文档内容
专题 43 概要写作高分技巧与演练（原卷版）
目录
专题43 概要写作高分技巧与演练（原卷版）........................................1
Part 1命题解读...............................................................1
Part 2思维导图...............................................................2
Part 3 概要写作评分标准及解读................................................2
（1）总结...................................................................3
（2）评分原则...............................................................3
（3）高考真题与样卷特点.....................................................4
Part 4四步突破法.............................................................4
第1步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构..........................................4
第2步：去次留精，提炼关键信息..........................................4
第3步：归纳要点，合理转换表达..........................................5
第4步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接..........................................5
Part 5高考真题...............................................................6
1． 2019年6月浙江卷........................................................6
2． 2018年11月浙江卷.......................................................7
3． 考试说明样卷............................................................8
Part 7模拟演练...............................................................9
1. 1........................................................................9
2. 2.......................................................................10
3. 3.......................................................................11
4. 4.......................................................................12
5. 5.......................................................................13Part 1命题解读
概要写作是新高考启用的新题型，给出一篇 300字左右的文章(体裁多为说明文、记叙文，练习时
偶见其它文体)，要求缩写成一篇不超过60字的小短文，缩写的内
容覆盖原文的要点。
概要写作是对原文的高度浓缩，是阅读者在不改变原文的中
心思想、体裁和结构的前提下用简洁、精炼的语言表述一篇文章
的主要内容、基本观点或事实。它主要包括阅读和写作两个过
程。
Part 2思维导图
Part 3 概要写作评分标准及解读
档次 描述
第五档 —理解准确，涵盖全部要点；
（21-25） —能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；
—完全使用自己的语言。第四档 —理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点；
（16-20） —所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达；
—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；
—有个别整句抄自原文。
第三档 —理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点；
（11-15） —所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达；
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使上下文内容连贯；
—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
第二档 —理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点；
（6-10） —有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达；
—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性；
—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
第一档 —没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符；
（1-5） —有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达；
—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯；
—多个句子抄自原文。
0 白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
（1）总结
1.简洁性：即用尽量少的语言对较长原文的简洁重述；
2.自主性：即用自己的话语进行概写，避免对原文进行抄袭照搬；
3.理解性：即表现作者对原文本的精准理解。需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也
不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句；
4.忠实性：即概写内容和中心思想必须忠于原文主旨，不可偏离主题、肆意篡改；
5.连贯性：概要写作并非简单罗列要点，各个要点之间要有恰当衔接，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清
晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
（2）评分原则
1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定
或调整档次，最后给分。
3. 词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
4. 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
(1) 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2) 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
(3) 上下文的连贯性；
(4) 对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6. 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
（3）高考真题与样卷特点
卷别 长度 体裁 主题 类型
2019. 6 369 说明文 父母如何恰当表扬孩子 概要
2018. 11 358 说明文 在申请大学前，最好亲自提前了解大学相关信 概要
息
考试说明样卷 398 议论文 在历史发展过程中，人们对于灰尘的看法在不
断地发生变化 概要
Part 4四步突破法
第1步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
写概要之前，一定要先通读原文， 确定文章的体裁和主题。在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明
确原文的篇章结构。 根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。
[提醒] 一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要
点。
第2步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
·明确全文的篇章结构后， 就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。
·先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。
·原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。例如： — or the radi o. People who tend to about 70 ( 卡路里 ) per meal than those who rush through
their meals. ， and try to . And while you're at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down,
turn relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.( 画线部分为主题句 )
本段落主要内容为吃饭慢减少对热量的摄入，因此要将用餐时间延长至至少三十分钟。用自己的语
言将画线部分重组后，关键信息如下：Record the time and set dinner time for half an hour as eating slowly
helps take in less calories.
第3步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。 为避免和原文
的句子重复， 可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇
幅来定，分清主次。
转换表达注意遵循2个原则
①不增不减不曲：客观精准地表述原文要点，不增添不属于原材料的信息或删减原材料关键信息或改
变原材料所表达的意思。
②不繁：在正确理解原文的前提下，用简洁的语言表达与所给材料一致的信息。
例如：Your house may have an on your . Experts say the way you your could whether you pack on
the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are
some to turn your into part of your plan .(画线句为主题句)
主题句关键词如画线所示：The_way you design your home may have an effect on your figure.
Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
转换表达时可利用同义替换将ways改为tips; The way you design your home改为How to have your
home designed。主题句转换为How to have your home designed affects your figure. Below are tips to design
your home to help diet.
第4步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复
杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。
【策略演示】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2018年11月，浙江卷) It's a really to before you apply because their websites can all start to look and
sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园)
like
visiting_and_seeing_for_yourself_the_dorms,_classrooms_and_athletic_equipment_and,_of_course,_the_students.
It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if .
But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you
can to make sure you are making the right one.
There's not to the in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited
campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby,
！
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should between applying and
getting your acceptance letters to the you'd like to attend. It_can_save_you_a_lot_of_heartache if you rule out
now the things that you don't like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then the at CollegeWeekLive . It's a chance to chat
online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won't cost you a penny! You can
register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can't take the place
of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an
informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
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Part 5高考真题
1．2019年6月浙江卷
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and
Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more
strict." By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it maybe just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try
new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.
Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too
much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying
hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the
quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does
something that deserves a verbal reward. "We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves
and work hard to achieve a goal, " says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and
Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard,
you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome
can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book
report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate （相称的）to the
amount of effort your child has put into it.
2．2018年11月浙江卷
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound
the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus （校园）
like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It
seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the
schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a
decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the
right one.
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if
you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility, but if
you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between
applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend. It can save you a lot of
headache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn't know
unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at College
WeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors （顾问）, and it
won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive. com. While visiting an
online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your
other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
3．考试说明样卷
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about
attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical
opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was
though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king
of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.
Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered
that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice
neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply
and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved
beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white,
cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children
off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an
American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.
And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.Part 7模拟演练
1. 1
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It is important that you teach your baby to read at an early age. Why? Obviously, being able to read is the basis
for any successful education, so the earlier they start, the better. All too often, parents leave educating their children
up to schools, which probably explains why the United States is currently ranked 18th in its rate of reading and
writing.
Teaching your baby to read provides brain exercise and it has also been shown to increase the baby’s IQ
because there is simply no better time in a person’s life for learning than when they are babies. During this time,
their brains are developing rapidly. The sooner they begin to read, the sooner they can begin to learn other subjects.
This way, by the time your children begin school, they will already know what’s being taught, and will be put on
the fast track. Maybe they will even skip a grade down the road. One of the cases was 17-month-old Elizabeth
Barrett who drew public’s attention. She was given a series of words and even sentences that she could read quite
well. Her parents had been reading to her since she was born and had provided her with a very early education.
Reading is the most important thing to teach babies at a young age. It doesn’t have to be stressful or difficult
for your child. Learning can be fun at such an early age, and it can be accomplished so easily that they won’t have
to struggle in order to learn.
If you’re interested in teaching your baby to read，the best way to start is by spending just a few minutes
every day. Flash cards are a helpful tool. Simply show your baby matching picture on the opposite side. There are
also videos that help to teach babies to read. There is no better time to teach your baby to read than the present.
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阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The manta ray is one of the largest fishes in the world, reaching up to 29 feet in width. And manta rays are
some of the friendliest creatures. They allow divers to swim right up to them. Unfortunately, these gentle animals
are in big trouble. Since 2011, manta rays have been listed as a threatened species worldwide.
Overfishing is considered the biggest threat to giant manta numbers, both intentional and accidental. People
catch manta rays for their gill plates — the parts through which they filter their food from seawater — are sold in
China for medical purposes. Driven by the huge demand, fishermen have hunted them mercilessly. From 2010 to
2013, the number of rays killed annually to supply the gill plate market tripled to 150,000. Clearly, overfishing is
bad for any sea creature, but it’s even worse for giant manta rays. Female mantas usually have only one baby, every
two to five years. So every manta ray that was caught hurts the population in a big way.
To protect giant manta population, Peru, a country in South America, recently took a big step to protect giant
manta rays. It banned fishing for them. People who break the law can be fined or have their fishing licenses taken
away. Even manta rays caught accidentally in fishing nets must be released. Although other countries have passed
laws to protect manta rays, Peru’s may be the most important one yet, because there are more giant manta rays in
the Pacific Ocean near Peru than in any other place in the world.
Scientists working in the Manta Trust, an organization that researches manta rays, are also trying to protect
manta rays by learning more about them. Earlier this year, the organization attached video cameras, called
Crittercams, to manta rays off the west coast of Mexico. The photos the cameras collect could help researchers
predict where and when manta rays swim. The scientist could use the information to warn fishing boats to avoid
these areas, helping reduce the number of accidentally caught manta rays.
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阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents always want the best for their children and giving them; the best education is always on top of the list.
But if you think education is all they need, maybe you should think twice. Sure, you learn a lot of things in school,
but there are important lessons and skills you will need in life that one can only learn at home. Therefore, teaching
the children to do household chores is very helpful in their growth. Most families nowadays hire housemaids to do
the chores, so children don’t get to experience doing it anymore. But studies argue that it’s still necessary to let
children do them.
Helping at home can be a training place for your children to whatever responsibilities they may have in the
future. By doing so, they can learn what might be of their advantage when they grow up. “Performing chores offers
kids a feeling of self-sufficiency, helps them develop a work ethic, is tied to academic success in school, makes
them feel useful and teaches them the importance of helping others and contributing to the greater good.”
Although, most parents can also argue that it is not easy to force their children to do chores. It is a nature for
the children to refuse to do chores when they are told to. But there are ways that can turn household chores into a
more likely activity for the children. First, start them young. This doesn’t mean that you let your children do huge
tasks at an early age. You can gradually increase the level of tasks as they grow old but never ever push them too
hard. Second, appreciate every little achievement. Praise them or give them something. Children love rewards and
it drives them to do better.
Most importantly, let them know that asking them to help-out is not a punishment. Chores should never be
used as a punishment. They might get done in the short term, but the effects won’t last. This approach does not give
the child the feeling of doing something because it is the right thing to do. It only makes them hate chores and
hoping out even more. Chores should be used as a sense of purpose. Explain to them that it is for their benefit and
everything they learn from it is for their advantage.
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阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bees are very strange creatures. They have their own way of telling each other that they have found a new
flower. They bring some of its nectar (花蜜) back home and then do a little dance that shows where the flower is
and how far away it is.
In autumn the worker bees go out and collect as much nectar and pollen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they
return to make honey and store it for the long cold winter.
Bees build their own houses but they do not always have round tops like people draw them in storybooks.
They are usually five storeys high. The queen bee always has the bottom storey. In between the bottom storey and
all the rest there are bars only just wide enough for the workers to pass through. The queen bee can never go up to
the other floors because she is bigger than all the other bees. The storeys the queen can’t enter are where the store
rooms are. There are rooms for pollen, nectar and royal jellies (蜂王浆). If there is a fire the workers have to cover
the walls and entrance of the rooms. They have to move the honey and the nectar and pollen away from the hot
walls of the room.
The queen is the only that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drone. Once the queen has laid the
eggs she throws the drone out because a drone just sits around eating honey and nectar. He cannot go out and
collect pollen because drones do not have pollen-carrying things on their legs like the workers have.
Young bees are called nurses because they have to nurse the newborn bees whether they like it or not. What a
bee ends up being when it grows up depends on what it eats. If it is to be a queen it must feed on royal jellies and it
must never, ever set eyes on another queen. If it does they must fight till only one of them is still alive.
5. 5
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
College students need textbooks to help them learn and earn an academic degree. However, on top of tuition,
room and board and meals, why are textbooks so expensive? Textbooks cover many areas of knowledge. They are
prepared specifically with a lot of information that include many original pictures, special charts, and specific data.Textbooks are extremely useful to students for learning and profitable for the companies that publish them. While
textbooks can be a financial burden on the student, they can be profitable for a book scouter (侦察员).
A book scouter is an opportunist who buys cheap used books at thrift stores (二手店) or book sales, and sells
them for more money. Brand new textbooks are the most desired of books for scouters since they typically cost
over $100. Of course, used textbooks don’t cost as much. But when the scouter goes to a thrift store and book sales
at libraries, textbooks can cost as little as several dollars. So, buying used textbooks that are new is one of the most
profitable books that sellers can buy.
Unfortunately, many college textbook editions change every year, which eliminates (消除) the student’s
chance to use last year’s edition. So, they will have to pay more money for brand new textbooks. The sad reality is
that very few changes are generally made between editions.
Book scouters search for textbooks as well as other categories of books available at local thrift stores or book
sales. Textbooks that are new or relatively new are marked down to just a few dollars. Then they can be sold on
Amazon for potentially high profits. Amazon buys new textbooks for a lot more money than most other types of
books. If you want to try scouting textbooks to make a profit, buy their newest editions or the ones ahead of them.
Buy it in the best condition possible. If you live in a town or city where there is a university, you have a better
chance of finding good textbooks.
Although textbooks can be expensive for the average student, he or she could potentially sell them on Amazon
for the same price that they were purchased. Just remember, knowledge is power and can be profitable too.
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