要性。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段第三句"It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across
cultures."历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，可以推知历史能帮助我们提高跨文化意识。
故答案为：D。
50.2020.7天津卷（B篇）
Vinnie's face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. "Small does not mean
weak, sir, " she defended herself. "I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I've driven horses and carried water.
Making a full-length clay（粘土） figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do!"
The President's eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. "Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn't
know your background."
3.Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting .
A.her experience from other projects B.her innocent childhood in the country
C.the heavy labor she had done before D.the skill she picked up in Wisconsin
【答案】3.C
【解析】3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段中"I have driven teams of horses and…clay（粘土） figure
would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do."可知，温妮说自己驾驶着马队并随身携带水，
制作全长泥塑人物并不能减轻她的力量。这就是温妮打算做的。因此通过这句话表明温妮曾经做过很繁重
的工作。故选：C。
51.2020.7天津卷（C篇）
For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past,
sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals aresharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the
phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And
the officer can't let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief
drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device（LRAD，远程定向声波发射器）.
It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is
directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.
1.What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?
A.It causes temporary hearing loss. B.It slows down a running man.
C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect. D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others.
【答案】 1.A
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第二段中"It produces a defeating sound so painful that it temporarily disables
a person."可知，LRAD会发出一种击垮人的声音，这种声音会让人痛苦得暂时丧失能力。因此可以推断出
LRAD会暂时的使某个人听力受到损害。故选A。
52.2020.7天津卷（D篇）
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of
great achievement and men of average performance curiously and discontent. I have never known an outstanding
man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges（驱策力） count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely
ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the
ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why? "
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture
them.
"The great man, " said Mencius（孟子）, "Is he who does not lose his child's heart." Yet most of us do lose
it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only
the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark,
to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think
how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our
curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange
flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing
books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there
are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get
things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old?
Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her
first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive
than you are at this moment.
4.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
【答案】4.C
4.推理判断题。根据文章第六段可知主要讲述了遇到问题不必沮丧，要保有好奇心，第七段重点提到
了"to answer your own excuses"，即不要给自己找借口，分别列举了包括"ability"、"time"和"too old"这三个
借口。选项中C明确提到了缺少天赋和时间不应该是不采取行动的借口。故选：C。
53.2020.1浙江卷（A篇）
I never knew anyone who'd grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway, our librarian. She ran
Jackson's Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If
she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing; I
would do anything to read.My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books
for myself. She took me in to introduce me. "Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she
wants from the shelves, children or adults." Mother said.
Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same
day you'd taken it out; it made no difference to her that you'd read every word in it and needed another to start. You
could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing
them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was
extreme happiness, knew it at the time.
My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing
something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red
Riding Hood" with my brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer—in
character—"The better to eat you with, my dear, " and go back to her place in the magazine article.
1.Which of the following best described Mrs. Calloway?
A.Quiet. B.Strict C.Humorous. D.Considerate.
2.What do the underlined words "this feeling" refer to in the last paragraph?
A.Desire to read. B.Love for Mrs. Calloway.
C.Interest in games. D.Fear of the library rules.
【答案】 1.B 2.A
【解析】
1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段I never knew anyone who'd grown up in Jackson without being afraid of
Mrs. Calloway, our librarian. 及第三段第一句话Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. 可知，作为图
书管理员的Mrs. Calloway制定自己的规则，包括 "Silence" 、穿的衣服、以及借书规则，因此Mrs.
Calloway很严格，【答案】为B。quiet安静的，humorous幽默的，considerate考虑周到的。
2.推理判断题。由第三段From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme
happiness, knew it at the time.可知， "我" 一到家就阅读并且认为阅读是极其快乐的时光，所以 "我" 是非
常 "渴望阅读" ，【答案】为A。
54.2020.1浙江卷（B篇）
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free-by spreading on them cheese
bring, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella.Wisconsin. also called "America's Dairyland, " is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds
of cheese last year! As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese bring. Disposing of（处置）the bring can be
expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste?
Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water's freezing point, causing ice to melt（融
化）. But using cheese bring could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.
Cheese bring has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese bring could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many people suspect that
all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the same compound（化合物）in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless,
right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million
tons of salt on U. S. roads every year!
The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants, and
eat away soil. By spreading cheese bring on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut
its rock salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese bring has a downside too—a smell similar to that of bad milk. "I don't really mind it, " Email Norby
told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin's county highway commissions and came up with
the idea of using cheese bring. "Our roads smell like Wisconsin!" he said.
3.Milwaukee's new way to de-ice streets may be an example of .
A.barking up the wrong tree B.putting the cart before the horse
C.robbing Peter to pay Paul D.killing two birds with one stone
【答案】 3.D
【解析】3.推理判断题。根据全文可知，新的路面除冰方法不仅可以省钱，对于环境也有好处，所以
满足D选项的 "一石二鸟" 。A选项表示精力用在不该有的地方，B选项表示本末倒置，C选项表示借东
还西。故选D。
55.2020.1浙江卷（B篇）
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence（毅力）,
a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University
discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American
families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in
school.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers." Padilla-Walker said. "This research
also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can he taught-are key to a child's life success."
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an "authoritative" parenting style. Authoritative parenting
is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the
following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father; responsibility and the reasons behind
rules are stressed; children are given an appropriate level of autonomy（自主权）.
In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key
finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop
persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined la to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that
single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.
2.What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A.Ignore their demands. B.Make decisions for them.
C.Control their behaviors. D.Explain the rules to them.
【答案】2.D
【解析】 2.推理判断题。根据第4段第2句话 "Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid,
demanding or controlling.“权威型父母不是专制主义者：死板的、要求高的或者有掌控欲的" ，所以当权威
型父亲抚养孩子时，他肯定不会忽视他们的需求、为他们做决定或者控制他们的行为，所以排除ABC，D
选项 "给他们解释规则" 符合题意，故选D。
56.2020年全国III卷（D篇）
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes ( 基因 ), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and
northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the
Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱)
in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii
researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the
Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the
task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo.
She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
( )What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. Recent findings of human origin.
C. New knowledge of human evolution. D. Significance of food selection.
最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人
因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。判断题。根据第一段的We are the products of
evolution, … they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.（我们是进化的产
物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千
年进化的例子）可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在
最近几千年也在进化。C. New knowledge of human evolution.（人类进化的新知识）符合以上说法，故选C
项。
57.2020江苏卷B篇
As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and
villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often
just as important for the community as their original purpose.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a
lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for 1 pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.
Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates
repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of
the boxes generated around 400 to rent.
Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. "I like what they are to people,
and I enjoy bringing things back," he said.
3.The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of .
A.their new appearance and lower prices B.the push of the local organizations
C.their changed roles and functions D.the big funding of the businessmen
【答案】 3.C
【解析】
3.推理判断题。根据第五段As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes
began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar
sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.（随着英格利斯和
后来的其他商人开始工作，重新利用的电话亭开始在城市和乡村重新出现，人们发现了它们的新用途。今
天，它们再次成为人们熟悉的景象，扮演着与它们最初的目的同样重要的角色）和第六段中In rural areas,
where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.（在农
村地区，救护车要花相当长的时间才能到达，电话亭就起到了拯救生命的作用）以及第七段中Others also
looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities.（其他人也在电话亭寻找商机）可知，电话亭之所以
变得流行，主要是因为它们的角色和功能发生了变化。故选C。
58.2020江苏卷C篇
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.
Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these
genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout
the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men
had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to
skip eating first.
4.What could be learned from the research?
A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
【答案】4.D
【解析】4.推理判断题。根据最后一段The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health
benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.可知，这些结果的含义是，为了从运动中获得最大的
健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。
59.2020江苏卷 D 篇
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on
a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often
than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village
without running water or electricity. It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little
misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer.
I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same
language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match
ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, "In your home, do you have a
moon too?" I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe
(敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world, In Juan's world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan's
world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and
found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan's
village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that
way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan's question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part,
an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of
insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and
do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they
appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system
discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The
second drawer began to fill and as it did, I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just
species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for
these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
1.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A.Out of place. B.Full of joy. C.Sleepy. D.Regretful.
3.Why was the author surprised at Juan's question about the moon?
A.The question was too straightforward. B.Juan knew so little about the world.
C.The author didn't know how to answer. D.The author didn't think Juan was sincere.
4.What was the author's initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A.To sort out what we have known. B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C.To improve his reputation as a biologist. D.To learn more about local cultures.
【答案】 1.A 3.B 4.A
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段中“We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs,
and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不
会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可
知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中“In Juan's world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”
在Juan的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。可知，Juan对这个世界知之甚少。故选
B。
4.推理判断题。根据第七段中“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new
spider..., and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general
discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species... I started a third drawer for these big
discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新猴子、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的
抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现：在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物
种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。可知，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知
道的事情。故选A。60.2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）B篇
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲)
to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my
heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her
children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation
graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that's pretty powerful.
4.What can we learn from Jennifer's story?
A.Time is money. B.Love breaks down barriers.
C.Hard work pays off. D.Education is the key to success.
【答案】4.C
【解析】
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with
honors.（虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业）和However, her
children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation
graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that's pretty powerful.（然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位
的过程中学到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大
的。）可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时
也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays
off.（努力会得到回报）符合以上说法，故选C。
61.2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）C篇
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that . Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
3.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.
4.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To introduce a book. B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer. D.To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】3.B 4.A
【解析】
3.推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr. Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，
也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr. Bissell欣赏到了建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀
疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒
会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他
经历了很多事情。结合选项可知，B选项（充满事件的，多事的）可以表达此意。故选B。
4.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他
的书《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。可知，本
文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
62.2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）C篇
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost
Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,
where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American
travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of
foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of
society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a
taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼)
followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and
fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well
as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of
reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
( )What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书
《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。可知，本文的
写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
63.2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）D篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our
eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other
case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took
significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this
fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll
adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results
of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
3.Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A.To see how she would affect the participants.
B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
4.On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph?
A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.
【答案】 1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C
【解析】
3.推理判断题。根据第二段中To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers
conducted two experiments.可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒
数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平
常多。然而，当演员瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如
何影响参与者。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit
because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and
keep slim, why can't I?”如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。
但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多并且保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 可知，我们是
根据我们对他人的看法来调整影响的。故选C。
64.2020海南（B篇）The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15
years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the
water pistol（手枪）.
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
"Please bring that pistol to me, " I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box."
"What's that? " they asked.
"It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren, " replied.
"You don't have grandchildren, " someone said.
"I don't know, " I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to
describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken
away-since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would
return the belonging.
The years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's class. Then
someone said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on, instead of coming to ask their possessions
back, the students would say, "That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon."
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They
enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas l received a surprise gift—a large,
beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandma's Box a reality.
4.What can we infer about the author?
A.She enjoys telling jokes. B.She is a strict and smart teacher.
C.She loves doing woodwork. D..She is a responsible grandmother.
【答案】4.B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个 "奶奶的
盒子" 的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一
年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将 "奶奶的盒子" 变成了现实。
4.推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的 "禁果" ，说明作者对待学
生很严格；同时作者又想出了 "奶奶的盒子" 这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作者很聪明，由此可
推知，作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。故选：B。65.2020海南（C篇）
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or
engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context
in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality
materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with
seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
2.Which of the following is Dr. Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?
A.No design is well received everywhere
B.Construction is more important than design.
C.Not all disasters are caused by engineering design.
D..Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
【答案】 2C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程
设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
2推理判断题。根据文章第三段 "Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the
person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view
to consider the larger context in which such failures occur…suddenly, it does not work at all anymore." 可知，虽
然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯
基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾
难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选：C。
66.2020海南（D篇）
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never
actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases
and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb,
jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is
actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
3.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?
A.For more sunlight. B.For more growing space.
C.For self-protection. D..For the detection of insects.【【答案】】3.C
【解析】本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为 "世界上最大的药房"，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植
物提炼。热带雨林也享有 "地球之肺" 的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚
马逊热带雨林产生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段 "Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree
diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars." 得知，科学家们认为，这是植物防
止树木疾病传播的一种方式，也会让毛毛虫等食叶昆虫的生活更加困难。可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树
枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护，故选：C。
四、实战演练
1.
A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the
liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent
water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to
find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky
plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces
can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to
make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the
hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and
out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s
center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point
of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects
on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is
full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need
a drink.
32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive.C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话可知制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放在一个小包，系在腰间。说
明制作蒸馏器的设备和轻便，portable表示轻便的，手提的，故选D。
35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form.
A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole
C. the open air D. beneath the sheet
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。结合第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small
drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来直到
形成小水滴落在杯子里。覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里。所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故
选D。
2.
When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian
Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring
plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants
pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying
out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty .They pump out
perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables
are turned .The attacker who are natural enemies to the attackers . Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The
attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually
more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and
knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of
pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors
just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the
world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.
35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The word is changing faster than ever.
B. People have stronger senses than before
C. The world is more complex than it seems
D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.
【答案】 C
【解析】推理判断题。根据imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we
can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on. 可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的
更热闹，更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。
3.
Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up
popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year
history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish,
another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30
years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building.
Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small
town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that
the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town,” he said. “Now the area is
mostly office buildings and warehouses.”
Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum
and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold thebuilding and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the
theater is located.
The theater audience said good-by as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza
Theater has shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.
25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?
A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was about the history of the town.
C. The audience requested it. D. The theater owner found it suitable.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，剧院老板选择这部戏剧的因为是这部戏剧本身讲述的就是小
镇上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，恰好能反映出the Plaza Theater的现状。
27. What can we infer about the audience?
A. They are disappointed with Bradford.
B. They are sad to part with the old theater.
C. They are supportive of the city officials.
D. They are eager to have a shopping center.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say
good-bye to the old building.”可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。
4.
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves
were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to
more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United
States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically
disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were
fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food
sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), whichreduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes
killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.
As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.
They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan
because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over
how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and
red fores have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists
decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章末段末句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，是很值得推
广的。
5.
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory
named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key
stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among
older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers
which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations.
Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important
for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people
avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is
that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to
understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address
these problems.
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we
found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed
limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of
preventing that.
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay
safer behind the wheel.”
33.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A. It keeps them independent.
B. It helps them save time.
C. It builds up their strength.
D. It cures their mental illnesses.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe所说的内容 “driving is important for preserving their
independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others”可知，在Phil Blythe
看来，能够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活的重要条件。
34.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A. Improve their driving skills.
B. Develop driver-assist technologies.
C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D. Organize regular physical checkups.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三段内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来帮助
老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多独立的生活。
6.
It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were
waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbeeshivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well —
Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground, “Paris’s eye rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was
an emergency.”
It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die.
At first no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”
CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through
the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew
it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, “It was scary. I
knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylor.
Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school
nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed
with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.
“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone
nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel
more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”
57.Why does Paris say she was lucky?
A. She made a worthy friend.
B. She recovered from shock.
C. She received immediate CPR.
D. She came back on the softball team.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.”可知大多数
人都没有这样的疾病中活过来，她的队友们给她进行及时的心脏复苏，以及一系列的救治，把她救了回来，
因此她觉得自己很幸运，故选C。
58.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?
A. Enthusiastic and kind.B. Courageous and calm.
C. Cooperative and generous.
D. Ambitious and professional.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。Taylor根据自己所学的CPR知识及时的挽救了 Paris的生命，虽然犹豫了，但是很
快地进行CPR抢救，说明她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那样陷入惊慌之中，故选B。
7.
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the
United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback,
caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115
measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates
are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which
protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too
young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a
free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California,
where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last
year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who
refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be
required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免),
sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does
enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not
good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone
shares in the risks.
65. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A．The overuse of vaccine.
B．The lack of medical care.
C．The features of measles itself.
D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine
movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对注射疫苗的运动和迅速传播的错误信
息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，故选D。
8.
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The
real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving
something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the
field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with
whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the
machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a
wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by
humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is
dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure
success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not
careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose
objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.
Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficultquestions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we
have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are
probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be
dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as
long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can
just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think
that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated,
with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking
moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导)
nuclear chain reaction.
67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician
【答案】 A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may
become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正
问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一
些事情，故选A。
68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .
A. prevent themselves from being destroyed
B achieve their original goals independently
C. do anything successfully with given orders
D. beat humans in international chess matches
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we
usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.可知，原因是保护它自己的存在的一种愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选
A。
69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .
A. help super intelligent machines work better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines from being harmed
D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the
real world.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选
D。
70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the development of AI.
B. It will get worse with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，
也就是很困难。故选C。
9.
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a
panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and
then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in
front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would
eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of thelandscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her
observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway.
And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape,
beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a
wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some
stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know
has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others’ space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all
appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than
us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only
by a thin square of glass.
44. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.
A. the need to be close to nature
B. the importance of private space
C. the joy of the vacation in Italy
D. the shared passion for beauty
【答案】D
【解析】根据倒数第二段中Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty,可以判
断出：挂在卧室墙上的照片使作者更好的理解了人们共有的欣赏追求美的激情。故选D。
10.
This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous
vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in
crashes where lives might be lost.
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area
between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it
never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the
driving wheel — to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.
“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully
driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.
“The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduces earlier this year, insists that a human “ be
watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless
cars’, people expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “You know — no driver.”
Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated
without operation.
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at
Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless
vehicles are being launched.
That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless
cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.
47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to __________.
A. stop people from breaking traffic rules
B. help promote fully automatic driving
C. protect drivers of all ages and races
D. prevent serious property damage
【答案】B
【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段的句子The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death
valley” of autonomous vehicles:和第四段内容The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic
driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.可以判
断出这个提议被提出是为了推动完全自动化的驾驶。故选B。
