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专题 07 名词性从句——备战 2023 年高考英语考试易错题
【导入】
“两步法”突破名词性从句
第一步 识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构；
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从
句、同位语从句。
第二步 分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether；
2．若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词；
3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if、whether、because、as if等)的用法及that引导同位
语从句与定语从句的区别。
技巧1 关注连接代词what的用法
1. (2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷) _______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【解析】引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，应填what，位于句首，首字母要大写。考查名词性从句。
【答案】What
what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词
性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“……所……的”，相当于一个先行
词后接一个关系代词。
Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。1. （2020·浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or
gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
2. 【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
技巧2 关注连接副词的用法
1.(2015全国Ⅱ卷)…the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _____ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make
the cycle work on most days.
【解析】因figure out(弄明白；计算出)后是一个句子，应为宾语从句；引导宾语从句，并能修饰形容词
(thick)的，只能是连接副词how，how thick意为“多厚”。
【答案】how
引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever 等，它们均在从句中作状语。
I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道她何时回来。
I've been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.
我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。
That's why I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.
他无论去哪儿父母都担心。1. 【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
2. 【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
技巧3关注同位语从句
1 . Others praise the fact ______ campus canteens launching delivery services can save students’ time..
【解析】空后是一个结构和意义完整的句子，故填连词that，引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。
【答案】that
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句。所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。该名词被称作先行
词。
1. 同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句的连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中that, whether不
作成分，that无实际意义，whether表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。
引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。
There’s some doubt whether John will come on time. 对约翰是否会准时到还有一些怀疑。
2. 可跟同位语从句的名词
不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：
advice 建议 belief 信念 fact 事实 hope 希望 idea 主意 news 消息 opinion 观点 order 命令
promise 诺言 question 问题 reply 答复 report 报道 thought 想法 truth 事实 warning 警告
The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion.地球为什么变得越来越暧这一问题仍在讨论之中。
3. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。
4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是 idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt,
truth, possibility, promise, order 等抽象意义的名词, 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分
或是整个主句。
（2）从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制, 相当于一个形容词。
而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释, 相当于一个名词。
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）
（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）
（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
（3）从连接词和所作成分上区别
同位语从句中that 只起连接作用, 不作任何成分，不能省略。
定语从句 中that 起连接作用，充当宾语、主语或表语。作宾语时可以省略。
how, whether, what 可以引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。
1.【2019·新课标I卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across
the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2.【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work
to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what技巧4 区别whoever，whatever, whomever, whichever与 who，what，
whom，which
1.. 【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded _______to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，
宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
【答案】C
1.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
2.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
基础夯实
考点一 主语从句
连 从 that, whether, 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。但一Your support is important to our
接 属 if 般不可省略。if不可以引导位于句首的主work.Whateveryou can do helps.你的支持
词 连 语从句。 对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事
词 情都会有所帮助。
连 what, who, who（ever）和what（ever）在从句中作主
接 whose, 语、宾语或表语；which（ever）在从句中
代 which, 作主语、宾语；what, which, whose在从句
词 whatever, 中作定语。
whichever,
whoever等
连 how, when, 在从句中作状语。
接 where, why等
副
词it 作① It＋系动词＋形容词（necessary/likely/important/certainIt occurred to him thathe had an important
形 等）＋that从句 conference to attend the next morning. 他
式 ②It＋系动词＋名词（短语）（a pity/a shame/no wonder等）突然想到，第二天上午他有一个重要的
主 ＋that从句 会议要参加。
语 ③It＋be＋过去分词（said/told/reported等）＋that从句
④It＋动词（短语）（seem/occur to/happen to sb./...）＋that
从句
考点二 宾语从句
连 接从属连that, whether, if The gold medal will be awarded towhoeverwins the
词 词 first place in the bicycle race.这块金牌将颁发给这场
连接代what, who, whose, which, whatever, 自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。
词 whichever, whoever等
连接副how, when, where, why, wherever,
词 whenever等
it 作①动词（find/feel/think/consider/make等）＋it＋I havemade it a rule thatI keep diaries.写日记成了我
形 式宾补（形容词或名词）＋that从句 的惯例。
宾语 ②动词（hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy等）＋it
＋that从句
③动词短语（see to/depend on/rely on等）＋it＋
that从句
④固定搭配（take it for granted/owe it to sb.等）
+that从句
考点三 表语从句
连 从属连that, whether This iswhatmy father has taught me—to
接 词 always face difficulties and hope for the best.
词 连接代what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever, 这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难并寄
词 whoever等 予最大的希望。
连接副how, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等
词
as if/as as if/as though意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句At that time, it seemedas thoughI couldn’t
though 常跟在系动词（be 动词,seem, appear, look, taste, think of the right word.当时，我似乎怎么也
sound, feel, smell等）之后。若表语从句所述的是与想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
客观事实相反的情况,从句常用虚拟语气;若所述的
是事实或是极可能发生的情况,从句常用陈述语气。
连 becauseThis/That/It is+because引导的表语从句（表原因）From space, the earth looks blue. This
接 “这/那是因为……” isbecauseabout seventy-one percent of its
词 surface is covered by water.从太空中看,地球
看起来是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分
之七十一都被水覆盖着。
考点四 同位语从句
连 接同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该The manager put forward a
词 名词的具体内容。其连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, suggestionthatwe should have
when等。在同位语从句中,that和whether不作句子成分,that无实际意an assistant. There is too much
义,whether表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句work to do.
中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
常 跟advice, fact, doubt, suggestion, hope, demand, conclusion, idea, news, 经理提出了一个建议,我们应该
同 位order, request, thought, word, wish, promise, truth, information, message, 有个助手。有太多的工作要
语 从belief, report, desire, problem, possibility等。 做。
句 的
名词易错提示
1.that和what引导的名词性从句的区别
that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何含义；而 what引导名词性从句时，在从句
中充当一定的句子成分，有实际含义。
It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
真遗憾，他犯了这样一个错误。
I will do what I can （do） to help him.
我将尽我所能帮助他。
2.whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别
1）whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用
it作形式主语。
Whether it is true remains a question.
这是否真实依然是个问题。
It is unknown if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。
2）whether与if引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换，但是如果直接与 or not连用或用于介词后时，
只能用whether。
We don’t know whether or not she was ready.
我们不知道她是否准备好了。
I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work.我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。
3）whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是它是否值得去做。
He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.
他经常问我这项工作是否值得去做的问题。技巧点拨
模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1.The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
2.Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild,
and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
3.It is by no means clear __________ the local government will do with the buildings of poor quality.
A. what B. how C. whether D. which
4.— The designers are over the moon. What’s up?
—They’ve reached an agreement on __________ the bonuses are to be divided later.
A. why B. how C. where D. when
5.______ makes our school famous is ______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.
A．What; that B．Which; because C．That; what D．What; because
6.once-great cities fell into ruins.
A．What B．Why C．Whether D．That
7.People may think that dinosaurs were big, green with hard skin covering their bodies. But in fact, it seems that
dinosaurs appeared very different from________ we think.
A．which B．that C．who D．what
8.Air pollution is a big problem. I wonder ______ we can do about it.
A．whether B．what C．how D．that
9.________ is known to all is that the outstanding academic atmosphere, as well as various festivals and sports,
________ many students to our school.A．It： draw B．Which： draw C．What： draws D．As： draws
10.________ students do at the college matters much more than where they travel.
A．Which B．Where C．What D．When
11.Believe it or not, your parents have experienced ________you have experienced as children and teenagers.
A．how B．which C．what D．that
12.More than 100 students have entered for the competition, and________ gains the most points will be the winner.
A．anyone B．the one C．who D．whoever
13.It’s unwise to leave________ can be life’s most important decision—future career—entirely to luck.
A．which B．that C．what D．how
14.Jenny has got________ it takes to be a good actress. In other words, she has the potential to become famous.
A．what B．when C．that D．how
Ⅱ、语法填空
15.Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ______is
so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
16.Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and
more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
17.Another benefit of exercise is ______it will improve your body's immune system, making you better prepared
to fight off infection.
18.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far
south as James Bay in Canada.
19.It is possible ______caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
20.Have you ever wondered ______ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a calculator or
computer or even pencil and paper?
21.Spanish sport newspaper Marca noted that Wu has answered those who doubted his move to the club and
______ “ his quick adaptation to La Liga (西甲) has surprised many people”.
22.These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us
insight into ______ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.
23.______ I like the most are the traditional wet markets, restaurants offering various dishes and the numerous
cultural activities that are available there.
24.It also raises questions about ______ European governments are doing enough to keep up and care for such
buildings.25.The ideal nap depends on______ you want from that nap．
26.The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling ______they helped people in need.
27.Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and hopefully with time，the person won't be able to
remember ______ he is supposed to forget.
28.There will be challenges ahead, however, which is ______we are fully preparing for all possibilities.
29.If she had vision for three days, Xiong said, she would like to see with her eyes______ the piano that
accompanies her for more than a decade looks like.
30.I first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometimes, ______ is left isn’t enough for my designs.
31.______we feed our bodies feeds our eyes.
32.The ideal nap depends on ______ you want from that nap.
33.Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are ______you eat!
34.But it's not the fact_______0nly people with bad handwriting are attracted to the medical field.
35.I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “I couldn’t imagine______it is like to lose your home
and everything that you know and the powerful effect the hurricane had on those people.
Ⅲ、完形填空
Yungang Grottoes (石窟) in Datong, Shanxi Province, are a world cultural heritage (遗产) site with a history
that 1 ． (go) back more than 1,500 years. In Yungang’s 45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes, roughly
59,000 figures of the Buddha, 2 ． (be) a priceless treasure of human culture.
3 ． because of the effects of climate change and natural disasters, the grottoes face damage year after year.
Thanks to 4 ． (advance) digital technology, researchers are busy “duplicating” (复制) the Yungang Grottoes in an
attempt to preserve the precious cultural relics (遗物). Employing 3D laser scanning technology, the researchers 5 ．
(digital) record the shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes and later reproduce 6 ． by using 3D printing
technology.
The new technology could enable more people 7 ． (access) the cultural relics despite the distance. In June,
2020, the Zhejiang University Cultural Relics Research Institute and Yungang Grottoes Research Institute together
“copied and pasted” Cave No. 12 of the Yungang Grottoes for an 8 ． (exhibit) in Hangzhou, in which is the world’s
first 3D-printed 1:1 “copy” of a grotto.
These Yungang 9 ． (researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage.
It is hoped 10 ． the new digitalized technologies will facilitate the “rebirth” of the cultural relics, and bring them to
more places worldwide.Ⅲ、作文
最近，一位叫“何同学”的大学生用英语采访苹果CEO蒂姆•库克（Tim Cook）的视频火了,其中他流利的
英语和自信的态度给大家留下了深刻印象。假如你是李华，请给“何同学” （Mr. He）写一封英文求助信，
希望他能推荐一些英语口语的高效训练方法。
内容：
1.视频对年轻人的影响：
2.求助的内容；
3.表示感谢。
注意；
1.写作词数为80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
Dear Mr. He,
How is everything going?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
真题演练
【2022年】
1（2022新高考II卷）“I don't know ___________ to thank him.”
2（2022年浙江1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______
she could do so remotely.
【2021年】
1. (2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The
Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The
rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.【2020年】
1. （2020·江苏卷）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
2. （2020·天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had
said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
3. （2020·浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or
gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human
body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
2.【2019·新课标I卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across
the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
3.【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
2.【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
3.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
4.【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【2017年】
1.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
2.【2017·北京】Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
3.【2017·江苏】 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to
charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how
4.【2017·天津】She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
5.【2017·新课标II卷】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in
my life.
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever
2.【2016·北京】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
3.【2016·江苏】It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what C. as D. that
4.【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work
to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
学习评价：
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