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专题05 高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句与语法填空（解析版）
一、定语从句
1. 思维导图
2. 高考真题再现
一、2022年高考真题
1.（2022新高考I卷）
The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda
Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，
并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在
从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2.（2022全国甲卷）
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car
accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的
40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在
从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3.（2022年浙江1月）
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of
academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
答案：that/who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少
数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句
中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
二、2021-2019年高考真题
1.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy
weight.
【答案】that 或 which
【解析】考查关系代词。句意：BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构
可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internationally recognized
measurement tool的定语从句，先行词为tool, 故答案为that/which。
2. （2020新课标Ⅲ卷高考真题）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词
artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in
Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作
opened一词的宾语，故用which。
4.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with
caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。
先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
5.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the
dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用
that或which引导。故填that/which。
6.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所
大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
7.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally
engaged(参与)in academic life.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ aretotally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填
who或that。
8.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66
showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all
causes (cause).
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
9.【2018·新课标 II 卷·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导
后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
10.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own
countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】that或who
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，
用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
3. 考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则
(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用who。
(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用
whom。(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用
which。
(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语
或宾语, 则用that或which。
(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物, 则用
which。
4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
1. 引导定语从句的关系词；
2. 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；
3. “介词＋关系代词”的结构；
4. 关系词之间的异同及选用。
考点1 定语从句的种类
(1)限制性定语从句
从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。
This is the house which we bought last month.
(2)非限制性定语从句
从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
考点2 关系代词与关系副词
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom,which和Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.
whom 人 宾语
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
that在从句中作
I like those books whose topics are about history.
whose 人、物 定语 宾语时,常可以省
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
略,但介词提前时
系
A plane is a machine that can fly. 后面关系代词不
主语、宾
代 that 人、物 能省略,也不可以
语
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
用that
词
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
主语、宾
which 物
语
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
主语、宾 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. as作宾语一般不
as 人、物
语 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 省略
可用on which替
when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.
关 换
系 可用in which替
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born.
副 换
词 可用for which替
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
换
考点3 关系代词that和which的特殊用法
1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况：
(1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。
I will tell you everything that I know.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to?
(3)先行词被the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some等限定词修饰。
Chatting is the only thing that interests her.
(4)先行词中既有人也有物。
The things and persons that they mentioned are strange to me.
(5)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
Who is the boy that is lying under the tree?
2. 先行词指物时，只用关系代词which的情况：
(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中。
The house in which we live is very large.
(2)非限制性定语从句中。
He changed his mind, which made me angry.
(3)先行词本身是that。What is that which you have put into your schoolbag just now?
考点4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
类别 语法意义及特征 例句
对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完
限制性定语从 The accident happened at the time
整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分
句 when I left.
开
对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,
非限制性定语 His mother,whom he loved
较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,
从句 deeply,died ten years ago.
不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略
考点5 关系代词as和which的区别
1. 位置不同。
as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。
As we all know, life is not a bed of roses.
Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know.
2. 意义不同。
as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用；
which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。
As often happened, they won the football game again.
It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out.
3. 当先行词被such, so, as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句。
Such books as you want are sold out.
二、名词性从句
1. 思维导图2. 高考真题再现
一、2022年高考真题
(2022年北京卷)
It’s easy to explain how we determine 15 smells are dangerous or not.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：很容易解释我们如何确定气味是否危险。分析题目，当引导的从句中出
现or not时，通常用whether，whether表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。故填whether。
二、2021-2019年高考真题
1.（2021.6 新高考 1 卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and
Winding Road". 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.【答案】what
【解析】1： 考查名词性从句。分析题目，空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知，_____is so breathing
about the experience 作 is 的主语，为主语从句。从句中缺少主语，指代事情；且空格位于句首。故填
What。
2. （2020浙江高考真题）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or
gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而
更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代
词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
3.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所
大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
4.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the
way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语
从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
3. 考试技巧
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略 名词性从句做题两步骤
第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用
连接代词; 若缺少状语就用连接副词; 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if; 如果
不缺少成分且意思完整用that。4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
5. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法；
6. 易混引导词的辨析；
7. 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的区分。
考点1 基本用法
引导词
常见引导词 作用
类别
what, which, who, whose, whom, 有词义，在从句中担任主语、表语、
连接代词
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 宾语、或定语等成分
how, when, where, why, however,
连接副词 有词义，在从句中担任状语成分
whenever, wherever
除that外均有词义，在从句中不担任
从属连词 that, whether, if
成分，只起连接作用
考点2 主语从句
1. 引导词
在复合句中充当主句主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的常见引导词有：
(1)从属连词： that, whether, if
(2)连接代词：what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(3)连接副词：how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever
2. it作形式主语
在通常情况下，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句尾。用it作形式主语
通常有以下四种句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容词＋从句：
It is necessary that... 有必要……
It is important that... 重要的是……
It is obvious that... 很明显……
(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋从句：
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It has been decided that... 已决定……(3)It＋be＋名词(短语)＋从句：
It is common knowledge that... ……是常识
It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that... 事实是……
(4)It＋不及物动词/动词短语＋从句：
It appears that... 似乎……
It happens that... 碰巧……
It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想起……
It doesn’t matter whether... ……没有关系
考点3 宾语从句
动词+宾语从句 I want to know what he has told you.
介词+wh-类连接词引导的宾语
His father is worried about whether he would lose his work.
从句
Have you heard anything beyond that he is ill?
besides/beyond/but/except/that (除了) Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps us
correct our mistakes.
find,feel,think,consider,make,beli
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every
eve等+it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾
day.
语从句
hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
等+it+宾语从句
形容词+宾语从句 I’m sure that they can make it.
考点4 表语从句
1. 引导词
在复合句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句，可接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste,
feel, remain, appear等。表语从句的常见引导词有：
(1)从属连词： that, whether
(2)连接代词： what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(3)连接副词： how, when, where, why
2. 几种特殊的表语从句(1) as if/though 引导的表语从句
此类表语从句常出现在seem, look, sound, taste, feel, appear等连系动词后，从句可用陈述语气，也可用
虚拟语气。
It sounds as if you are from Canada.
It seemed as if she had heard the news.
(2) because和why引导的表语从句
此类表语从句常用于以下句型：
this/that is why... 这/那是……的原因
this/that is because... 这/那是因为……
注意：主句主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，而不用because或why。
The accident that happened yesterday was because the driver had been drunk.
The reason for yesterday’s accident is that the driver was drunk.
考点5 同位语从句
常见的能接同位语从 belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer
句的名词 ,decision,explanation,information,thought,word
同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代
引导词
词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship
encouraged us all greatly.
例句
The question where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided.
考点6 连词whether和if在名词性从句中的使用
1. 用whether或if均可的情况
(1) whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可。
(2) it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall study abroad.
2. 用whether而不用if的情况
(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首
Whether we will go camping depends on the weather.
Whether he will succeed, I can’t say.
(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句
The question is whether we can get in touch with him.
He must answer the question whether he will attend the meeting.(3)引导介词的宾语从句
Everything depends on whether we have free time.
(4)引导词与or not连用
He doesn’t know whether or not he is going to stay.
(5)引导词后接to do
They needed more time to consider whether to hold a meeting.
(6)有些动词如discuss, decide等后的宾语从句
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
(7)避免用if引导产生歧义
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
三、模拟演练
1.（2022·浙江嘉兴·二模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A second-grade education has not stopped garbage collector Jose Gutierrez, aged 53, from bringing the gift of
reading to thousands of Colombian ____61____ (child).
Gutierrez started rescuing books from the garbage nearly 20 years ago. He always drove a garbage truck
through the country’s wealthier neighborhoods. Over time, the ____62____ (abandon) reading material slowly
piled up. And now the ground floor of his small house is fled from floor to ceiling ____63____ some 20,000
books, ranging from chemistry textbooks to classics for kids.
He says books are treasures for kids in low-income neighborhoods such as ____64____ (he). New reading
material at bookstores is too expensive and public libraries tend ____65____ (be) far away from poorer areas.
“This should be on each corner of every neighborhood,” says Gutierrez. He has a love of reading ____66____ he
says comes from his mother. She always read to him even though she was ____67____ poor to keep him in
school.
So far, Gutierrez ____68____ (travel) to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to share his experience of starting a
library. “To me, the book is the greatest ____69____ (invent) that can happen to a human being,” he says, adding
that he does not reject technology that allows books to be read _____70_____ (digital), but he prefers to read the
printed words on paper.
答案：61．children
62．abandoned
63．with
64．his
65．to be
66．that##which
67．too
68．has traveled##has travelled
69．invention
70．digitally
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了53岁的拾荒者Jose Gutierrez，在二十年来，一直将垃圾中的
书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚孩子们。
61．考查名词的数。句意：小学二年级的教育并没有阻止 53岁的拾荒者Jose Gutierrez把阅读这份礼物带
给成千上万的哥伦比亚孩子。child为单数可数名词，根据上文的“thousands of”可知，空处需要用child的
复数形式。故填children。
62．考查形容词。句意：随着时间的推移，被遗弃的阅读材料慢慢堆积起来。根据下文的“reading
material”可知，空处需要用形容词修饰名词。再根据上文可知，这些书都是从垃圾中整理出来的，也就是
被丢弃的。故填abandoned。
63．考查介词。句意：现在，他的小房子的一层从地板到天花板都堆满了书，大约 2万本，从化学课本到
经典儿童读物。根据下文“some 20,000 books”可知，空处填介词，表示“有”。故填with。
64．考查代词。句意：他说，对于像他这样的低收入社区的孩子来说，书是宝贵的财富。空处指的是“他
的社区”，用名词性物主代词，表示“his neighborhood”。故填his。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：书店的新读物太贵，而公共图书馆往往远离贫困地区。短语 tend to do sth.倾
向于做某事。故填to be。
66．考查定语从句。句意：他喜欢阅读，他说这是受他母亲的影响。句中先行词为 a love of reading，在定
语从句中担当宾语从句的主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
67．考查副词。句意：即使她穷得不能供他上学，她也总是读书给他听。短语too…to do sth.太……而不能
做某事。故填too。
68．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，Gutierrez已经去过墨西哥和智利的书展，分享他创办图书
馆的经验。根据so far可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语单数，所以用has。故填has travel(l)ed。69．考查名词。句意：他说：“对我来说，书是人类最伟大的发明。” 他补充说，他并不排斥数字化阅
读的技术，但他更喜欢阅读纸质印刷的文字。根据上文“the greatest”可知，空处需填名词形式，且主语为
the book单数，所以用单数形式。故填invention。
70．考查副词。句意：他说：“对我来说，书是人类最伟大的发明。” 他补充说，他并不排斥数字化阅
读的技术，但他更喜欢阅读纸质印刷的文字。空处修饰动词read用副词形式。故填digitally。
2.（2022·新疆师范大学附属中学一模）
阅读下面短文，从空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
Being in the right place at the right time can mean the difference between life and death. When
____71____abnormal ice storm felled runners in a 100-kilometer cross-country race in China’s north-western
Gansu Province, a shepherd(牧羊人）____72____(name) Zhu Keming braved the elements to pull three men and
three women to____73____(safe).
The day of the race began with mild temperatures. Zhu was tending his sheep as usual when temperatures
____74____ (drop) quickly. Small hard balls of ice mixed with rain began to fall to the earth, and then Zhu took
shelter ____75____a small cave he'd been using for years to store emergency supplies. It was from this position
that Zhu noticed a man in obvious danger. Zhu brought the man back to the cave to warm him up. After
____76____(light) a fire, Zhu returned to the mountainside, shepherding five ____77____(addition) runners to the
cave. Unprepared for the sudden shift in the weather, most racers were outfitted in lightweight clothing that was no
match for the____78____ (extreme) cold weather.
"I want to say ____79____ grateful I am to the man who saved me," said Zhang Xiaotao, who was one of the
runners. While Zhu is now considered as a hero, the humble shepherd said," I am just an ordinary person and did
what I could_____80_____ (help) these runners.
答案：
71．an
72．named
73．safety
74．dropped
75．in
76．lighting
77．additional78．extremely
79．how
80．to help
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了在中国西北部甘肃省举行的一场 100公里越野比赛中，一场异常的
冰暴导致选手们摔倒，一位名叫朱克明(音译)的牧羊人不畏艰险，将三名男子和三名女子救出安全地带，
他因此而被视为英雄。
71．考查冠词。句意：在中国西北部甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野比赛中，一场异常的冰暴导致选手们
摔倒，一位名叫朱克明(音译)的牧羊人不畏艰险，将三名男子和三名女子救出安全地带。名词ice storm是
单数形式且形容词abnormal发音以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an泛指，故填an。
72．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国西北部甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野比赛中，一场异常的冰暴导致
选手们摔倒，一位名叫朱克明(音译)的牧羊人不畏艰险，将三名男子和三名女子救出安全地带。名词a
shepherd与动词name是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
73．考查名词。句意：在中国西北部甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野比赛中，一场异常的冰暴导致选手们
摔倒，一位名叫朱克明的牧羊人不畏艰险，将三名男子和三名女子救出安全地带。介词to后接名词形式，
表抽象意义，不可数，故填safety。
74．考查时态。句意：当气温迅速下降时，朱克明像往常一样在放羊。根据文章时态可知，陈述过去事情，
用一般过去时。故填dropped。
75．考查介词。句意：小而坚硬的冰球和雨水开始降落到地面上，然后朱躲进了一个小洞穴，他多年来一
直用这个洞穴来储存应急物资。名词cave前用介词in，表示“在……里面”。故填in。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：在点燃一堆火后，朱克明回到山腰，带着另外五个人跑到洞里。介词after后
接动名词作宾语。故填lighting。
77．考查形容词。句意：在点燃一堆火后，朱克明回到山腰，带着另外五个人跑到洞里。空格后是名词
runners，名词前要用形容词修饰。故填additional。
78．考查副词。句意：由于没有对天气的突然变化做好准备，大多数选手都穿着很薄的衣服，这在极端寒
冷的天气里根本不适合。形容词cold前用副词修饰。故填extremely。
79．考查感叹句。句意；“我想对救我的人说声谢谢，”参赛者之一张晓涛说。空格后形容词 grateful可
知，这是一个由how引导感叹句：how+形容词+主语+谓语！故填how。
80．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然朱克明现在被视为英雄，但这位谦卑的牧羊人说：“我只是一个普通人，
我尽我所能帮助这些选手。do what sb. can/could to do sth. 尽某人的所能做某事。故填to help。3.（2022·河南·南阳中学三模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A unique exhibition of paintings opened at the Shanghai Mental Health Center on Thursday—all the 49
paintings are created by three hospitalized artists with schizophrenia (精神分裂).
With the theme of “loud hailer”, the exhibition offers people with the mental disorder a chance to express
themselves artistically and allows their voice ______1______(hear) by the public, officials from the center said.
This can arouse ______2______(aware) and promote better understanding and support for people with mental
diseases, they added.
“Loud hailer means two-way communication. These paintings are created by patients _____3_____have been
hospitalized for a long time. They live in a ______4______(relative) closed environment. So we want to use this
exhibition to achieve communication between these hospitalized artists ____5____the audience,” said Chen
Mengyuan, the curator.
Dr Xie Bin from the Shanghai Mental Health Center said the exhibition also aims to remove the stigma (污名)
attached ______6______ people with schizophrenia.
“We hope more people with mental disease will become _______7_______(scholar), artists and even great
scientists like John Nash through medical treatment and a good ______8______(society) environment.”
Nash was an American mathematician who ________9________(award) the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics
and whose life as _______10_______schizophrenia patient was described in the movie A Beautiful Mind, based
on his book of the same name.
答案：
1．to be heard
2．awareness
3．who##that
4．relatively
5．and
6．to
7．scholars
8．social
9．was awarded
10．a【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一场独特的画展在上海精神卫生中心开幕——所有49幅画都是
由三名住院的精神分裂症艺术家创作的。此次展览以“话筒”为主题，为精神障碍患者提供了一个艺术表
达自己的机会，让公众听到他们的声音。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：据该中心的工作人员介绍，此次展览以“话筒”为主题，为精神障碍患者提
供了一个艺术表达自己的机会，让公众听到他们的声音。此处为短语allow…to do sth.表示“允许…做某
事”的意思，动词hear与被修饰的名词voice构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以要用动词不定式的被动结构。
故填to be heard。
2．考查名词。句意：他们补充说，这可以唤起人们的意识，促进对精神疾病患者的更好理解和支持。分
析句子结构可知，空格处作及物动词arouse的宾语，表示“意识”应用名词awareness，是不可数。故填
awareness。
3．考查定语从句。句意：这些画是由长期住院的病人创作的。 3 have been hospitalized for a long
time为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词patients，在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who或that引导。故
填who/that。
4．考查副词。句意：他们生活在一个相对封闭的环境中。分析句子结构可知，空格处用副词作状语
relatively修饰形容词closed。故填relatively。
5．考查连词。句意：所以我们想通过这次展览来实现这些住院艺术家和观众之间的交流。结合句子结构
和意思可知，这里表示“在……和……之间”，短语为between…and…。故填and。
6．考查固定短语。句意：上海精神卫生中心的谢斌医生说，这次展览还旨在消除人们对精神分裂症患者
的耻辱感。固定短语attach sth. to sb.，表示“把……附于……”的意思，此处是被动be attached to (被附加
到)，用过去分词短语attached to做后置定语。故填to。
7．考查名词的数。句意：我们希望通过医疗和良好的社会环境，更多的精神疾病患者能成为学者、艺术
家，甚至像约翰·纳什那样的伟大科学家。scholar为可数名词，根据后文artists and even great scientists可知，
前面没有限定词，所以用复数形式，表示泛指的意思。故填scholars。
8．考查形容词。句意：见第7题详解。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰后面的名词environment，所以应
用形容词social，作定语。故填social。
9．考查时态和语态。句意：纳什是1994年获得诺贝尔经济学奖的美国数学家，他的精神分裂症生活被改
编成电影《美丽心灵》。分析句子结构可知，who 9 (award) the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics是
定语从句，修饰先行词mathematician，在从句中做主语，与从句谓语动词award构成被动关系，根据后文
the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主
语是mathematician，所以be动词用was。故填was awarded。10．考查不定冠词。句意：见第9题详解。patient为可数名词单数，此处表泛指“一个”的意思，且
schizophrenia是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
4.（2022·辽宁·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We believe that acts of kindness can change the world for the ___11___ (good). On April 28, ___12___
(country) across the world will unite with one common goal:to stand for kindness together. Pay It Forward Day
helps conduct a series of goodness ___13___ (feel) across the globe.
Pay It Forward Day, a worldwide celebration of kindness, ___14___ (create) in 2010 in the United States,
working hard to bring forward ___15___ concept of paying it forward to the world at large. We are excited that we
now have over 80 countries ___16___ (participate) in Pay it Forward Day with over 100 state and city
proclamations.
Of course, ____17____ we all hope is that people pay kindness forward every day and make each day a little
bit brighter. We believe that small acts, when multiplied by millions of people can ___18___ (definite) have a deep
impact on the world—and on April 28th we’ll set out to prove it! For this year's international Pay it Forward
Day(PIFD)we are aiming to inspire over 10 million acts of kindness around the world. Imagine the ___19___
(different) that would make! Join us ____20____ paying it forward and help spread the word about this important
day!
答案：
11．better
12．countries
13．felt
14．was created
15．the
16．participating
17．what
18．definitely
19．difference
20．in
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Pay It Forward Day。11．考查形容词。句意：善良之举可以使世界变得更好。根据句意，此处涉及短语“for the better”（向更
好的方向发展）。故填better。
12．考查名词。句意：4月28日，世界各国将为了一个共同的目标团结在一起：共同维护善良。根据其后
修饰语“across the world”（全球的）可知，“country”应为复数意义。故填countries。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：Pay It Forward Day帮助全球开展了一系列被全球感受到的有益的活动。分析
句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词“a series of goodness”（一系列的
善举）；所填词与该名词之间是被动关系，意为“被全球都感受到的善意”。故填felt。
14．考查时态和语态。句意：Pay It Forward Day是一个世界性的慈善活动，于2010年在美国成立，旨在
向全世界推广“传递爱心”的理念。分析句子结构可知，此处要填谓语动词，所填词“create”（创造）与
句子主语Pay It Forward Day之间是被动关系；根据时间状语“in 2010”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
故填was created.
15．考查冠词。句意：Pay It Forward Day是一个世界性的慈善活动，于2010年在美国成立，旨在向全世
界推广“传递爱心”的理念。根据名词“concept”后有介词短语“of paying it forward to the world at large”修
饰限定，所以此处是特指，要填定冠词。故填the。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们很高兴，现在有80多个国家参与了Pay It Forward Day，有100多个州和
城市宣布了这一活动。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作定语修饰修饰名词
“countries”；所填词“participate”与该名词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填participating。
17．考查名词性从句。句意：当然，我们都希望人们每天都把善意传递下去，让每一天都变得更美好。分
析句子结构可知，此处“___7___ we all hope”在句中作主语；该从句谓语动词“hope”后缺少宾语，所以填
连接代词what。故填what。
18．考查副词。句意：我们相信，小的行动，如果乘以数百万人，肯定会对世界产生深远的影响——4月
28日，我们将开始证明这一点! 空格前后是情态动词“can”与实义动词“have”，所以此处要填副词。故填
definitely。
19．考查名词。句意：想象一下这会带来的不同！空格前有定冠词the，所以此处要填名词。故填
difference。
20．考查介词。句意：加入我们，把它传递出去，帮助传播这个重要的日子! 根据句意及空格前动词
“join”（加入），可知此处涉及短语“join sb. in doing sth.”（加入某人一起做某事）。故填in。
5.（2022·辽宁·阜新蒙古族自治县高级中学模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填上1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The people of Kiunga, Kenya, have been forced to drink, cook and bathe in dirty and___21___(pollute) water
for years. In 2018, GivePower, a nonprofit organization ___22___ provides solar energy solutions to regions that
need it most, installed its first-ever solar water farm, and it___23___ (provide) clean water to 3,000 people every
single day so far. The solar water farm turns the salt water of the Indian Ocean___24___ clean drinking water
through advanced filtration(过滤)systems.
The main issue is that water plants cost a lot ___25___ (run), however, solar panels have helped solve this
issue. GivePower’s solar water farm produces solar energy using ___26___ (it) solar panels. These are able to
produce 50 kilowatts of energy and power two water pumps that run 24___27___ (hour) a day. Before their solar
farm ___28___ (build), the people of Kiunga had to travel up to one hour a day just to get access to clean drinking
water.
“Just $20 provides clean, healthy, fresh water for one person for___29___entire decade!” GivePower Foundation
wrote on Instagram ___30___ (proud).
答案：
21．polluted
22．that##which
23．has provided##has been providing
24．into
25．to run
26．its
27．hours
28．was built
29．an
30．proudly
【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一家非盈利公司GivePower帮助肯尼亚的Kiunga地区的人们解决用水
问题的事迹。
21．考查形容词。句意：肯尼亚Kiunga的人民多年来一直被迫在肮脏的污水中饮水、做饭和洗澡。空处用
形容词作定语，表示“被污染的”，用polluted符合题意。故填polluted。
22．考查定语从句。句意：2018年，为最需要太阳能的地区提供太阳能解决方案的非营利组织GivePower
安装了首个太阳能水场，到目前为止，每天都为3000人提供清洁水。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导定语从句，先行词为a nonprofit organization，作后面从句的主语，且表示物，用关系代词that/which引导
定语从句。故填that/which。
23．考查动词时态。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处缺少and后面句子的谓语，根据so far可知，句子为
现在完成时，如果强调过程一直进行，用现在完成进行时。故填has provided/has been providing。
24．考查介词。 句意：太阳能水场通过先进的过滤系统将印度洋的海水转化为清洁的饮用水。turn…
into…（把……转变成……），固定短语。故填into。
25．考查非谓语动词。 句意：主要问题是水厂的运行成本很高，然而太阳能电池板帮助解决了这个问题。
分析句子结构可知，空处缺少不定式作状语，cost a lot to run意思为：运行成本很高。故填to run。
26．考查代词。 句意：GivePower的太阳能水场利用太阳能电池板生产太阳能。空处作定语，用形容词性
物主代词its。it为人称代词。故填its。
27．考查名词。句意：它们能够产生50千瓦的能量，并为两个24小时运行的水泵提供动力。24后搭配可
数名词复数形式。故填hours。
28．考查动词时态语态。句意：在他们的太阳能农场建成之前，Kiunga的人们每天要走一小时的路才能获
得干净的饮用水。Before引导时间状语从句，从句缺少谓语，build和farm为动宾关系，此处用被动语态，
且根据had to可知，句子为一般过去时，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。主语solar farm为单数。故填was
built。
29．考查冠词。句意：“只要20美元就可以为一个人提供整整十年的清洁、健康、新鲜的
水！”GivePower基金会在Instagram上自豪地写道。空格后decade是可数名词单数形式，此处表示泛指，
entire为元音音素开始发音，用不定冠词an。故填an。
30．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词wrote，用副词作状语。故填proudly。
6.（2022·江苏·模拟预测）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或用括号内单词的正确形式（至多三个单词）。
The Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games sent a thank-you
letter to volunteer applicants who were not ____31____ (previous) selected and expressed gratitude for their
support in the preparation work of the Games.
The letter says the COVID-19 pandemic ____32____ (bring) great challenges to many aspects of the
preparation work, and the committee has adjusted requirements for volunteers in ____33____ (consider) of virus
control and prevention.“____34____ you were not selected as a volunteer of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics,
every applicant is ____35____ excellent promoter for the Olympic spirit and volunteerism,” the committee says in
the letter.
Many applicants said they ____36____ (move) by the touching letter and posted their replies online. A
netizen named Joleen-kun said ____37____ (they) application had been seen, which was something to be proud of
as they were respected by the committee.
Another netizen Xiguali commented that their enthusiasm has been respected and the committee is warm to
pay attention to details, thus ____38____ (send) a letter like this.
According to the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee, more than 1 million people applied to serve
____39____ volunteers and nearly 20,000 were selected, most of _____40_____ are from colleges and
universities in Beijing and Hebei Province.
答案：
31．previously
32．has brought
33．consideration
34．Although##Though##While
35．an
36．were moved
37．their
38．sending
39．as
40．whom
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会向未入选的志愿者申请者送
去的温暖。
31．考查副词。句意：北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会向未入选的志愿者申请者发送感谢信，感谢他
们在冬奥会筹备工作中给予的支持。动词 selected 前用副词修饰作状语。故填 previously。
32．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：信中说，新冠肺炎疫情给准备工作的方方面面带来了巨大的挑战，委员
会考虑到疫情防控，调整了对志愿者的要求。根据句中的 has adjusted 并结合句意，空格处动词为现在完
成时。主语“the COVID-19 pandemic”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填 has brought。33．考查名词。句意：信中说，新冠肺炎疫情给准备工作的方方面面带来了巨大的挑战，委员会考虑到疫
情防控，调整了对志愿者的要求。空格前是介词 in，后为介词 of，固定短语 in consideration of “考虑到”。
故填consideration。
34．考查连词。句意：虽然你没有被选为北京 2022 年冬奥会和残奥会的志愿者，但每一位申请者都是奥
林匹克精神和志愿者精神的优秀推广者。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填
Although/Though/While。
35．考查冠词。句意：虽然你没有被选为北京2022年冬奥会和残奥会的志愿者，但每一位申请者都是奥林
匹克精神和志愿者精神的优秀推广者。根据句意，excellent promoter 前应为不定冠词 an，表示泛指，
excellent以元音音素开头。故填an。
36．考查时态与语态。句意：许多申请者表示，他们被这封感人的信所感动，并在网上发布了回复。根据
语境可知，描述过去发生的事情用用一般过去时。主语they与动词move之间为被动关系，所以用被动语
态，且主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。故填were moved。
37．考查代词。句意：一位名叫Joleen-kun的网友表示，他们的申请被看到了，这是值得骄傲的事情，因
为他们得到了委员会的尊重。名词application前需填形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一位网友“西瓜里”评论说，他们的热情受到了尊重，委员会注重细节的
热情也得到了尊重，所以才发了这样一封邮件。分析句子可知，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示理所应
当的结果，主语the committee与动词send 之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填sending。
39．考查介词。句意：据北京2022年冬奥会组委会介绍，超过100万人申请成为2022年北京冬奥会志愿
者，近2万人最终脱颖而出，其中大多数人来自北京和河北省的高校。serve as 表示“充当；担任”。故
填as。
40．考查定语从句。句意：据北京2022年冬奥会组委会介绍，超过100万人申请成为2022年北京冬奥会
志愿者，近2万人最终脱颖而出，其中大多数人来自北京和河北省的高校。分析句子可知，空格处引导定
语从句，先行词为volunteers，在非限定性定语从句中介词of的宾语，指人，所以用关系代词whom引导。
故填whom。
7.阅读下面材料，
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
English perfectly shows the “network effects” of a global tongue: the more people use it, the more useful it is.
Parents expect their children 1 . (master)English, which is encouraging the 2 . (grow)of private schooling.Education authorities are switching to English medium, in part to control the outflow(外流) of children into the
private sector.
Teaching children in English is fine if that is 3 . they speak at home and their parents are fluent 4 . it. But
that is not 5 . case in most public and low-cost private schools. Children are taught in a language they don’t
understand by teachers 6 . English is poor. The children learn neither English nor anything else.
Research shows that children learn 7 . (much)when they are taught in their mother tongue than they do when
they are taught in any other language. In a study of children in 12 schools in Cameroon last month, those taught in
Kom 8 . (do)better than those taught in English in all subjects.
English should be an important subject at school, but not 9 . (necessary)the language of instruction. Rather
than switching to English-medium teaching, governments fearful of 10 . (lose) custom (光顾) to the private sector
should look at the many possible ways of improving public schools.
【答案】
1. to master
2. growth
3. what
4. in
5. the
6. whose
7. more
8. did
9. necessarily
10. losing
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。短文阐述了儿童教学宜采用母语，而非英语。
1. 考查动词不定式。expect sb to do sth “期望某人做某事”为固定短语。故填 to master。
2. 考查名词。 the +名词+of...“。。。。。。。的”。故填growth。
3. 考查连接代词。分析句子可知，is后接表语从句。在表语从句中，what作speak的宾语。故填 what。
4. 考查介词。be fluent in“在......方面流利”为固定短语。故填in。
5. 考查冠词。this is not the case“情况不是这样”为固定短语。故填the。
6. 考查关系代词。分析句子可知，teachers 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作定语，所以关系代词为
whose。故填whose。7. 考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知，空处应填much的比较级more。故填more。
8. 考查一般过去时。由“last month”可知，本句为一般过去时。所以空处填did。故填did 。
9. 考查副词。necessarily为副词修饰整个句子。故填necessarily。
10. 考查动名词。of 为介词后接动名词作宾语。故填losing。
8.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pinyin is a successful tool, which 11 . (teach) in China to school kids. It is not merely used by westerners like
us. It has proved to be a useful tool for Chinese people 12 . (they) to learn standard pronunciation in their early
education.
The first step is to learn how 13 . (pronounce) each letter in pinyin correctly and the meaning of the tone
markers. Then you have to do 14 . (drill) as many as you can. Turn that into a game. It can be 15 . (much) fun
than you would expect. Start 16 . single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable pairs. Slowly move on to
larger groups. Understand the initial, final and the tones.
But most importantly, 17 . you need is good feedback. You’d better have someone that can correct your
mistakes immediately.
Find a native Chinese, 18 . can listen to you and correct you. If you take Chinese classes, the teacher will
19 . (probable) have you do drills every class. Do this very seriously.
If you are self-studying, try to meet native Chinese people and ask them to give you some feedback.
Otherwise, try to be self-critical and listen very carefully. Good 20 . (listen) is more than 50% of what it takes to
pronounce correctly.
【答案】
11. is taught
12. themselves
13. to pronounce
14. drills
15. more
16. with
17. what
18. who
19. probably20. listening
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文就如何学习好中国的拼音提出了一些建议。
11. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知，tool为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，
且与谓语teach为被动。因为本句在介绍“拼音”，所以本句为一般现在时。故填is taught 。
12. 考查反身代词。分析句子可知，拼音已被证明是中国人在早期教育中学习标准发音的有用工具。所以
Chinese people 与they的反身代词为同位关系，所以填反身代词themselves。故填themselves 。
13. 考查动词不定式。how to do sth 在句中作 learn的宾语。故填to pronounce。
14. 考查名词复数。drill为可数名词，由“as many as”可知，应填drill的复数。故填drills 。
15. 考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知，应填much的比较级more。故填 more 。
16. 考查介词。start with “以......开始”为固定短语且符合句意。故填with。
17. 考查连接代词。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，主语为 we,谓语为need，所以用what作need的宾语。
what在名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语、宾语、表语或者定语。故填what。
18. 考查关系代词。分析句子可知，a native Chinese为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语。所
以关系代词为who。故填who 。
19. 考查副词。probably为副词修饰动词have。故填probably。
20. 考查名词。Good为形容词修饰名词listening。故填listening。
9.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever met anyone of your age from America? Do you think you would have a lot 21 . common with
the middle school students there?
In fact, there are lots of 22 . (different). For example, classes in American schools are 23 . (small) than
ours. Most classes in America have no more than 30 students. Most students in the US don’t wear school uniforms,
and they never do group exercises each day the way we do. 24 . we do exercises in the morning together will make
them surprised.
In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.What’s the first thing you think
about when you get up in the morning? It’s 25 . (probable) your lessons at school. You may wonder 26 . you have
finished your homework. Chinese students are always under lots of pressure both at home 27 . at school. They
study hard at night, and sometimes even on weekends because exams are very important to them.For Chinese students, school is life, but not for American students. They don’t have to worry about passing
exams all the time, so they can spend time in and out of school 28 . (do) things they enjoy. Students do different
things for fun. Playing sports, making music and surfing the website are all their favorite activities. Many American
teachers think that 29 . (study) hard isn’t enough to make good students. They encourage students 30 . (try) lots
of different things.
【答案】
21. in
22. differences
23. smaller
24. That
25. probably
26. if/whether
27. and
28. doing
29. studying
30. to try
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章比较了美国学生和中国学生的不同之处。
21. 考查介词。句意：你认为你会和那里的中学生有很多共同之处吗?短语have sth. in common“在……方面
有共同点”。故填in。
22. 考查名词的数。句意：事实上，有很多不同之处。本句为 there be句型，缺少名词做主语，且由lots of
修饰故填名词复数形式differences。
23. 考查形容词比较级。句意：事实上，例如，美国学校的班级比我们的小。它们有很多不同之处。根据
下文than可知应填形容词比较级smaller。
24. 考查连接词。句意：我们早上一起做练习会让他们感到惊讶。本句为主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，
且位于句首，故填That。
25. 考查副词。句意：可能是你在学校上的课。本句中副词做状语修饰句子，故填probably。
26. 考查连接词。句意：你可能想知道你是否完成了家庭作业。从句中不缺少任何成分，由此可断定用
that/if/whether，结合句意可知，需用表达“是否”意思的连接词，that无意义，因此断定用if/whether。
27. 考查固定短语。句意：中国学生在家里和学校总是承受着很大的压力。短语 both…and…“两者
都……”，故填and。28. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们不必一直担心通过考试，所以他们可以花时间在学校内外做他们喜欢的
事情。短语spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，故填doing。
29. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多美国老师认为努力学习不足以成为好学生。本句为宾语从句，从句中需
要动名词短语做主语，故填studying。
30. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们鼓励学生尝试许多不同的东西。短语encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做
某事”后跟不定式，故填to try。
10.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three-quarters of the world's coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and usually use
harmful pesticides(杀虫剂) and 31 . (chemical) that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory
(迁徙的)songbirds disappear, too. In order to deal with increasing population and habitat 32 . (lose)，
Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification (证书).
Bird Friendly coffees are shade-grown, meaning the coffee is planted under trees, rather than on the land that
33 . (clear) of all other plants. Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste 34 . (good), because the beans ripen
slower than coffee grown in the full sun, 35 . (result) in a richer, more complex flavor (味道). Bird Friendly
certified coffees grow under bio-diverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife,
stores carbon 36 . fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown
without pesticides, 37 . is better for people and for the planet.
Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms
provide additional income 38 . farmers. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee bought rewards these farmers with a
little more money for taking good care of the environment and encourages them to continue 39 . (protect) Bird
Friendly habitat.
You can buy Bird Friendly certified coffees throughout the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every
cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or better yet, have it 40 . (deliver) to your door when you order online.
【答案】
31. chemicals
32. loss
33. has been cleared/is cleared
34. better35. resulting
36. and
37. which
38. for
39. protecting/to protect
40. delivered
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍史密森学会的科学家创造的 the Bird Friendly认证。这主要是为了应对鸟类增
长的人口和栖息地的丧失。
31. 考查名词复数。句意：通常使用有害的杀虫剂和毒害环境的化学品。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，
故答案为chemicals。
32. 考查名词。句意：为了应对增长的人口和栖息地的丧失，史密森学会的科学家创造了the Bird Friendly
certification。结合句意可知此处用名词，lose的名词是“loss”，故答案为loss。
33. 考查时态和语态。句意：适合鸟类生长的咖啡是在树荫下种植的，这意味着咖啡种植在树下，而不是
种植在已经清除了所有其他植物的土地上。结合句意可知此处用一般现在时态或现在完成时态的被动语态，
且主语是land，单数第三人称，故答案为has been cleared/is cleared。
34. 考查比较级。句意：咖啡专家说，在阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好，因为咖啡豆比在阳光下生长的咖啡
成熟得慢，因此味道更丰富、更复杂。根据than可知此处用形容词的比较级，故答案为better。
35. 考查现在分词。句意：咖啡专家说，在阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好，因为咖啡豆比在阳光下生长的咖
啡成熟得慢，因此味道更丰富、更复杂。此处是现在分词作自然的结果状语，故答案为resulting。
36. 考查并列连词。句意：经过鸟类友好认证的咖啡生长在生物多样性的树荫下，为候鸟和其他野生动物
提供栖息地，储存碳，对抗气候变化。此处是并列关系，故答案为and。
37. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：对鸟类无害的咖啡也被认证为有机咖啡，这意味着它们在种植过程中
不使用杀虫剂，这对人类和地球都有好处。此处是整个句子做先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主
语，故答案为which。
38. 考查固定搭配。句意：树荫下的咖啡农场里的树木和果树为农民提供了额外的收入。固定搭配：
provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.“提供给某人某物”。故答案为for。
39. 考查固定搭配。句意：鼓励他们继续保护鸟类的栖息地。固定搭配：continue to do/doing sth.“继续做某
事”，故答案为protecting/to protect。40. 考查过去分词。句意：在你附近找一家商店或咖啡馆，或者更好的是，当你在网上订购时，把它送到
你的门口。固定结构：have +宾语+宾语补足语，此处it 和deliver之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补
足语，故答案为delivered。
