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专题 08 名词性从句
目录
一、考情解读............................................................................................................................................1
二、命题分析预测....................................................................................................................................1
三、考点必备知识通关............................................................................................................................1
四、重难点突破........................................................................................................................................8
五、考法解题能力提升..........................................................................................................................12
六、精选考点题型专练..........................................................................................................................13
一、考情解读
1.理解名词性从句与定语从句的联系与区别。
2.掌握名词性从句的分类、区别与共性。
3.掌握引导词在名词性从句中用法的共性与差异。
二、命题分析预测
1.高考对名词性从句的考查主要集中在宾语从句上。
2.对名词性从句引导词的考查主要集中在that,who,what, if/whether,
wh-ever等的选用上。
三、考点必备知识通关
考点1 名词性从句的共性
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,在复合句中担当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。按其句法
功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词主要
有以下几类:宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从
句
动词宾语 介词宾语
that 在从句中 √ √ √ √ √
不作成
(可省略) (不可省 (不可省 (不可省 (不可省
分,只起
略) 略) 略) 略)
连接作用
(that不表
示任何含
从属连词 义,
whether/i
f表"是
否")
whether √ √ √ √ √
if √(discuss × √(it作形 × ×
后不可 式主语时
用) 可用)
as if × × × √ ×
because × × × √ ×
连接代词 who(ever 在从句中 √ √ √ (一般不用wh-ever连
),what(ev 作主语、 接词引导)
er),which 宾语、表
(ever),wh 语、定语
ose,who
m(ever)
连接副词 when, 在从句中 √ √ √ √ √
how, 作状语
where,
why
特别提醒 that和whether/if在名词性从句中均不作成分,只起连接作用,区别在于:
►We should keep in mind that there aren't any short cuts to learning.我们应当牢记学习没有任何捷径。
►We have offered her the job, but I don't know whether/if she will accept.我们已经给她提供了
工作,但我不知道她是否会接受。
Pick yourself up. Courage is doing_______ you are afraid to do.
【解析】 考查宾语从句。句意:振作起来。勇气是做你害怕做的事。分析句子结构可知,
空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作do的宾语,表示"……的事情",故填what。
Unfortunately,I missed this event for the reason _______ I had to go and visit my grandma's house
instead.
【解析】 考查同位语从句。句意:很不幸的是,我错过了这次活动,因为我得去我奶奶
家。分析句子结构及语境可知,"_______ I had to...instead"用来说明reason的具体内容,空处
引导同位语从句,且从句中不缺任何成分,故填that。
考点2 宾语从句的特殊用法
宾语从句通常用于以下三种句型:
知识1 动词后接宾语从句的特殊用法
1.doubt+宾语从句
►I don't doubt that the plan is practical, but I doubt whether/if he can stick with the plan until it's
finished.我不怀疑这个计划的可行性,但是我怀疑他能否坚持执行下去,直到计划完成。
2.表示"建议、要求、命令等"的动词+that从句(从句谓语用"should+动词原形",should可省
略) 。常见的这类词有:suggest/advise(建议), demand(强烈要求),order(要求,命令),insist(坚决
要求),request(要求)等。
►The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后擦
黑板。
►The boss ordered that the task (should)be completed by noon.老板要求(我们)中午之前完成任务。
3.形式宾语it代替宾语从句
(1)find/feel/think/believe/consider/make等+it+宾补+that从句
►I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天喝大量开水
是有必要的。
(2)hate/like/appreciate/depend on等+it+宾语从句
►I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们嘴里满含食物时说话。
知识2 介词后接宾语从句的用法
一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。
►He'll talk to us about what happened in the classroom.他将给我们讲述教室里发生的事情。
Now every holiday, we decorate our room with Gee's treasures and Tom's letter, reminding
ourselves of _______ it means to be a neighbor.
【解析】 此处表示:提醒我们自己做邻居意味着什么。分析句子结构可知,介词of后接
宾语从句,空处应填宾语从句的引导词,且在从句中作means的宾语,表示"什么",故填what。
拓展延伸 in,but,except等少数介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句,但此时介词和that已形成
固定搭配,如:in that(因为),but that(要不是),
except that(除了)。
►The high income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.个人
所得税高是有害的,因为它可能使人们不愿意努力赚更多的钱。
►He would have failed but that you helped him.若不是你帮助他,他就失败了。
►I know nothing about him except that he lives here.除了知道他住在这儿之外,我对他一无所
知。
知识3 形容词后接宾语从句的用法
表示情感或态度的形容词后可接宾语从句。
常见的这类词有:afraid, certain, glad, pleased, sure, surprised, sorry, happy等。
►I' m very glad/pleased that all of your family will come.我很高兴你们全家都会来。
特别提醒 be sure后接宾语从句时连接词的选择:1.be sure(用于肯定句或疑问句)+that从句。
►Are you sure that we' ll have a picnic this weekend?你确定我们本周末举行野餐吗?
2.be sure(用于否定句)+whether/if从句。
►I am not sure whether I should write to him or not.我不确定应不应该给他写信。
【注意】 宾语从句的时态详见第91页难点2"时态呼应"
知识4 宾语从句引导词that不可省的情况
that引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,但在有些情况下不可以省略。
特殊情况 例句
当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时 They share little in common except that they
are from the same country.除了来自同一个国
家之外,他们几乎没有共同点。
当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句 I believe (that)you've done your best and that
时,第一个that可省略,其他的that不可省略 things will get better.我相信你已经尽力了,而
且情况会好转的。
当it作形式宾语,that引导的从句作真正的宾 He has made it clear that he will not give in.他
语时 不会屈服的,他已经表明了这一点。
当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间 He announced, believe it or not, that he would
有插入语或that与从句主语之间有插入语时 never forgive her.信不信由你,他郑重地说他
永远不会原谅她。
考点3 主语从句的特殊用法
知识1 it作形式主语的句型
详见"it作形式主语"中(6)(7)(8)的用法
通关秘籍 如何判断形式主语it是否代替主语从句?
解题时可用"还原法",即把从句调到句首,去掉句首的It, 再加上句子剩余成分。如果新句子
意思不变,合乎逻辑,则该从句为主语从句,否则为其他从句或结构。
►It's no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队赢了这场比赛并不奇怪。
按"还原法"该句可改为"That our team has won the game is no surprise.",新句子意思不变、通
顺且合乎逻辑,故可判断原句中It作形式主语,代替that引导的主语从句。
What's more,it is surprising_______ the whole park and
facilities have been designed to be used for free.
【解析】 题干中it作形式主语,设空处引导主语从句,从句结构完整,故填that。
知识2 从句作主语时,句子谓语动词的单复数问题
1.从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。►Who he is doesn't concern me.他是谁与我无关。
►That you will have an answer is certain.你能得到答复,这是肯定的。
2.what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数;若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,
则谓语动词常用复数。
►What she said is wrong. 她所说的是错误的。
►What we need are books. 我们所需要的是书籍。
考点4 表语从句的特殊用法
知识1 表语从句的特殊连接词
1.as if/as though。as if/as though意为"好像,仿佛",其引导的表语从句常位于系动词之后,从句
有时用虚拟语气。
►I felt as if we had known each other for years.我感觉好像我们已经互相认识多年了。(虚拟
语气)
►She looks as if she has been working hard for a long time.她看起来好像已经努力工作了很长
时间。(陈述语气)
2.because。because引导的表语从句常用于"This/That/It is+because从句."句式中。
►I was late for the appointment.That was because I met with an old friend on the way.我约会迟
到了,那是因为我在路上碰到了一位老朋友。
知识2 表语从句的三个易混句式
句式 用法 例句
This/That iswhy+结果. 意为"这/那就是……的原因", That's why I want you to work
why引导表语从句。 there.那就是我想要你在那儿
工作的原因。
This/That/It is because+原因. 意为"这/那是因 It's just because he doesn't
为……",because引导表语从 know her.这仅仅是因为他不
句。 认识她。
The reason why… is that… 意为"……的原因 The reason why he didn't come
是……",why引导定语从句 is that it was raining heavily.他
(修饰先行词reason),that引导 没有来的原因是(当时)雨下
表语从句。 得很大。
The reason _______ he was late for class is _______ he didn't catch the early bus.
【解析】 本题考查的是"The reason why…is that…"句式。第一空处,why在此引导定语从
句并在从句中作原因状语,从句修饰先行词reason;第二空处,that在此引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。故填why; that。
【注意】 主语为名词reason,表语从句用that引导,常构成"The reason
(why...) is that..."句式。
考点5 同位语从句的特殊用法
知识1 同位语从句前名词的特殊性
同位语从句前的名词通常是fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought,
doubt, promise, question等表示抽象意义的名词, 同位语从句用于对这些名词作进一步的解
释或说明。
►She has to face up to the fact that she is no longer young.她必须正视自己不再年轻这一事
实。
►The question whether he will join us is very important.他是否会加入我们这个问题很重要。
知识2 分割式同位语从句
有时主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句内容较长,为避免"头重脚轻",常常将谓语部分提到从句
前面,形成分隔式同位
语从句。
►My wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.我要给父母买一
套大房子的愿望总有一天会实现。
►Word came that our school had won first prize in the final.消息传来说,我们学校已经在决赛
中获得了一等奖。
The news spread quickly all over the world _______ Michael Schumacher came to life
after his being seriously injured for 5 years.
【解析】 句意:迈克尔·舒马赫在受重伤5年后苏醒过来的消息很快传遍了全世界。分析
句子结构可知,空处引导的从句是The news的具体内容,是同位语从句,且从句不缺少成分,意
思完整,故填that。
四、重难点突破
难点1 名词性从句的易混
1.that与what引导名词性从句的区别that在从句中不充当句子成分,也没有含义;what在从句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语,
意思是"什么,……的事情,什么样的"。
►That he failed in the test again really puzzled us.他又一次没通过考试,这真让我们感到迷惑
不解。(that在主语从句中不作成分,不可以省略)
►These photographs will show you what our village looks like.这些照片将向你展示我们村的
面貌。(what在宾语从句中作介词like的宾语)
►We haven't decided what measures we should take to deal with the noise problem.我们还没有
决定应该采取什么措施来解决噪声问题。(what在宾语从句中作定语)
Contrary to _______ many people think, HIV cannot be transmitted through mosquitoes, coughs
or sneezes.
【解析】 句意:与许多人的想法相反,艾滋病病毒不能通过蚊子、咳嗽和喷嚏传播。根据
句意并分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作think的宾语,表示"……的事情",
故用what。
2.wh-与wh-ever引导名词性从句的区别
连接词what, which, who分别表示"……的东西或事情""哪一个""谁",指具体的人或物;而
whatever, whichever, whoever 分别相当于anything that, any...that, anyone who,意为"任
何……",强调一切情况。试比较:
►What he said was right.他说的是对的。
►Whatever he said was right.他无论说什么都是对的。
_______ will come to help with my English hasn't been decided.
【解析】 句意:谁要来帮我学英语还没有决定。根据语境可知,此处有疑问含义,表示"谁",
故用who引导主语从句,who在从句中作主语。故填Who。
突破攻略 如何判断用wh-还是用wh-ever引导名词性从句?
做题时,我们要认真分析语境,看看句子要表达什么意思,如果表示任何一个人或事物,不在意
具体对象,无范围可言,就用wh-ever;如果有疑问的含义,且指的是具体的人或物,就用wh-。上
题中,显然"帮助我学英语的人"是具体的人,且有疑问含义,所以用who。
3.引导名词性从句用whether 而不用if的情况whether/if引导宾语从句表示"是否"时,一般情况下可互换,但在有些情况下只用whether而不
用if引导名词性从句:
特殊情况 例句
引导主语从句且从句置于句首时 Whether the sports meeting will be held on
time depends on the weather.运动会是否会按
时举行取决于天气。
引导表语从句时 The question is whether our team will win the
game.问题是我们队能否赢得比赛。
引导同位语从句时 I have no idea whether he is willing to help us.
我不知道他是否愿意帮我们。
作介词的宾语时 Everything depends on whether we have
enough money.一切都取决于我们是否有足够
的钱。
作discuss的宾语时 We are discussing whether we should close the
shop right now.我们在讨论是否应立即关闭店
铺。
与or not直接连用时(不直接连用时,whether I don't know whether or not they will come.
和if可互换)
=I don't know whether/if they will come or not.
我不知道他们是否会来。
特别提醒 whether后直接接不定式时,不能用if替换。
►Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能告诉我是走还是留吗?
We haven't settled the question of _______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
【解析】 根据语境可知,空处应用表示"是否"的if或whether引导宾语从句,但是空处引导
的从句作介词的宾语,故用whether,不用if。故填whether。
难点2 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
◉区别1 从句的作用
►We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Hainan.听到我
们将在海南度暑假的消息,我们非常高兴。
►Neither of us showed any interest in the news that John told us yesterday.我俩对约翰昨天告诉
我们的消息都不感兴趣。
同位语从句 从句既"说明、解释"前面的词,又"等同"前面
的词
定语从句 从句"修饰、限定"先行词,关系词"替代"先行
词,在从句中充当成分。◉区别2 that的作用
►The news that he gave it up surprised us.他放弃了它这个消息让我们很吃惊。
►The news(that)he told me surprised me.他告诉我的消息让我吃惊。
◉区别3 从句前面的词
同位语从句 从句中that 为连接词,只起连接作用,在从句
中不作成分,一般不能省略。
定语从句 从句中that为关系代词,在从句中充当句子成
分,可作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时常可省
略。
同位语从句 从句用来解释、说明的词有限,大多是表示抽
象概念的名词,如fact, idea, promise, news,
thought等。
定语从句 从句所修饰、限定的名词没有限制,既可指
人,又可指物。
通关秘籍 如何判断that引导的从句是否为同位语从句
可以运用"试加法",即在相关名词和从句之间加系动词be,使相关名词和从句构成一个新的句
子。如果新句子通顺、合乎逻 辑,那么该从句就是同位语从句,否则就是其他从句。
►We heard the news that our team had won the football match.我们听说了我们队已赢得这场足
球比赛的消息。
根据"试加法",名词和从句部分可改写为"The news was that our team had won the football
match.",改写后的句子通顺、合乎逻辑,故that引导的是同位语从句。
考法 考查名词性从句的连接词
五、考法解题能力提升
考法 考查名词性从句的连接词
命题透视 对于名词性从句,高考通常考查其连接词的选取:近五年高考语法填空中考查了
who/what引导的宾语从句、that引导的同位语从句和that引导的主语从句。
方法点拨 分析从句成分,根据"缺啥补啥,啥都不缺用that"的原则来选取连接词:
1.若从句中缺成分,要分析具体缺什么:
2.若从句中不缺成分,连接词从that,whether/if中选择(that无意义,whether/if意为"是否")。While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence _______ they range all the way across the
Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【解析】 句意:虽然它们(北极熊)在北纬88度以北很少见,但有证据表明,它们的活动范
围遍及整个北极,甚至南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。结合句意可知,句中While引导让步状语从
句,there is evidence...为主句,主句中的they range all the way...in Canada是对名词evidence的
解释,从句不缺成分且句意完整,故用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to
charge.
【解析】 句意:我们选择这家宾馆,因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元,这是它过去要价
的一半。分析句子结构可知,half of...作$20的同位语,空处在此引导宾语从句,从句作介词of
的宾语,且引导词在从句中作charge的宾语,因此填what。
It is possible _______ caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too.
【解析】 句意:咖啡因可能也会导致人类的先天缺陷。分析句子结构可知,It在此作形式
主语,空处引导的从句作真正的主语,从句意思完整,且不缺成分,因此应用that引导。故填
that。
考法总结 It在此处作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,主语从句较长,因而后置。解
答此类题的关键是熟悉it作形式主语和形式宾语的常见句型。
六、精选考点题型专练
1.After a typically dry summer, California is heading into normally is the most
dangerous time for wildfires when fall comes.
2. makes the Harbin festival special are the scale and size of the sculptures and the
beautiful lighting.3.Taking a gap year before you move into further education offers you a chance to learn new
crafts, and gives you time to reflect on university is right for you.
4.It is expected over 100,000 people will take part in the massive parade at Beijing’s
Tian’anmen Square on the morning of Oct 1.
5.Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered
from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
6.Does the name of the college you attend really matter? ... What students do at college seems to
matter much more than they go.
7.I’m not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly
appears out of nowhere.
8.By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.
9.She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted
10.And that’s really makes the whole journey so much fun.
11.Recently researchers have come to the conclusion singing in groups could have a
positive impact on reducing anxiety and depression.
12.Oliver says if you’re lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask
them you can join in when it’s possible.
13.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
14.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
15.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant. There is too
much work to do.
16.A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of a
science fiction film.However, that is exactly four new species of sharks move across the
sea floor.
17.A widely held belief, as proved by practice, a fun-filled, pain-free life equals
happiness actually reduces people’s chances of attaining real happiness.
18.With maths, there’s a right or wrong answer and that’s people can feel so anxious —
being scared of looking foolish.
19.The commercialization of 5G technology has just started, and it can eventually
benefit people worldwide depends on many unpredictable factors.20.The Green Revolution is a good example of technological advances can have a great
effect on economic development.
A专项语篇型填空(名词性从句)
Experiences are acquired through our journey in life; we choose 1 we believe and 2
we look at the things and people around us based on all our experiences in life. Despite the fact
3 most things in life are the way they are, we all have different opinions about everything and
everybody. Other people have opinions about us as well. But 4 really matters is the opinion
we have about ourselves. You can choose to accept and follow what other people believe, but you
can also decide 5 you want to become yourself and live according to the reality of life.
By living life as it is and being yourself, you create an image about 6 you value most
and 7 you admire most. You should remember 8 important it is to be yourself. The image
that you create about yourself determines 9 you are and how you feel; it determines how
successful you become in life and reminds you 1 0 you are standing in life.
B语法填空
（2020吉林省吉林市一调）Li Ziqi has made a name for herself in her videos that highlight
a traditional Chinese way of life in the rural areas of Sichuan Province. Her videos cover 1
(vary) crafts related to traditional culture, from making paper and ink to weaving cloth, and from
making a silk comforter to building her own bread kiln ( 窑) with blocks. Nothing seems
impossible with Li’s hands as they work their magic to bring these things into 2 (exist).
Li, born in 1990, 3 (live) with her grandparents in Mianyang, Sichuan, since the age of
6 after her father died. Life was difficult for her during her youth as she and her grandparents had
little to live on. Li herself said that she was 4 (finance) supported to continue schooling. She
started to work in the city at 14 and returned to her childhood home because her grandmother 5
(fall) ill in 2012. After returning home, Li opened 6 online shop to sell mostly food
products. To increase sales, she began making short films in 2016 about how these products 7
(create).
A Weibo user remarked, "Li’s success lies 8 her passion for life." Another one wrote,
"Thank you for giving me an opportunity 9 (appreciate) the landscape in the countryside."
Li is not without criticism. Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable
10 she looks so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.
