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题型四 语篇型语法填空
目录
一、考情解读........................................................1
二、命题分析预测....................................................1
三、聚焦核心素养....................................................1
四、析考情 · 题型突破..............................................1
五、精选考点题型专练...............................................12
一、考情解读
该题型把语法放在语境中进行考查,要求考生自主运用语法知识解题。这种题型要求考生重
视语篇阅读理解能力,理清语法基本概念。
二、命题分析预测
语法填空对考生的语篇阅读能力提出了更高要求,旨在考查考生在语篇层面上理解句意和文
意、分析语言结构的能力以及正确运用基础语法和构词法的能力。
建议考生在平时的学习中,根据构词法来记忆和复习单词,掌握各词类的不同用法,遇到长难
句能正确分析句子结构,从而正确理解句意。在练习中,要特别关注与中国传统文化相关和反
映中国建设新成就的语篇素材。
三、聚焦核心素养
语法填空题以语篇为依托,考点明确,重点突出,考查的知识面较广,重视对基础语法知识的考
查,突出语法的表意功能。该题型重在检测考生在语境中综合运用英语知识的能力,培育考生
的文化意识,锻炼考生的逻辑思维能力,从而提升考生分析、解决问题的能力。
四、析考情 · 题型突破
命题特点1.选材特点
(1)短文型语法填空通常为一篇200词左右的短文,选材一般以说明文为主,记叙文和议论文
为辅。
(2)题材多样,所选材料符合考生的认知水平,可读性强。
(3)难度适中,与高中课本中的阅读材料难度相当,符合高中中等学生的阅读水平,篇章与语句
的结构变化多样。
(4)趋势:所选材料的词数有增加趋势,句子结构更加复杂,对考生的句式理解和分析能力提出
了更高的要求。
2.设题特点
(1)设空。篇首一般不设空,为考生提供一个完整的背景信息,便于考生开篇明义。有提示词
类填空题和无提示词类填空题的比例一般为7∶3;有提示词的填空题可填1—3个单词,无提示
词的填空题只能填1个词。
(2)考点设置广泛。语法填空主要考查考生对重点词汇(以实词为主)和基础语法知识的掌握
情况。考点涉及动词的时态、语态和主谓一致,非谓语动词,并列连词,三大从句的引导词,名
词单复数与词形转换,形容词和副词的构词规律、比较级,介词、冠词和代词的基本用法及固
定搭配等。
(3)考查重在基础,突出重点。对介词、冠词等的考查一般涉及1道小题,而对动词(包括非谓
语动词)、形容词、副词、名词、连接词的考查相对较多。此外,高考对基础语法的考查并
不忌讳连续设题、重复设题。
(4)答案的规律。无提示词类填空题往往填冠词、代词、介词、并列连词、从句的引导词
等。有提示词类的题,给出的单词的词形变化是有规律可循的,如:动词通常最终变为不同的
时态、语态或非谓语动词,形容词通常最终变为副词、名词或其比较级、最高级,副词通常最
终变为其比较级或最高级,名词通常最终变为复数形式或形容词等。
Clove 1
主题:"嫦娥四号"无人探测器登月成功 词数:177
难度:★★★ 建议时间:9分钟
高考真题
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The
unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moongoddess — 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moon's
far side is 62 (extreme)
challenging.Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first
had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the
spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists
because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese
researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the
South Pole-Aitken basin."This really excites scientists,"Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown
University, says, "because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how
the moon 68 (construct)."Data about the moon's composition, such as how 69 ice and
other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future
lunar(月球的) base are practical.
命题分析
▶素养解读
本文介绍了"嫦娥四号"在月球背面成功着陆的重大事件,展示了中国社会主义建设新成就,
彰显民族自豪感,引导考生关注中国科技成果、关注时事,坚定理想信念和爱国主义情怀,增
强"四个自信"。
庖丁解牛
本题的易错点集中在谓语动词和词形转换上。
▶第61题,首先要分析句子结构,空处填谓语动词,根据时间状语可知,填一般过去时。touch
down表示"着陆,降落",为不及物动词短语,此处考生容易因词汇掌握不牢固而错用被动语
态。
▶第62题,该题要考虑形容词变副词时去-e不去-e的情况,要求考生牢固掌握词尾变化规
则。
解题思路
61.touched 考查动词时态。句中有时间状语last week, 故用一般过去时。
62.extremely 考查形容词变副词。修饰后面的形容词challenging需用副词extremely。
63.where 考查定语从句。先行词是spot, 后跟定语从句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用
关系副词where。
64.interest 考查名词。句中含有"be+of+名词"结构(相当于"be+形容词"),be of particular
interest=be particularly interesting,故填名词interest。65.than 考查介词。本句中含有more,空格后为比较对象,因此本空应填than。空前的so为
副词,替代上文中的"deep craters"。
66.to find 考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do"用……做……",为常用搭配。
67.means 考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文时态可知,本句也应用一般现在时,主语是it,故
谓语动词用means。
68.is constructed 考查被动语态。此处表示"月球是如何构成的",应用被动语态,且此处描述
的是客观情况,故填 is constructed。construct vt.建造,构建。
69.much 考查固定用法。how much"多少",修饰不可数名词。
【易错点拨】 how much+不可数名词;how many+可数名词复数。
70.its 考查代词。此处表示"它的计划",空后为名词,故用形容词性物主代词its。
Cloze 2
主题:对北极熊数量的关注与研究 词数:164
难度:★★★ 建议时间:8分钟
高考真题
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as
Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way
across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global
population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however,
biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only
since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent
years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human
settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have
responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human
settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually
are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70
(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
命题分析
▶素养解读文章通过介绍科学家对北极熊数量变化的关注与研究,引导考生关注生态和自然,提高环境
保护意识,深入思考人与自然的和谐相处之道。
本题难点集中在同位语从句、非谓语动词等考点上。
庖丁解牛
▶第61题,要分析出这是一个主从复合句," they range... Canada"是对evidence的具体
内容的解释,根据同位语从句引导词的特点可知,此空填that。
▶第64题,要熟练掌握及运用"sth.+be+adj.+不定式" 结构,本题中Modern methods与第二个
谓语相隔较远,如能识别出这个结构,就很容易填出to perform。
解题思路
61.that 考查名词性从句。本句含有一个同位语从句,解释了名词evidence"证据"的具体内
容,空处在从句中不充当成分,也无意义,故填that。
62.poorly 考查副词。应用副词poorly"不好地,不足"修饰动词studied。
63.of/for 考查介词。名词method后接介词of/for,表示"……的方法"。
【知识拓展】 其他常见的表示"方法"的名词与介词的搭配
way 常与介词 of 搭配,如:the way of learning English;approach 常与介词 to 搭配,如:the
approach to dealing with this problem;means 常与介词 of 搭配,如:an effective means of
communication。
64.to perform 考查非谓语动词。此处属于"sth.+be+adj.+不定式"结构,sth.通常是不定式动作
的承受者,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
65.have reported 考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语In recent
years多与现在完成时连用,主语some Inuit people为复数意义,因此本空填have reported。
【技巧点拨】 现在完成时的其他标志性词语有:just, already, ever, never, yet, before, lately,
recently, for a long time, up to now, so far, in the last few years/weeks/months等。在文中看到这
些词语,通常用现在完成时。
66.belief 考查名词。根据空前的 a 可知,此处 leading to 后应接名词作宾语,故本空填
belief"信念"。
【知识拓展】 以-ve结尾的动词变名词时,常把-ve变为-f。如:relieve (v.解除,减轻)→relief
(n.宽慰,轻松; 解脱)。
67.noting 考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟动词时应用其-ing形式作宾语,故本空填noting。
68.higher 考查比较级。根据空后的连词than可知,本句表示比较意义,因此本空应填比较级
higher。69.the 考查冠词。Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations意为"在这19个已知
的北极熊亚种群当中",本空应填定冠词the,表示特指。
70.are 考查时态和主谓一致。本句中其他分句的谓语动词用了一般现在时,且空处所在分
句的主语six表示复数意义,故本空应填are作该分句的谓语动词。
Cloze 3
主题:跑步的益处 词数:173 难度:★★ 建议时间:8分钟
高考真题
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61
(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may
drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)
more effective at lengthening life 65
walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in
2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease
and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise... it's probably running. To
avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg
muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always
69 (energy). If you are time-poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as
other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
命题分析
▶素养解读
本文主要介绍了跑步的益处,培养考生有效地陈述事件、传递信息以及表达个人观点和情感
的能力,并引导考生积极运动,关注身心健康,进而形成积极向上的生活态度。
庖丁解牛
▶第62、63题的提示词均为动词,首先判断两个设空处都填非谓语,然后根据语境判断非谓
语的形式。第63题除了考查介词后用动词-ing外,还考查die的不规则变化。
▶第68、69题的提示词均为名词,首先判断空处在句中作什么成分,以此来确定空处所填词
的词性,再根据构词法对词汇进行变形。解题思路
61.longer 考查比较级。句中有than,故用long的比较级longer。
62.to see 考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语,因此此处应用非谓语动词;分析句子结构及句意可
知,此处应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。
63.dying 考查非谓语动词。短语reduce one's risk of...表示"降低某人……的风险", 介词of
后跟动词作宾语时要用其-ing形式。
64.is 考查时态和主谓一致。本文主体时态为一般现在时,再结合语境可知,本句中宾语从句
也应用一般现在时;宾语从句的主语为it,故用is。
65.than 考查介词。此处表示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长生命。根据句中的
more可知,此处应用介词than引出比较对象。
66.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a study,指物,
且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that/which。
67.causes 考查名词。 此处cause是可数名词,意为"原因",句中的all表示"所有",其后应用
可数名词的复数形式,故填causes。
68.strengthen 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为动词不定式作目的状语,故本空
应填动词strengthen,意为"增强,加强"。
69.energetic 考查形容词。and连接两个并列分句,and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词,故
空处应用形容词energetic作表语,意为"需要能量的"。
70.it 考查代词。give it a try意为"试一试",根据语境可知,it指代running。
考法1 有提示词类
命题角度1 提供动词
Wudang martial arts based on the Taoist ideology ______(create) by a famous Taoist ______
(name) Zhang Sanfeng, in the early years of the Ming Dynasty.
【解析】 分析句子结构可知,第一空在句中作谓语,根据时间状语in the early years of the
Ming Dynasty可知,此处为过去的动作,应用一般过去时; 本句主语Wudang martial arts为复
数形式,且与create为被动关系,因此谓语动词应用复数形式,且为被动语态,故第一空应填
were created。第二空用非谓语动词作后置定语,name与其逻辑主语Taoist为动宾关系,应用
过去分词,故第二空应填named。
Yet there is life — an astonishing_______(vary) of creatures that you'll never imagine.
【解析】 根据空前的an astonishing和空后的of可知,空处应填名词,a variety of为常见
搭配,表示"各种各样的,多种的",故填vary的名词形式variety。命题角度2 词形转换
当提示词为名词、形容词、副词时,设空处考查词形转换的可能性比较大。具体各词类间的
转换如下:
其解题步骤为:
As we all know, baked or fried foods may be _______(taste), but eating too many of them will
_______(probable) result in some illnesses.
【解析】 第一空在句中作表语,表示"好吃的",应用taste的形容词形式tasty;第二空在句
中修饰动词result,应用probable的副词形式probably。
Also,search engines rank by_______(popular)rather than accuracy,so solid facts can be tricky to
find.
【解析】 句意:此外,搜索引擎根据受欢迎程度而不是准确性进行排名,因此很难找到确
凿的事实。空处作介词by的宾语,再根据rather than后的名词accuracy可知,此处应用名词形
式。故填popularity。
There is no denying the fact that elective courses can _______ (broad) our horizons.
【解析】 句意:不可否认,选修课可以开阔我们的视野。分析句子结构可知,空处作从句
的谓语,且在情态动词后,应用动词原形,故填broaden。
特别提醒 有时考查的词形转换只涉及词义的变化,词性并不改变,通常涉及以下两类:
1.考查与词根意义相反的派生词,此时,应根据句子意思及上下文的逻辑关系,在词根前加
un-,im-等或在词根后加-less等。
2.考查名词加后缀表示职业,如science→scientist[2018全国Ⅲ第66题],music→musician等。
命题角度3 形容词或副词的比较等级
当括号中所给词为形容词或副词时,除了考虑词形转换外,也有可能是考查其比较等级。
1.句中通常会有信号词,比如than。
2.句中含有带比较等级的固定句型,或并列结构中使用比较等级。
The ______ (hard)you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!
【解析】 分析句子结构可知,此处为"The+比较级..., the+比较级..."结构,表示"越……,就越……",故填harder。
命题角度4 名词的数
括号中所给词为名词时,有时可能不是考查词形转换,而是考查名词复数。
1.所填词前通常有many, several, one of等修饰可数名词复数的标志性词语。
2.所填词为可数名词,但其前没有限定词修饰时,通常考虑复数形式。
3.根据句意确定名词的数。
She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural _______
(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.
【解析】 由设空位置可以判断出动词attract缺宾语,因此要用名词,enemy为可数名词,结
合语境可知此处应填名词复数,故填enemies。
命题角度5 提示词为代词
当提示词为代词时,设空处所填词一般有以下三种情况:
1.作定语:填形容词性物主代词。
2.作主语:填名词性物主代词。
3.作宾语:填代词宾格、名词性物主代词或反身代词。
Students involved in service projects help _______ (they) as well as their communities.
【解析】 空处作动词help的宾语,且由语境可知,此处表示"帮助他们自己",空处所填词
与主语Students是一致的,应用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
考法2 无提示词类
首先,分析句子结构确定要填哪类词。其次,根据上下文逻辑关系及语意确定具体用哪个词。
解题时要注意以下6条规律:
1.缺少主语或宾语,要填it或关系代词
(1)缺主语
如果在谓语动词前设空,应首先考虑以下两种情况:
①it:指代上文提到的某物或某事,或固定句式中作形式主语,或强调句型中用it。
②关系代词:在定语从句中作主语的关系代词that, which, who等。
They don't give up;instead, they remind themselves how important _______ is to keep going.【解析】 分析句式可知,空处在宾语从句中作形式主语,代替后面不定式短语to keep
going,故填it。
Relaxation is very necessary, _______ will enhance your awareness and ability to concentrate.
【解析】 分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为relaxation, 且关系词
在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词which。
(2)缺宾语
如果空前为及物动词、及物动词短语或者介词,要考虑以下两类:
①it:指代上文提到的某事或某物,或在固定句式中作形式宾语。
②关系代词:在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom等。
However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than
25,000 people were using _______ every day.
【解析】 根据语境可知,空处指代上文出现的"the railway",故此处应用it。
2.在名词、代词、动词-ing前设空,可以考虑用限定词或介词
(1)限定词
如果在名词前设空,应首先考虑限定词。因为根据英语的习惯,名词前一般要有限定词。常考
查的限定词包括冠词(a, an, the)、关系词(whose等)、疑问代词(what, which等)和不定代词
(no, some, any, each, every, either, neither, many等)。
Mary Moe may look like _______ average grandmother, but she is not.
【解析】 此处修饰可数名词单数,且表示泛指,应用不定冠词,又因为average的发音以元
音音素开头,故填an。
The old bank, _______ appearance is not a pretty sight, is extremely beautiful on the inside.
【解析】 分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰先行词The old
bank;根据句意可知,The old bank与appearance之间为所属关系,故用whose。
(2)介词
如果在名词或代词前设空,而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语,也不作动词的宾语,该空
很可能填介词。此时要特别注意所填词与空前的词是否可以构成固定搭配。
However,ads are not just a tool for getting people to buy things; they also serve _______ a
window into culture, society and history.
【解析】 句意:然而,广告不仅仅是一种让人们买东西的工具,也是文化、社会和历史的窗
口。serve as sth.为固定搭配,表示"可用作……,起……作用"。
3.若两个或多个单词/短语之间或两个句子间没有连接词,可能要填连词,常考查的有表示承接、平行、递进等关系的and、表示选择关系的or和固定结构或句式中的连词。
It was time for her to have a new baby, _______ it was also time for the young panda to be
independent.
【解析】 由语境及句子结构可知,前后分句之间为平行关系,因此用and。
4.若两个句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一般考虑填从句
的引导词。
_______ it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it comforting pats.
【解析】 分析句子结构可以看出,逗号前后为两个句子,缺少从句的引导词。结合语境可
知,应用When或If引导时间或条件状语从句。故填When/If。
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _______ we watched some people play
volleyball.
【解析】 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,该从句修饰先行词beach,关系词在从句
中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。
5.在形容词或副词前设空,表示程度要考虑用how,so,too 等;在名词前设空,如果是感叹句考虑
用what等;不定式前设空,要考虑用疑问代词或疑问副词。
Teens came together to do projects for people who are _______ old or poor to do them.
【解析】 根据语境可知空处表示程度,修饰old和poor,故此处要填副词too,构成"too+adj.
+to do sth."结构,表示"太……而不能做某事"。故填too。
6.若句子结构较完整,空后的谓语动词是原形,且与上下文在时态上或与主语在数上不一致,很
可能填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。如果是一般疑问句则要考虑
填助动词(do, does, did, have, has, had等)或情态动词(can, may等)。
What is acceptable in one country _______ be considered extremely rude in another.
【解析】 句中的"What is acceptable in one country"是主语从句,空格后的be considered是
谓语;又因be是原形,故空格处应填情态动词或表示强调的助动词;由语境可知,此处应填表
示"可能"的情态动词may。
Then the driver stood up and asked, "_______ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?"
【解析】 句尾的问号提示该句为疑问句,由语境可知,"丢失"是发生在过去的动作,且空处
位于疑问句句首,故填助动词Did。
五、 精选考点题型专练
类型1 中国特色Cloze 1
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the
beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special
significance. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new
beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and
wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 6 5 (decorate) with red envelopes
and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their "Lucky Bamboo" plants and you will see them often in their
homes and offices. 6 6 __ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo
plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68 (care)
for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-
colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 7 0 first to flower even as
the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
Cloze 2
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61
(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25
years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 6 3 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to
feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise:The government encourages farmers
to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice
and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 6 6 __ (pollute) in the
country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)
fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the
government 68 (start) a soil-testing program _ _ 69 gives specific fertilizer
recommendations to farmers — and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. Thatprevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to
protecting its environment while _ _ 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for
agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
Cloze 3
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But
for tourists like me, pandas are its top 6 1 (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket
money helps pay for research. I 6 2 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre
centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official)given to
me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a
TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a
special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will
include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a
research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it)
mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is
being bottle-fed, 7 0 other is with mum — she never suspects.
类型2 社会与历史
Cloze 4
Some time after 10000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived
56 , through agriculture.Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 57 could
be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had
sown.
Farming produced more food per person 5 8 hunting and gathering, so people were able
to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 59 (need).Agriculture
gave people their first experience of the power of technology 6 0 (change) lives.
By about 6000 BC, people 61 (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to
raise.Later, they learned to work with the 62 (season), planting at the right time and, in dry
areas, 6 3 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then, with 6 4 rise of science, changes
began. New methods _ _ 65 (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or
so, these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now
totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
Cloze 5（2020新高考Ⅱ(海南)）
These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for
second and third graders 5 6 (begin) computer classes. At the same time, computer games
are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 57
(education) computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has
become a 58 (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has
become a common tool in most 5 9 (profession).
The Digital World is a set of volumes 60 aim to describe how digital systems
influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many
interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores 61 wide range of materials, explains the
basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 62 discusses the influences they
have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics 63 (be) practically limitless,
we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the
basic principles of technology. Readers 64 (encourage) to continue exploring
the digital world with the guidance of 65 (we) Further Resources section featured in each
volume.
Cloze 6
Something significant is happening to the world population — it is aging. The median(中位
数的) age of an American in 1950 56 (be) 30 — today it is 41 and is expected 57
(increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the 58 (number) are more striking — 22 in 1950, 46
today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be
one in six.
This aging of the population is driven 59 two factors. The first is declining birth rates,
which means old generations are large 60 (compare) to younger generations, and so, on
average, the population becomes 61 (old) than before. This is 62 (particular) true in theUS. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has 63
very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should 64 (place) on
longevity(长寿). It isn’t just that people are, on average, living longer. It’s also that they are on
average healthier 65 more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer,
consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
类型3 工作与职业
Cloze 7
A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for 61 (be) Britain’s oldest full-
time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm
daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of
hard work have 63 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be
Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award, proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no
plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, "I don’t see any reason to give up
work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make)over the years.
I work not because I have to, 6 7 because I want to."
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 — who works alongside her in the family business — said it
remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, "We don’t have any idea
who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it
was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of
her. It’s 7 0 (wonder)."
Cloze 8
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking
forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old
Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 62
model in New York.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in
the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah,64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 6 5 (prove) that she has brains as
well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 6 6 (educate).
She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on
her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university
to get a degree 6 8 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69
(come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the
lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any
more."
类型4 饮食与健康
Cloze 9
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56
(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 5 7 come to China cook much less
than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still
remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I
learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become)common for many young people in
recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week
may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63
(high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase
in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 6 4 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your
mum’s home 65 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You
might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
Cloze 10
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less
salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of
fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight
and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food
that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64
(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will
eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the
amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68
(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between
meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes.
Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 7 0 is not good for the health.
Cloze 11
In ancient China lived an artist 6 1 paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation
had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all
great artists to come and present their 6 2 __ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The
artist was sure he would 63 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s
chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River —
perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the
villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled
and 6 6 (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 6 7 (find) the
well-known painter. As the small boat moved 68 (gentle) along the river he was left
speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls
and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the
soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally
humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 7 0 earth, Mother Nature.
Cloze 12
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the
18th and 19th centuries, _ _ 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical
objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until theydied, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for
example, 3 8 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 3 9 opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a
small part of a museum’s collection 41 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for
research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at
exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at
a different time in history or 4 3 (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the
city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights,sounds and smells of the old
town. Historical 4 4 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete
__ 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome
school groups and arrange special activities for children.
