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专题专题 13 完形填空——备战 2023 年高考英语考试易错题 【导入】 技巧1 语篇：建立语篇全局思维 语篇层次题的解题需要掌握语篇结构，抓住全文的脉络、作者的心理、思想、意图或价 值取向，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对此类题目，一定要坚持这样 一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。 1. (2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)My life as a taxpaying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny(兔子) cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for __43__ help during our spring break, for which I had no 44.plans beyond listening to my favorite records. 43．A．generous B．financial C．technical D．temporary【解析】本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇 来找线索。根据上文中的for three whole days和下文中的during our spring break可知，这里说的是春假期间， 市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generous意为“慷慨的、大方的”，financial意为“财务的、 金融的”，technical意为“技术的、专业的”，temporary意为“临时的、暂时的”。 【答案】D 技巧2 词汇：区分形近(义近)词 完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相 近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。 (2021·全国卷甲)“I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions，” he said in the letter. “I come to you, __57__， to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.” 57．A．hands in pockets B．nose in the air C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground. 【解析】[解析] 四个备选选项在形式上非常相似，都是名词＋介词＋名词的词组，部分考生很容易因混 淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“...apologize for the damage”可推测作者的态度是 谦卑的。hands in pockets意为“双手插兜”，nose in the air意为“目中无人”，hat in hand意为“恭敬 地(乞求或请求)”，feet on the ground意为“脚踏实地”。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组，很容易选出正 确选项。 【答案】C 在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从 而造成因理解障碍而错选。在备考中，要深度学习词语，扩大词汇量，结合各种主题语境， 积累词汇及词块，以期做题时顺利提取已知信息。 (2021·天津卷 3 月)“It's a really great 33.experience for kids，” said a neighbor in aninterview with the local newspaper.“Pruitt is certainly providing a 34.service,_but it's not just the bikes.It's the relationships in the community. It's the __35__ he can make on people.” 35．A．compromise B．impression C．impact D．progress [解析] 【解析】根据全文内容可知，此处表示普鲁伊特的行为对人们产生的“影响”。本题的选择难度在于A选 项“compromise(妥协、和解)”对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够， 又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。 【答案】A 技巧3词汇：关注一词多义或熟词生义 在最近几年的高考完形填空中，一词多义、熟词生义、旧词新义的考查屡见不鲜，这往 往也是考生容易失分的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成 了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点， 从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。 1 . (2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Our __48__ in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49.Remove bunny from the belt. 48．A．joys B．ideas C．roles D．choices 【解析】根据下文中的“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing ears...from the belt”可知，这里介绍的是作 者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。role除了表示“角色”外，还可以表示“职责、作用”。 【答案】C 1. 1.He looked surprised, but got right to work, trying to find the _________ tire. A. spare B. free C. full D. empty 【解析】spare熟义是“抽出时间”。在这篇文章中，spare意为“备用的”。【答案】 A 2. Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest told the front-desk clerk she had had a wonderful vacation, but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet _________. A. developed B. taken C. washed D. loaded 【解析】develop熟义是“发展”。film在此意为“胶片”，故选A，develop意为“冲印”。 【答案】A 技巧4思维：陷入惯性思维而错选 在英语学习中，考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定势现 象； 另外，高考语篇中融合的文化知识也很丰富，如果不谨慎思考，没有全面权衡问题，并 未能灵活运用生活常识，就会导致误解一些题目，从而抑制信息提取的速度和效率。完形填 空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况： (1)学习单词时受到思维定势影响 有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉 用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”时，不可以用succeed to do sth.来表达，而 应该是succeed (in) doing sth.。 (2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到思维定势影响，而没有完整分析整句话或者按照意群斟酌 例如：学习了wait for这个短语以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到 wait，后面要接介 词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。 1. (2021·天津卷 3 月)For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was __19__ his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 20.lack of bikes was COVID19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to get to work? 19．A．ride B．lockC．repair D．replace 【解析】根据语境可知，普鲁伊特作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行 车，replace符合语境。但考生受思维定势影响，可能看到下文的bike就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个 固定搭配，从而误选A项。 【答案】D 基础夯实 解题技巧 做完形填空题时必须遵循“整体－分解－整体”的“三位一体”的步骤,要充分体现先“完义”后“完 形”的特点。注重整合,把握上下文相关信息的摄取、筛选与比较等方法。具体解题方法如下: (1)通过主旨大意解题 在完形填空题中,理解主旨大意十分重要,正确把握主旨大意有助于考生对文章细节的正确理解,特别是 长难句的分析和突破可以帮助考生提高解题的正确率。完形填空题的第一句往往 不设空,这句话一般是文章的主题句,考生在解题时要重视首句的内容。 (2)通过文化背景解题 完形填空的语篇信息常渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景相关,这就要求考 生有较宽的知识面,同时要具备一定的文化意识,特别是要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力,只有这样才 能既快速又准确地解题。 (3)通过瞻前信息解题 该解法要求考生重点联系空前的信息。文章内容展开之后,这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息,它们可 能和后面的设空处有逻辑或语境方面的联系,这样空前的信息就成为解题的依据。解 题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息。 (4)通过顾后信息解题 完形填空在命题的过程中,上下文情节的发展都会有一定的联系,这些联系是解题的重要根据,考生需要 依据空格后的相关信息选出答案。 (5)通过复现词解题 这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词的异形的复现。这类试题主要 是考查考生的整体篇章意识和对上下文的推断能力。 (6)通过逻辑关系解题逻辑连接词在文中起着衔接与连贯的重要作用,可以表达文中的因果、转折等逻辑关系。这种题型是高 考中的难点,因为它需要考生有较强的逻辑判断能力以及对文章的整体把握能力。 (7)通过固定搭配解题 在英语学习中,掌握词组和短语的用法十分重要。高考完形填空的命题中,通常会涉及固定短语的搭配, 如动词短语、介词短语等,考生需要运用所学词汇知识,结合综合语言能力对相关试题进行突破。 (8)通过生活常识解题 完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文,这些文章贴近考生的生活,这样就 会涉及对生活常识的考查,所以在解题时,考生需要根据生活常识选出答案。 (9)通过语法分析解题 对语法基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的重要命题角度。对于这种题,要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点、 句子成分等进行分析,从而迅速解决问题。 模拟演练 一、 What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer? That is what Kevin Warwick, a professor at the University of Reading, U. K., 1 to find out. "I want to have a go at exploring what it means to 2 ," he says. Soon he will have an 3 A glass tube will be placed around a group of nerves in his arm. Inside the tube there will be tiny computer circuits. These will 4 messages being sent to the brain and send them to a computer. "Pain provides a clear electronic signal on the nervous system as it moves from its 5 of origin to the brain. We want to find out what happens if that signal is sent to the computer and then played back again. Will I feel the 6 pain?" says Kevin Warwick. It is not just about 7 . The human nervous system sends a wide variety of other messages to the brain, which could have many different 8 . The computer could provide the eyes for a blind person. Anxious or depressed people are often given drugs to make them feel 9 . But what if they could download feelings of happiness directly into their minds? Imagine you are thousands of miles away from your loved ones. You love them and 10 to be back with them. Then you store these 11 on a computer and send them to your family asan e-mail. Professor Warwick believes that the success of his new experiment could benefit human beings in many ways. A human will be one 12 to use the memory and mathematical power of the computer. He or she will be able to communicate thoughts and feelings 13 across the planet using the Internet. Human have used their intelligence to create increasingly intelligent 14 . Has the time now come for the two to 15 together? 1.A.manages B.helps C.intends D.tends 2.A.advances B.humans C.rights D.competitions 3.A.operation B.adjustment C.assessment D.examination 4.A.give off B.turn into C.make up D.pick up 5.A.level B.space C.moment D.point 6.A.awful B.usual C.same D.slight 7.A.signals B.pain C.brain D.messages 8.A.explanations B.applications C.systems D.problems 9.A.better B.stronger C.wiser D.worse 10.A.prefer B.agree C.long D.refuse 11.A.feelings B.greetings C.requests D.memories 12.A.able B.willing C.born D.afraid 13.A.indirectly B.separately C.directly D.purposelessly 14.A.worlds B.machines C.websites D.bodies 15.A.learn B.meet C.develop D.join 二、 I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to El Capitain, a 1 rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew 2 I wanted to climb it. That has been my life's passion(热爱) ever since— 3 the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I've long made Yosemite my 4 . About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of 5 , like beer cans, empty boxes, around the area. It's beyond me why visitors started respecting the place 6 and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way. I tried 7 trash(垃圾) myself, but the job was too big. I would 8 an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so tired of it that I decided something had to change. In 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a 9 . On that day, more than 300 people 10 . Overthree days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to 11 . I couldn't believe the 12 we made—the park looked clean! Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash. I often hear people 13 about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by 14 rather than complaining. We need to teach by 15 . 1.A. distant B. huge C. narrow D. loose 2.A. immediately B. finally C. gradually D. recently 3.A. imagining B. painting C. describing D. climbing 4.A. garden B. home C. lab D. palace 5.A. material B. resources C. waste D. goods 6.A. more B. most C. less D. least 7.A. throwing away B. picking up C. breaking down D. diggingout 8.A. kill B. save C. wait D. spend 9.A. cleanup B. party C. picnic D. concert 10.A. dropped out B. showed up C. looked around D. called back 11.A. demand B. receive C. achieve D. overcome 12.A. plan B. visit C. contact D. difference 13.A. talk B. complain C. argue D. quarrel 14.A. doing B. thinking C. questioning D. watching 15.A. method B. explanation C. example D. research 三、 It has been five years. No one's quite sure how Sasha, the 6-year-old black cat, 1 it from Portland to New Mexico after five years. But apparently it isn't uncommon for cats—who are known for their 2 character—to go hitchhiking (搭便车). "It's like he never left. He's so 3 ," said its owner Usov. "I guess he was on a great American 4 . " When Sasha disappeared in 2014, Usov thought the cat might have 5 wolves. But not every cat that disappears 6 a bad end. "It's very common for a cat to 7 on a train or the back of a truck, but for a cat to travel 1,200 miles and then go back to its owner? That 8 happens.," Sasha's fur was matted(乱成一团的) when he was found 9 the streets by workers of the Santa Fe Animal Shelter this month. They set out to find his owner. "Sasha didn't miss a meal," Kirdar, a worker at the shelter, said.The shelter reunites families with their 10 pets every day, 11 this is the first time Kirdar has done an in-person delivery. Sasha's 12 would not have been possible had he not been microchipped(植入微芯片). The microchip is the best form of 13 ," said Kirdar. However, just getting your pet microchipped isn't enough. It's important to 14 the microchip's producer if there is a 15 in your contact information. 1.A.hated B.made C.received D.learnt 2.A.complex B.popular C.independent D.weak 3.A.happy B.annoying C.pitiful D.helpful 4.A.adventure B.farm C.island D.holiday 5.A.teamed with B.fallen victim to C.made friends with D.fought against 6.A.brings B.demands C.meets D.expects 7.A.bite B.live C.sleep D.jump 8.A.actually B.rarely C.normally D.hopefully 9.A.clearing B.blocking C.wandering D.checking 10.A.thrilled B.unlucky C.missing D.crazy 11.A.and B.but C.because D.though 12.A.return B.illness C.disappearance D.movement 13.A.technology B.civilization C.identification D.explanation 14.A.download B.record C.copy D.update 15.A.fact B.number C.name D.change 四、 Advertising is about creating images, and this is especially true when advertising food and drinks. What the 1 looks like is more important than what it tastes like. If companies hope to sell food successfully, the food must 2 appetizing. Television advertising of food often uses 3 . Apparently, food looks especially appetizing if it moves. Chocolate sauce looks much more 4 when you see it being poured over ice cream than it does just sitting in a jar. 5 effects also help to sell food: sausages sizzling(咝咝响) in a frying pan are mouth-watering. A TV 6 for a brand of coffee had the sound of coffee percolating (过滤) in the background. The commercial was so 7 that it lasted five years. The 8 of food and its packaging is also very important. If the colour looks 9 , people won't eat it.Nobody would normally eat blue bread or drink blue beer. Other 10 food colours are purple, grey, and in some cases, white. How people expect something to taste often influences how it 11 does taste. Researchers gave some mineral water to two groups of people. They told one group that the water was mineral water, and almost all people said, "It tastes 12 ." Then the researchers told the other group that the water was tap water. This group said the water tasted a little funny. The word "tap" created a(n) 13 image of chlorine (氯). It is the same with 14 . A food manufacturer gave a group of people the same 15 in a glass jar and in a can and asked them to taste it. They all claimed that the product in the glass jar tasted better. So it seems to be true. Image is everything. 1.A.company B.food C.image D.milk 2.A.look B.taste C.sound D.smell 3.A.sound B.sense C.movement D.imagination 4.A.beautiful B.natural C.clean D.delicious 5.A.Action B.Television C.Music D.Sound 6.A.advertisement B.programme C.show D.speech 7.A.noisy B.expensive C.successful D.long 8.A.price B.name C.brand D.colour 9.A.right B.great C.interesting D.wrong 10.A.unknown B.unpopular C.practical D.famous 11.A.actually B.especially C.elegantly D.seriously 12.A.strange B.funny C.good D.salty 13.A.perfect B.unusual C.unpleasant D.unbelievable 14.A.advertising B.packaging C.producing D.tasting 15.A.product B.water C.meat D.coffee 五、 For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to others. "While we teach, we 1 ," said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're 2 why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn. Researchers have found that students who teach others work harder to 3 the material, and apply it more 4 . Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who're learning only for themselves. But how canchildren, 5 learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can teach younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more 6 than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to 7 this model to schoolwork. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who then 8 instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool is the "teachable agent"—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world 9 . Computer scientists have created an animated(动 画的) figure called Betty's Brain, who has been "taught" about science by middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty 10 certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own 11 . Feedback from the teachable agent 12 improves the teachers' learning. The agents' questions drive student teachers to think and explain the materials in different 13 , and watching the agent solve problems allows the emotions one experiences into action. 14 , it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that help learning. Student teachers feel 15 when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these pupils succeed as they gain pride and satisfaction from someone else's achievement. (1)A.learn B.doubt C.grow D.practice (2)A.valuing B.proving C.questioning D.assuming (3)A.prepare B.preserve C.exchange D.understand (4)A.officially B.effectively C.fluently D.carefully (5)A.still B.even C.though D.once (6)A.curious B.energetic C.independent D.academic (7)A.add B.apply C.offer D.show (8)A.as well B.at once C.in turn D.of course (9)A.teacher B.parent C.sibling D.pupil (10)A.arrange B.mark C.master D.link (11)A.thinking B.reading C.inspiration D.guidance (12)A.shortly B.hardly C.rather D.further (13)A.ways B.cases C.places D.orders (14)A.In all B.After all C.Above all D.For all(15)A.satisfied B.sick C.pleased D.upset 六、 Dressed in a pretty long robe (袍服), stylist Xiao Hang walks across the busy Beijing metro, attracting curious glances. China has been 1 by Western fashion in recent decades, but many young people like Xiao are looking to the 2 for their choices of clothing and wearing traditional hanfu. These historic costumes of the Han ethnic group are 3 a renaissance(复兴) in part because the government is promoting traditional culture to boost patriotism (爱国主义) and national 4 . Period dramas have also contributed to the 5 in interest in traditional Chinese clothing — The Story of Minglan, a TV series set in the Song Dynasty 6 more than 400 million viewers in three days. There is no 7 definition of what counts as hanfu since each dynasty has its own style, but the clothes are 8 by loose, flowing robes, with sleeves that hang down to the knees. "When we were little, we would drape(披) sheets and blankets to 9 we were wearing beautiful clothes," Xiao said. "Two-thirds of my wardrobe is hanfu," said Yang Jiaming, a high school student dressed in a Tang-style robe and black boots at a hanfu gathering. He wears hanfu under his uniform at school and his classmates and teachers have been 10 of his style. The support of the government for Chinese culture has given the hanfu community a(n) 11 . In April 2019, the Communist Youth League of China 12 a two-day conference on traditional Chinese clothing, including hanfu. Clothes are the " 13 of culture", said Jiang Xue, a member of Beijing-based hanfu club Mowutianxia, which has received 14 from the Communist Youth League of China. "If we do not even 15 our traditional clothes or don't wear them, how can we talk about other essential parts of our culture?" she said. 1.A.praised B.welcomed C.influenced D.greeted 2.A.future B.present C.past D.moment 3.A.suffering B.experiencing C.refusing D.stopping 4.A.approval B.acknowledgement C.confirmation D.identity 5.A.revolution B.decline C.increase D.stability 6.A.inspired B.attracted C.encouraged D.accepted 7.A.uniform B.identical C.casual D.simple 8.A.specialized B.characterized C.impressed D.decorated9.A.show B.prove C.pretend D.declare 10.A.afraid B.scared C.ashamed D.supportive 11.A.start B.end C.boost D.lift 12.A.promoted B.addressed C.attended D.held 13.A.protection B.signal C.reproduction D.symbol 14.A.criticism B.funding C.gifts D.invitations 15.A.dislike B.realize C.understand D.ignore 七、 The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat (汗水) was pouring off our backs and faces. We stood still without 1 any noise, all hot and tired. But everyone kept standing as straight as trees. It was 2 most high schools give to new Senior One students—military training. We 3 four days in a closed environment. Although we couldn't go home at night and the training was 4 and difficult, our humorous young drill sergeant (教官) with a funny accent was a real 5 of our days. We laughed at his jokes, sat in rows singing different songs and 6 him telling true stories about his life. He gave us the feeling that 7 and sweat were not the only things that military training 8 . After this journey, we were more 9 than we had imagined and we were much braver than we had 10 . Girls who looked pale rested for a little while, then right away came back to the team. Boys who were being punished 11 to the playground at once and began to run. Sweat flowed down our faces when we thought about how to shout 12 than other classes. Military training taught us perseverance (坚持不懈) and determination. On the last day of our training, the confidence could be 13 on our faces. We shouted so loud that our 14 could be heard across the heavens. With eyes like burning torches (火炬), we walked into the future. Now the sun is 15 at all of us. 1.A. crying B. making C. sending D. telling 2.A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything 3.A. wasted B. spent C. kept D. took 4.A. strict B. curious C. interesting D. normal 5.A. success B. pleasure C. worry D. wonder 6.A. referred to B. devoted to C. turned to D. listened to 7.A. sunlight B. wealth C. desire D. health 8.A. received B. helped C. offered D. happened9.A. concerned B. determined C. interested D. surprised 10.A. expected B. expressed C. disliked D. rescued 11.A. escaped B. moved C. rode D. rushed 12.A. larger B. stronger C. louder D. lower 13.A. seen B. heard C. smelt D. touched 14.A. thoughts B. feelings C. opinions D. voices 15.A. travelling B. falling C. setting D. smiling 八、 The best and most amazing thing about life is that no matter what happens or how hard it may get, or how useless you feel, stay 1 . All you need to 2 is to do good, even if it may be the smallest thing, like greeting someone with a smile. It can 3 someone's day, and you will have made the smallest 4 biggest difference to their life. It all starts with your small but sincere smile! I learned patience the hard 5 . I have been trying to rush through life, always 6 myself to my friends and family and wondering when my life would change. I was too busy trying to speed things up, but things just weren't 7 , so I finally gave up. However, when I continued to help people and do little things I could every day to make a difference, life 8 me back. Therefore, keep your 9 realistic, no matter how unjust people are towards you. I believe you will be successful, 10 everything has its own special time when everything goes well, and yours is definitely coming. You just need to 11 a little longer. I 12 met someone worth it all, so kind and sweet, always trying to surprise me in the most 13 ways. Now, every day is something bigger and better, and that 14 is amazing, and then you realize it's because of all the good things you keep doing in your life. Even if you have been doing bad things until now, you can change it all and make it all better. Believe me, it always gets better. It's not easy, but it will. I know, because I have been 15 with it and I finally feel better. 1.A.curious B.patient C.serious D.generous 2.A.reflect on B.set about C.take up D.focus on 3.A.speed up B.go up C.brighten up D.turn up 4.A.yet B.and C.or D.so 5.A.way B.time C.point D.problem 6.A.adapting B.adjusting C.comparing D.applying7.A.speeding B.changing C.moving D.succeeding 8.A.gives B.pays C.gets D.brings 9.A.intentions B.minds C.hearts D.feelings 10.A.if B.when C.until D.because 11.A.work B.wait C.operate D.stay 12.A.eventually B.occasionally C.abruptly D.instantly 13.A.normal B.unusual C.common D.unexpected 14.A.thought B.view C.feeling D.idea 15.A.hunting B.struggling C.searching D.exploring 九、 Meals on Wheels delivery service is for those facing life-threatening illnesses like Borden did back in 2012. She had just finished a Master's program in 1 when she was diagnosed(诊断) with cancer called Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Soon, her mother was diagnosed with cancer. Borden moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan to take care of herself while 2 her mother. "It's a 3 time in your life when you have great need for nutrition but you can't provide healthy 4 for yourself," Borden said. "Having a Master's in Nutrition, I knew how 5 nourishment was during my cancer treatment and recovery." She started Revive and Thrive while going through treatment, 6 out to local hospitals and kitchens to get the organization off the ground. Soon she was 7 meals for patients referred to her by social workers, nurses and doctors in the area. She 8 each patient to get a sense of what their nutrition needs are and how long they'll need help. Then, she gets to 9 . "Serving meals to patients is equally important as teaching them to cook healthy foods, to 10 job skills, life skills and the joy of being able to 11 others in their community," Borden says. She works with a head chef who 12 the nutrient-rich meals and makes sure each meal contains the essential vitamins and proteins that a person fighting a life-threatening illness 13 . "When you're 14 and dealing with cancer by yourself, it can cause you more depression. Knowing somebody cares about what you eat is 15 ," she said. 1.A.medicine B.education C.economics D.nutrition 2.A.nursing B.teaching C.guiding D.training3.A.dangerous B.hard C.common D.valuable 4.A.lifestyles B.spirit C.meals D.sleep 5.A.rare B.adequate C.comfortable D.important 6.A.going B.calling C.reaching D.speaking 7.A.enjoying B.preparing C.checking D.comparing 8.A.tells B.cures C.exams D.meets 9.A.rest B.work C.school D.bed 10.A.learn B.show C.require D.test 11.A.judge B.serve C.gather D.relax 12.A.eats B.expects C.creates D.proves 13.A.needs B.makes C.shares D.provides 14.A.alone B.wise C.old D.free 15.A.interesting B.amusing C.amazing D.inspiring 十、 This happened when I was ten. On a normal Sunday, I went to the barber shop where I always went. That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, who had recently 1 the shop. I sat for the haircut. The uncle asked me how 2 I wanted it. I answered, "Just do as my dad had 3 you the last time." He smiled. Before starting the 4 , he added, "What if I keep it long?" I 5 he was joking. So I joked too. I said, "I can't 6 what would happen to your shop then!" The moment I said it, the assistant 7 from behind. "How dare you say that! Who are you to take our shop down, eh?" I admit I was too 8 at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an 9 look. From that day on, I 10 stopped joking about anyone's profession and work. It is one of the most 11 incidents in my life, which taught me to 12 the profession and work of a person, no matter how 13 they are. I'm 14 that the assistant responded in a way that made me rethink the power of my words. Words do make a 15 . 1. A. left B. opened C. joined D. visited 2. A. much B. long C. often D. soon 3. A. instructed B. invited C. promised D. convinced4. A. discussion B. journey C. training D. haircut 5. A. agreed B. heard C. hoped D. knew 6. A. forget B. tolerate C. guarantee D. understand 7. A. urged B. shouted C. laughed D. helped 8. A. angry B. proud C. scared D. curious 9. A. anxious B. appealing C. encouraging D. awkward 10. A. suddenly B. completely C. temporarily D. regularly 11. A. important B. exciting C. strange D. interesting 12. A. learn B. enter C. change D. respect 13. A. hard B. small C. good D. complex 14. A. sorry B. confident C. grateful D. embarrassed 15. A. difference B. mistake C. choice D. joke 答案以及解析 一、 答案：1-5.CBADD; 6-10.CBBAC; 11-15.AACBD 解析：1.根据上文中的What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer?及下文内容 可知,这里表示凯文·沃里克教授打算弄清楚这个问题的答案。intend意为“打算”,符合语境。manage意为 “设法做成”;help意为“帮助”;tend意为“往往会;趋向于”。 2.根据上文中的What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer?可知,凯文·沃里克 想探索让人脑与电脑相连对人类来说会有什么样的意义。human意为“人类”,符合语境。advance意为 “进展”;right意为“权利”;competition意为“比赛”。 3.根据设空处后的A glass tube will be placed around a group of nerves in his arm.可知,此处指他将做一台手术。 operation意为“手术”,符合语境。adjustment意为“调整”;assessment意为“评价”;examination意为“检 查”。 4.根据设空处后的messages being sent to the brain and send them to a computer 可知,此处表示接收发送至大脑 的信息,然后再将这些信息发送到电脑上。pick up意为“接收(信号、声音等)”,符合语境。give off意为“发 出(气味、热、光等)”;turn into意为“变成”;make up意为“组成”。 5.根据语境可知,此处表示当疼痛从其源头转移到大脑时,它就在神经系统上产生了一个清晰的电子信号。the point of origin意为“起点;原点”,符合语境。level意为“水平”;space意为“场所”;moment意为“某 一时刻”。 6.根据上文中的Pain provides a clear electronic signal on the nervous system as it moves from... to the brain 及 what happens if that signal is sent to the computer and then...可知,此处是沃里克猜测自己在不同情况下能否感 受到相同的疼痛。same意为“相同的”,符合语境。awful意为“可怕的”;usual意为“通常的”;slight意为 “稍微的”。 7.根据上文中的Pain provides a clear electronic signal on the nervous system... to the brain 及下文的The human nervous system sends a wide variety of other messages to the brain可知,人类神经系统向大脑发送各种各样的其 他信息,疼痛只是其中的一种。pain意为“疼痛”,符合语境。signal意为“信号”;brain意为“智力;脑 力”;message意为“信息”。 8.根据下文的The computer could provide the eyes for a blind person. Anxious or depressed people...可知,人类神 经系统向大脑发送各种各样的信息的功能可以有许多不同(方面)的应用。application意为“应用”,符合语 境。explanation意为“解释”;system意为“系统”;problem意为“问题”。 9.根据设空处前的Anxious or depressed people are often given drugs to make them feel 可知,此处是指给焦虑或 抑郁的人药物以缓解他们的焦虑或抑郁,即让他们感觉更好些。better意为“更好的”,符合语境。stronger 意为“更强壮的”;wiser意为“更明智的”;worse意为“更糟糕的”。 10.根据上文的Imagine you are thousands of miles away from your loved ones.可知,此处表示你渴望回到远方所 爱之人的身边。long意为“渴望”,符合语境。prefer意为“更喜欢”;agree意为“同意”;refuse意为“拒 绝”。 11.根据上文的You love them and _______ to be back with them.及设空处所在句中的store these _______ on a computer可知,此处指的是把这些感觉储存在一台电脑上,并以电子邮件的形式发送给家人。feeling意为 “感觉”,符合语境。greeting意为“问候”;request意为“请求”;memory意为“回忆”。 12.根据上文中的 benefit human beings 以及下文的 He or she will be able to communicate thoughts and feelings...可知,此处指人类将能够使用计算机的存储能力和数学(计算)能力。able意为“能……的”,符合语 境。willing意为“乐意的”;born意为“天生的”;afraid意为“害怕的”。 13.根据上文及语境可知,人脑与电脑相连,人与人之间就可以直接交流思想和感情了,故此处表示人们将能够 通过使用互联网在地球上直接交流思想和感情。directly意为“直接地”符合语境。indirectly意为“间接 地”;separately意为“单独地”;purposelessly意为“无目的地”。 14.根据语境可知,此处表示人们用他们的智慧创造出越来越智能的机器。machine意为“机器”,符合语境。world意为“世界”;website意为“网站”;body意为“身体”。 15.根据文章首句What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer?可知,此处与开头 相呼应,反问现在是将人脑和电脑连接起来的时候吗?join意为“连接”,符合语境。learn意为“学习”;meet 意为“遇见”;develop意为“发展”。 二、 答案：1-5 BADBC 6-10 CBDAB 11-15 CDBAC 解析：1.根据空后的of 3,300 feet straight up以及下一句中的giant rock可知, 酋长巨石是一块巨大的(huge) 岩石。故选B项。 2.根据下一句中的That has been my life's passion可知, 作者钟爱攀岩, 由此可知, 作者站在巨大的岩石面前 便立刻想攀登上去。故选A项。 3.解析见上一题, climb意为"攀登", 符合语境。故选D项。 4.根据第二段中的such a beautiful home-like place可知, 作者长期以来把约塞米蒂国家公园当作自己的家。 故选B项。 5.根据空后的like beer cans, empty boxes和下文中的I tried _____ trash myself可知, 此处指的是垃圾。故选 C项。 6.上文提到游客在如此美丽的地方丢弃大量的垃圾, 也就是说游客们开始不尊重这个像家一样美丽的地方。 故选C项。 7.根据第五段的picked up可知, 此处指作者尽力自己去捡拾垃圾。throw away意为"扔掉"; pick up意为"捡 起"; break down意为"使分解"; dig out意为"挖出"。故选B项。 8.根据上文的but the job was too big可知, 此处指捡垃圾的工作量很大, 作者在清理垃圾时往往要花费一两 个小时, kill time意为"消磨时光"。故选D项。 9.根据下文Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.可知, 此处应指"垃圾清理活动"。cleanup 意为"清扫; 清理", 作名词。故选A项。 10.根据语境可知, 有三百多人来参加此次垃圾清理活动。drop out意为"退出"; show up意为"露面; 出现"; look around意为"四下看"; call back意为"回电话"。故选B项。 11.根据本句及下文的I couldn't believe the _____ we made—the park looked clean!可知, 此处是说作者对自己 和志愿者们取得的成就感到惊奇。achieve意为"实现; (尤指经过努力)取得", 符合语境, 故选C项。 12.根据语境可知, 作者与志愿者们付出了努力, 他们的努力对公园的面貌产生了影响。make a difference意 为"有影响; 起作用"。故选D项。13.根据后文的rather than complaining可知, 作者经常听见人们抱怨(complain)他们周围的环境。故选B项。 14.根据前文的I would say the only way to change things可知, 作者指出要改变不尽如人意的地方, 应该通过 行动(doing)而不是通过抱怨。故选A项。 15.根据语境可知, 此处是说我们需要以身作则。by example意为"以身作则", 故选C项。 三、 答案：1-5.BCAAB; 6-10.CDBCC; 11-15.BACDD 解析：1.句意:已经五年了,没人知道这只6岁的黑猫萨沙是如何在5年后从波特兰来到新墨西哥州的。make it实现,成功。故选B。 2.句意:但显然,猫这种以个性独立著称的动物搭便车旅行并不少见。complex 复杂的;popular 受欢迎 的;independent独立的;weak虚弱的。故选C。 3.句意:他好像从来没有离开过。他是如此开心。根据上一句"It's like he never left."此处指猫很“开心”。 happy高兴的;annoying使烦恼的;pitiful可怜的;helpful有帮助的,愿意帮忙的。故选A。 4.句意:我猜他是在进行一次伟大的美洲冒险。根据第 1 空后的"from Portland to New Mexico after five years"可知,他来美洲“冒险”。故选A。 5.解析了句意:2014年萨沙失踪时,乌索夫认为这只猫可能成为了狼的牺牲品。team with 与……合作;fall victim to成为……的牺牲品;make friends with与……交朋友;fight against与……对抗。故选B。 6.句意:但并不是所有丢失的猫都会有不好的结局。根据第 6空后的"a bad end"可知,此处指“遭遇不好的结 局”。bring 拿来,带来;demand需求;meet遇见;expect期待。故选C。 7.句意:猫跳上火车或卡车车斗是很常见的事,但猫跑了1200英里后又回到主人身边,这种情况很少发生,故选 D。 8.句意见上。根据上文中的"It's very common"以及"but"转折可知,这事是“罕见的”。actually事实上;rarely 罕见地;normally正常地;hopefully充满希望地。故选B。 9.句意:本月,毛已经乱作一团的萨沙在街上游荡时被圣菲动物收容所的工作人员发现。根据常识可知,丢失 的动物在被收容所抓住之前应该是在街上游荡。clear清理;block阻挡;wander游荡;check核对。故选C。 10.句意:这家收容所每天都能让失踪的宠物和家人团聚,但这是科达第一次亲自递送。根据reunites(团聚)可 知应是“丢失的”宠物。thrilled非常兴奋的;unlucky不幸的;missing丢失的;crazy疯狂的。故选C。 11.根据前后语境可知,此处表示“但是”。故选B。 12.句意:如果不是植入了微芯片,萨沙的回归是不可能的。return 返回;illness 疾病;disappearance 消 失;movement移动。故选A。13.句意:微芯片是最好的身份证明。technology科技;civilization文明;identification身份证明;explanation解释。 故选C。 14.句意:如果你的联系信息有变化,向微芯片的制造商提供最新信息是很重要的。download下载;record记 录;copy复制,抄写。update向……提供最新信息。故选D。 15.句意见上。这里是指如果联系方式有变化应向徵芯片制造商提供最新信息。故选D。 四、 答案：1-5.BACDD; 6-10.ACDDB; 11-15.ACCBA 解析：1.根据空前句中的this is especially true when advertising food and drinks和空后的what it tastes like可 知,当给食物和饮料打广告时更是如此。由此可知,此处指食物看起来如何比吃起来如何更重要。food意为 “食物”,符合语境。company意为“公司;陪伴”;image意为“图像”;milk意为“牛奶”。 2.根据空格前一句可知,食物看起来如何比吃起来如何更重要。由此可知,此处想要表达的是公司想要成功卖 出食物,食物必须得看起来有食欲。look意为“看起来”符合语境。taste意为“尝起来”;sound意为“听起 来”;smell意为“闻起来”。 3.根据空格后一句Apparently, food looks especially appetizing if it moves可知,很显然,食物在移动时看起来更 诱人。由此可知,此处指电视上的食物广告通常使用动态的形式。movement意为“移动,运动”,符合语境。 sound意为“声音”;sense意为“感觉”;imagination意为“想象力”。 4.根据空格前一句的叙述可知,食物在移动的时候更让人有食欲。由此可以推知,此处指把巧克力酱倒在冰激 凌上比放在罐子里看起来更美味。delicious意为“美味的”,符合语境,和前文的appetizing相呼应。beautiful 意为“漂亮的”;natural意为“自然的”;clean意为“干净的”。 5.根据空后的sausages sizzling in a frying pan are mouth-watering可知,香肠在煎锅中的咝咝声令人垂涎欲滴。 由此可以推知,此处指音效也有助于食品的销售。sound 意为“声音”,符合语境。action 意为“动 作”;television意为“电视”;music意为“音乐”。 6.根据文章的内容可知,这篇文章主要介绍的是用电视为食品打广告。由此可以推知,此处指一个品牌咖啡的 电视广告背景是咖啡过滤的声音。advertisement意为“广告”,符合语境。programme意为“节目;计划,项 目”;show意为“演出,表演”;speech意为“演讲”。 7.根据空后的it lasted five years可知,这个广告持续了五年。由此可以推知,广告连续五年都是如此,说明它很 成功。successful意为“成功的”,符合语境。noisy意为“嘈杂的”;expensive意为“昂贵的”;long意为 “长的”。 8.根据空格后一句中的If the colour looks可以推知,此处指食物的颜色和包装也很重要。colour意为“颜色”,符合语境。price意为“价格”;name意为“名字”;brand意为“品牌”。 9.根据空格后一句Nobody would normally eat blue bread or drink blue beer可知,通常情况下,没有人会吃蓝色 的面包或者喝蓝色的啤酒。由此可以推知,此处指如果食物颜色看起来不对,人们不会去吃。wrong意为“错 误的,不对的”,符合语境。right意为“正确的”;great意为“极好的”;interesting意为“有趣的”。 10.根据空前的Other和空后列举的purple, grey, and in some cases, white可知,此处指的是其他不受欢迎的食 物颜色。unpopular意为“不受欢迎的”,符合语境。unknown意为“未知的”;practical意为“实际的,实用 的”;famous意为“著名的”。 11.根据本段所举例子可知,此处指人们对某种东西味道的期望往往会影响它的实际味道。actually意为“实 际上”,符合语境。especially意为“尤其是”;elegantly意为“优雅地”;seriously意为“严肃地,认真地”。 12.根据空前的They told one group that the water was mineral water可以推知,这组人被告知水是矿泉水,所以 几乎所有人都认为这水尝起来很好。good意为“好的”,符合语境。strange意为“奇怪的”;funny意为“滑 稽的,可笑的”;salty意为“咸的”。 13.根据空格前两句 Then the researchers told the other group that the water was tap water. This group said the water tasted a little funny可知,研究人员告诉另一组人这是自来水,这组人就说这水尝起来有点儿怪。由此可 以推知,此处指当人们一想到自来水,就会想到氯那令人不快的形象。unpleasant意为“令人不愉快的”,符合 语境。perfect意为“完美的”;unusual意为“不同寻常的”;unbelievable意为“难以置信的”。 14.根据本段最后一句They all claimed that the product in the glass jar tasted better可知,他们都说装在玻璃罐里 的食物吃起来更美味。由此可以推知,此处指的是食品的包装也一样重要。package意为“包装”,符合语境。 advertise意为“做广告”;produce意为“生产”;taste意为“品尝”。 15.根据空后一句中的the product可知,此处指一个食品生产商分别用玻璃罐和密封罐包装同一种产品给一组 人品尝。product意为“产品”,符合语境。water意为“水”;meat意为“肉”;coffee 意为“咖啡”。 五、 答案：(1)-(5)ABDBA (6)-(10)DBCDC (11)-(15)ADACD 解析：(1)词汇辨析题。learn学习; doubt怀疑; grow生长; practice练习。句意: 罗马哲学家塞涅卡说: “我们 一边教别人, 一边学习”。由下文“teaching is such a fruitful way to learn” 可知, 教学是一种卓有成效的学 习方式, 所以, 我们要教学相长。 (2)词汇辨析题。 value 评价, 重视; prove 证明; question 质疑; assume 假设, 猜想。句意: 他们正在证明为 什么教学是如此富有成效的学习方式。根据下文描述可知, 科学家们所做的都是在证明这一说法。 (3)词汇辨析题。 prepare 准备; preserve 保存; exchange交换; understand 理解。句意: 研究人员发现, 教别人知识的学生更努力地去理解材料, 并更有效地运用材料。学生要去教别人, 所以要努力地理解所教的材 料。 (4)词汇辨析题。officially 官方地; effectively 有效地; fluently 流利地; carefully 仔细地。句意: 研究人员发 现, 教别人知识的学生更努力地去理解材料, 并更有效地运用材料。根据上下文可知教能促进学习, 因此会 帮助学生更加有效地应用材料。 (5)词汇辨析题。still 还, 仍然; even 甚至; though 然而; once 曾经。句意: “学生怎么能又自己学, 又教授他 人呢? ”still意思是“还, 仍旧, 尚”。对想象中应该结束的动作或状态还在继续表示“惊讶”。本句是对自 己学的同时又能教授他人感到惊讶。 (6)词汇辨析题。 curious 好奇的; energetic 精力充沛的; independent 独立的; academic有学习天赋的 。句 意: 一些研究发现第一个出生的孩子比他们后出生的兄弟姐妹更有学习天赋。由下文“their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. ”可知, 他们的高智商是因为他们花时间来教他们的兄弟 姐妹。所以他们更有学习天赋。 (7)词汇辨析题。 add加; apply 应用; offer 主动提供; show 向某人展示……。句意: 教育家们正进行实验, 将这一模式应用到家庭作业中。apply “应用”符合句意。 (8)短语辨析题。as well 也, 同样地; at once 立刻; in turn 轮流, 依次, 转而; of course 当然。句意: 他们聘 请大学本科生为高中生教授计算机科学, 这些高中生转而给中学生进行这方面的指导。in turn 轮流, 依次, 转而; 体现出高中生从学习者变为教授者的变化。 (9)词汇辨析题。teacher老师; parent父母; sibling 兄弟姐妹; pupil 学生。句意: 电脑人物能够学习、尝试、 犯错、提问, 就像一个现实世界中的学生。由“learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions ”可知, 电脑人 物能够学习、尝试、犯错、提问, 所以电脑人物模仿的是现实世界中学生的行为。 (10)词汇辨析题。arrange 安排; mark 标记; master 控制, 精通(语言), 掌握; link 连接。句意: 充当老师的 学生们受到鼓舞并帮助 Betty 掌握特定的材料。充当老师的学生希望能教会它, 所以要帮助 Betty 掌握特 定的材料。 (11)词汇辨析题。thinking 思考, 见解; reading阅读; inspiration 灵感; guidance 指引。句意: 并且在学生们 向它解释信息的时候, 他们也通过自己的思考发现了问题。发现了问题一定是通过思考的方式发现的。 (12)词汇辨析题。shortly 立刻; hardly 几乎不; rather相当; further 进一步地。句意: 来自可教代理人的反馈 又进一步促进了教师的学习。 further 是强调在程度上更深远, 强调的是深度, 这里指反馈又进一步促进了 教师的学习。 (13)词汇辨析题。 ways方式; cases例子; places地方; orders命令。句意: 代理人的提问能促使充当老师的学生用不同的方式思考和解释材料。看着代理人解决问题让人们的情感体验转化为行动。in different ways“以不同的方式”符合句意。 (14)短语辨析题。 in all 总共, 合计; after all 毕竟; above all 首先, 尤其; for all 对所有人来说。句意: 人们 在教的过程中所体会到的情绪尤其能帮助学习。 above all 首先, 尤其, 在这里强调情绪对学习的积极作用。 故选C。 (15)词汇辨析题。satisfied 满意的; sick 生病的, 恶心的; pleased 愉快的; upset 沮丧的, 失望的。句意: 当 代理人失败的时候, 充当老师的学生会感到沮丧。但当这些学生从别人的成就中获得骄傲和满足时, 他们 会感到高兴。由“their teachable agents fail”可知, 当代理人失败的时候。所以判断出学生会感到沮丧。故选 D。 六、 答案：1-5.CCBDC; 6-10.BABCD; 11-15.CDDBC 解析：1.结合空后内容和常识可知,随着中国与世界各国联系更加紧密,中国被西方时尚影响。故选C。 2.结合语境可知,此处表示许多年轻人在服装的选择上回顾过去,穿起了传统汉服。故选C。 3.这些具有历史意义的汉族服饰正在经历着复兴,部分原因是政府正在推广传统文化,以增强爱国主义和民族 认同感。故选B。 4.参见上题解析。national identity"民族认同感"。故选D。 5.历史剧也促进了人们对中国传统服饰的兴趣的增加——以宋朝为背景的电视剧《知否知否应是绿肥红 瘦》三天内就吸引了超过4亿观众。故选C。 6.参见上题解析。attract"吸引"。故选B。 7.汉服没有统一的定义,因为每个朝代都有自己的风格,但宽松、飘逸的长袍和长至膝盖的袖子是汉服的特点。 uniform"统一的"。故选A。 8.参见上题解析。characterize"以……为特征"。故选B。 9.在我们小的时候,我们会披上床单和毯子,以假装自己穿着漂亮的衣服。pretend"假装"。故选C。 10.结合上下文内容和选项可推知,他的老师和同学们应该是支持他的。故选D。 11.政府对中国文化的支持给汉服群体以激励。boost在此处作名词,表示"帮助,激励"。故选C。 12.2019年4月,中国共产主义青年团举行了为期两天的会议,讨论包括汉服在内的中国传统服饰。故选D。 13.来自北京墨舞天下汉服社的一位成员说,服装是"文化的标志"。symbol"标志"。故选D。 14.联系上文中的"The support of the government"并结合选项可知,funding"资金"符合题意,故选B。 15.如果我们甚至都不了解我们的传统服装,或者不穿它们,我们怎么能谈论我们文化的其他重要部分呢?故选C。 七、 答案：1-5 BCBAB 6-10 DACBA 11-15 DCADD 解析：1.全文讲的是军训的经历，因此此处应指"我们"站在那里一动不动，没有发出任何声响。make a noise为固定搭配，意为"制造噪音"。故选B项。 2.军训是大多数高中让高一学生做的事。故选C项。 3.句意为：我们在封闭的环境中度过了四天。spend意为"度过"。故选B项。 4.此空需要一个跟difficult并列且含义相近的词来表示军训的辛苦。strict 意为"严格的"。故选A项。 5.根据"我们年轻幽默的教官有一口搞笑的口音"可知，他是"我们"那些日子里真正的乐趣（pleasure）。故 选B项。 6.根据 telling true stories about his life 可知，此处是说听教官讲他的真实生活。refer to意为"提及；参考"； devote to意为"奉献，投入"；turn to意为"转向；求助于"；listen to 意为"听"。故选D项。 7.根据第一段中的The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat was pouring off our backs and faces. 可 知，"我们"在烈日下军训，汗流浃背，故此处是说军训不止有阳光和汗水。故选A项。 8.此处是说军训给予"我们"的不仅仅是阳光和汗水。offer在此处意为"给予"。故选C项。 9.根据下一段中的Military training taught us perseverance and determination. 可知，这次军训后，"我们"的意 志比想象的更加坚定了。determined 意为"意志坚定的"。故选B项。 10.根据语境可知，此处是说"我们"比预想的更勇敢，expect意为"预期"，故选A项。 11.仍是对第一句的举例：挨罚的男生立刻跑到操场，开始跑步。rush 意为"冲，跑"。故选D项。 12.根据下段中的shouted so loud可知，此处是指喊得比其他班更大声，需要用louder，故选C项。 13.句意为：在训练的最后一天，可以在我们的脸上看到自信。故选A项。 14.根据We shouted so loud可知，这里是指"声音"响彻云霄，故选D项。 15.此处作为结尾句，应表达一种积极美好的含义，故应是太阳正冲着"我们"微笑。smile at sb意为"冲某人 微笑"，故选D项。 八、 答案：1-5.BDCAA; 6-10.CCBAD; 11-15.BADCB 解析：1.根据"I learned patience the hard 5 ."可知,无论什么时候,我们都要保持耐心。 2.根据"even if it may be the smallest thing, like greeting someone with a smile"可知,我们需要把注意力集中在做 好事上。 3.根据"even if it may be the smallest thing, like greeting someone with a smile"可知,一个微笑会点亮别人一天的生活。 4.根据"It all starts with your small but sincere smile!"可知,虽然是一个小小的微笑,然而也会成就一个大大的改 变。 5.根据"I was too busy trying to speed things up, but things just weren't 7 , so I finally gave up."可知,作者在 学会耐心的过程中走了很艰难的路。 6.根据"and wondering when my life would change"可知,作者把自己和家人、朋友作比较。 7.根据"so I finally gave up"可知,作者急于看到起色,但是却毫无进展。 8.根据"However, when I continued to help people and do little things I could every day to make a difference"可知, 生活会报答作者。 9.根据"no matter how unjust people are towards you"可知,我们应有实事求是的目的。 10.根据"I believe you will be successful"可知,后句解释你会成功的原因,所以用连词because。 11.根据"and yours is definitely coming"可知,是你的也肯定会来,你需要的只是多等一会儿。 12.根据"so kind and sweet, always trying to surprise me in the most 13 ways"可知,作者最终遇到了那个值 得等待的人。 13.根据"always trying to surprise me"可知,总是出其不意地给作者惊喜。 14.根据"Now, every day is something bigger and better"可知,那种感觉妙不可言。 15.根据"and I finally feel better"知,作者曾经一直与之作斗争。 九、 答案：1-5 DABCD 6-10 CBDBA 11-15 BCAAD 解析：1.根据下文的"Having a Master's in Nutrition"可知波顿是学营养学的, 故选D项。 2.根据上文的"Soon, her mother was diagnosed with cancer."可知她的妈妈也生病了, 故此处需用"照顾", 故选 A项。 3.根据上文的"Soon, her mother was diagnosed with cancer."可知此处表示"艰难的日子", 故选B项。 4.根据下文的"Soon she was 7 meals for patients referred to her by social workers, nurses and doctors in the area."可知此处用"饮食"符合语境, meals是原词复现, 故选C项。 5.结合常识可知, 营养物质对于病人来说很重要, 故选D项。 6.结合句意可知, 此处考查短语reach out, 故选C项。reach out试图联系。 7.结合上下文可知, 波顿成立的"Revive and Thrive"就是为病人准备健康饮食的组织, 故选B项。 8.结合句意可知, 此处是指波顿去和每个病人见面来了解他们所需营养的情况, 故选D项。9.结合上下文可知, 此处是指波顿了解了病人的需求后, 开始营养餐的准备工作, 故选B项。 10.此处是指帮助病人学会生活和工作技能, 故选A项。 11.根据上文"Serving meals to patients is equally important as teaching them to cook healthy foods"可知此处 用"服务"符合语境, 故选B项。 12.结合语境可知, 主厨的任务是开发和制作营养餐, 故选C项。 13.结合语境可知, 此处是指抗击疾病所需的营养物质, 故选A项。 14.根据"by yourself"可知此处表示"独自", 故选A项。 15.结合上下文可知, 此处是指病人知道有人关心自己的饮食, 会让他们受到鼓舞、精神振作, 故选D项。 十、 答案：1-5 CBADD 6-10 CBCDB 11-15 ADBCA 解析：1.根据空前的"I went to the barber shop where I always went" "there was an assistant"以及"recently"可知， 此处是说一位助手最近加入了（joined)作者经常光顾的这家理发店。 2.根据空前的"I sat for the haircut"以及空后作者的回答可知，此处是说理发师问作者的头发想留多长（how long)。 3.根据句中的"the last time"可知，上次理发时，作者的爸爸吩咐（instructed)理发师头发留多长。invite邀请； promise承诺; convince说服，使确信。 4.根据生活常识并结合上文中的"I sat for the haircut"可知，此处是在开始理发（haircut)之前理发师说的话。 5.根据空后的"So I joked too"可知，前后两句话之间存在因果关系，即因为作者知道（knew)他是在开玩笑, 所以作者也给他开了个玩笑。 6.此处是作者对理发师开玩笑的回应，表示"我不能保证(guarantee)你的店到时候会发生什么"。 7.由空后的"from behind"以及这个助手说的话"How dare you say that! Who are you to take our shop down, eh?"可知， B项符合语境。urge敦促; shout大声说，大喊。 8.根据文章开头可知，作者此时才10岁，面对理发师助手的大声质问，当时肯定是吓坏（scared)了。 9.结合第8空前的"too"可知，作者当时十分害怕，所以这位理发师应该是一副尴尬的（awkward)表情，毕 竟把10岁的小孩子吓坏了。anxious焦虑的； appealing吸引人的，引起兴趣的; encouraging令人鼓舞的。 10.根据上下文可知，作者通过理发时开玩笑的不愉快经历，学到的教训是不要拿别人的职业和工作开玩笑。 从那天起，作者彻底（completely)不再拿别人的职业和工作开玩笑。suddenly突然地； temporarily临时地； regularly有规律地。 11.根据空后的"which taught me..."得知，作者认为这件事是很重要的（important)一件事，因为它教会了作 者一个道理。12.根据上句中的"stopped joking about anyone's profession and work"可知,作者认为理发时开玩笑的不愉快经 历教会了他要尊重(respect)一个人的职业和工作,无论它们多么渺小。 13.参见上题解析。 14.根据空后的"that made me rethink the power of my words"可知，作者对这件事情是很感激的（grateful)， 因为它让作者重新思考了言语的力量。 15.根据空前的"the power of my words"可知，言语是有力量的，可以造成影响。make a difference有影响， 起作用； make a mistake犯错误; make a choice作出选择; make a joke开玩笑。 真题演练 【2022年】 2022年新高考I卷 My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our ___41___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___42___ along Chalk Creek. I was ___43___ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was ___44___, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So ___45___ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It ___46___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did. Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip. The ___49___ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to _____50_____ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No _____51_____. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there _____52_____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were _____53_____. Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of _____54_____, wondering what camping fun and _____55_____ we will experience next. 41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries 42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled 43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried 44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid 45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for 46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off 48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded 49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed 50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix 51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal 52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly 53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right 54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement 55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险，并且作者和 家人都十分期待即将经历的冒险。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想 法；B. jokes 笑话；C. memories 记忆；D. discoveries 发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推 知，此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C. walked散步； D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. surprised 惊讶的C. disappointed失望的；D. worried担心的。根据下文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”可推知，此处指作者担心自己的孩子会掉进小溪里，所以才在他的腰上系了一根绳子。故选 D。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around hiswaist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，此处指孩 子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。故选C。 【45题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以我没有把他绑起来，而是密切关注着他。A. due to由于；B. instead of代替、 而不是；C. apart from除了；D. as for至于。根据上文“He was uncomfortable, and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒 服，所以作者放弃在他身上绑绳子，而是密切关注着他。故选B。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它起作用了，他最终没有掉进小溪里。A. worked起作用；B. happened发生； C. mattered事关紧要；D. changed改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek.”可推知，此处指作者的密 切关注起作用了，孩子没有掉进小溪里。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的 晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知， 此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的 晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴 来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. start启动；D. fix 修理。根据下文“Nothing. He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可 推知，此处指作者的丈夫尝试将船启动。故选C。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有好运。A. luck好运；B. answer回答；C. wonder惊奇；D. signal信号。根据下文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫再次尝试启动， 也没有获得好运，船依然无法启动。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖 了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上 文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启 动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们安全了。A. sorry抱歉的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全的；D. right正确 的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可推知，此处指得到了渔夫的帮助， 作者和家人安全了。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道 接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. relief救济；B. duty职责；C. pride自豪；D. excitement兴 奋。结合语境，再根据下文“wondering what camping fun”可推知，此处指作者期待接下来的露营，充满兴 奋。故选D。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道 接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. failure失败；B. adventure冒险；C. performance表现；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of excitement, wondering what camping fun and”以及下文“we will experience next”可推知，此处 指作者与家人十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B。 2022年新高考II卷 Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___22___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___23___ . They’re part of a new form of the ___24___ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no- cost stays in ___25___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ . It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days around the petsthat are sometimes difficult to ___28___ . But house sitting also offers a level of ___29___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like ____30____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says. The couple has a high ____31____ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s ____32____ . For Jessica, that means ____33____ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house ____34____ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right ____35____ ,” she says. 21. A. indoors B. online C. single-handed D. full-time 22. A. game B. service C. vacation D. procedure 23. A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affordable 24. A. local B. private C. sharing D. agricultural 25. A. strangers’ B. parents’ C. co-workers’ D. neighbors’ 26. A. favor B. defense C. honor D. absence 27. A. plan B. explain C. compare D. complete 28. A. buy B. transport C. choose D. please 29. A. support B. comfort C. control D. attention 30. A. cooking B. staying C. waiting D. studying 31. A. success B. survival C. growth D. unemployment 32. A. budget B. abilities C. expectations D. understanding 33. A. admiring B. donating C. sending D. borrowing 34 A. clean B. open C. simple D. empty 35. A. guess B. decision C. response D. impression 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情。在他们免费住在陌 生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很 高，他们总是超出房主的预期。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. (在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项 工作。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他 们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知 Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让 他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的；B. busy忙碌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. affordable买的起的。对应 上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅 行负担得起。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是共享经济新形式的一部分：在线看房者。A. local当地的；B. private 私人的；C. sharing分享；D. agricultural农业的。根据后文“economy: an online group of house sitters”以及 提到他们免费住在陌生人家里，可见是共享经济，故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植 物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据上文 可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植 物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的 日子。A. plan计划；B. explain解释；C. compare比较；D. complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅 行，应用plan。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的 日子。A. buy购买；B. transport运输；C. choose选择；D. please取悦。根据上文“the pets that aresometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管，故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也 能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪；B. staying停留；C. waiting等待；D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. success 成功；B. survival存活；C. growth生长；D. unemployment失业。根据后文“rate in getting accepted as house sitters”可知此处指他们被接受为看房人的成功率，应用success。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. budget 预算；B. abilities能力；C. expectations期待；D. understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的 成功率很高，是因为他们总是超出房主的预期，所以成功率才高。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下 一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. admiring钦佩；B. donating捐赠；C. sending发送；D. borrowing 借来。根据后文“plenty of pictures of happy pets”指给房主发送宠物的照片。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去 下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. clean干净的；B. open开放的；C. simple简单的；D. empty空 的。根据上文可知，他们的职责就是照看房子，所以要保持房子的清洁。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你要让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定，”她说。A. guess猜测；B. decision决 定；C. response反应；D. impression印象。是房主选择了他们当看房人，所以是房主做了正确的决定，故 选B。 【2021年】 1.（2021年新高考I卷）My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for threewhole days, I worked in a baking factory. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____41____ little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes for all its ____42____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____43____ help during our spring break, for which I had no____44____ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ____45____ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory____46____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____47____. Our____48____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.____49____ bunny from the belt. This was _____50_____ than it sounds._____51_____ a , bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d _____52_____ . Dad ____53____. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood_____54_____ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you_____55_____ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 41. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved 42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens 43. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary 44. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies 45. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest 46. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived 47. A. ambition B. permission C. experience D. invitation 48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices 49. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove 50. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper 51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on 52. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered 53. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused 54. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering 55. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了在一次春假时，我去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让小孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。 【41题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间， 这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered定制； C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知， 这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C。 【42题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间， 这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭； C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据“throughout Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店 制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。 【43题】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我 最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的； B. financial财政的；C. technical技术的； D. temporary 暂时的。根据“during our spring break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。 【44题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最 喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口； D. hobbies爱好。根据 “beyond listening to my favorite records”可知我没有其他计划。故选A。 【45题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我挣的是最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得； C. set放置； D. suggest建议。根据“minimum wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。 【46题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想看看工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作；B. closed关闭； C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。根据“I'd see how a factory”可知这里意思是我想看看工厂是如何运作 的。故选A。 【47题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的 父亲，得到了他们的同意 。A. ambition抱负；B. permission允许；C. experience经历； D. invitation邀请。 根据“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我们已经在工厂工作了，所以必然是得到了他们的同 意。故选B。 【48题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 附加 上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. joys欢乐； B. ideas观点；C. roles任务； D. choices选择。根 据“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知这是我们的任务。故选C。【49题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 附加 上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止； D. Remove移动。根 据“bunny from the belt.”可知这里意思是把兔子从传送带上拿下来。故选D。 【50题】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的； C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据“51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知这项工作比听起来更难。 故选A。 【51题】考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来； B. Slow down慢一点；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on往前走。根据“and the cakes pile up”可知这里意思是慢一 点，就会造成蛋糕堆积起来的后果。故选B。 【52题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一个晚上的晚餐上告诉父母的那样，一切都比我预料 的要紧张。A. indicated表明； B. witnessed目击； C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。根据“This was 50 than it sounds. 51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知工作的实际情况比我预料的要紧张。故选C。 【53题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了； B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫； D. refused拒绝。根据“The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 54 food in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获， 联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。 【54题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔 送外卖。A. tasting品尝；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering送货。根据“The son of a grocer”可 知作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。故选D。 【55题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这 项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠； C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dollars you earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。 2.（2021年全国甲卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项。 It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada. Burchill was ___21___ at the hotel on business and planning to ___22___ some friends in the area. They had asked him to ___23___ some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he ___24___ a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was ___25___ that it would be too warm, he ___26___ it out on the table near an open window.He thought his pepperoni was ___27___ and well chilled (冷却) and he ___28___ . That's when things went ____29____ “I remember walking down the long _____30_____ and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of _____31_____ to the 4-star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went _____32_____ . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to _____33_____ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real _____34_____ . Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞). “I have _____35_____ and I admit responsibility of my _____36_____,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, _____37_____ , to apologize for the-damage I had _____38_____ caused and to ask you to _____39_____ my lifetime ban from the hotel.” His letter _____40_____ . Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said. . 21 A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing 22. A. visit B. help C. follow D. make 23. A. sell B. have C. bring D. taste 24. A. filled B. locked C. abandoned D. lost 25. A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried 26. A. dug B. cleared C. cut D. laid 27. A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready 28. A. left B. nodded C. waited D. regretted 29. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind 30. A. beach B. driveway C. hall D. table 31. A. application B. apology C. request D. invitation 32. A. hungry B. dead C. missing D. wild 33. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in 34. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge 35. A. recovered B. retired C. escaped D. matured 36. A. suffering B. plans C. madness D. actions 37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground 38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly 39. A. replace B. remember C. reconsider D. renew40. A. arrived B. worked C. ended D. disappeared 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时，给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥， 海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑 名单，Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入 住酒店的决定。最终，他的信起作用了。 【21题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些 朋友。A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. looking看；D. packing包装。根据“Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to 22 some friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店， 准备去拜访当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。故选D。 【22题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些 朋友。A. visit 拜访；B. help 帮助；C. follow 跟随；D. make 制作。根据“They had asked him to 23 some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，朋友让他带一些东 西，由此推知Burchill准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。故选A。 【23题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。A. sell卖；B. have有； C. bring带来； D. taste品尝。根据“So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，Burchill的朋友让他 从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。故选C。 【24题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。A. filled装满；B. locked锁 上；C. abandoned抛弃；D. lost丢失。根据“a suitcase full of pepperoni”和“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，他装了满满一箱子意大利 香肠。故选A。 【25题】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。 A. surprised感到惊讶的；B. pleased高兴的；C. excited兴奋的；D. worried担心的。根据“he 26 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心意大利香肠会太热，所以把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的 窗户。故选D。 【26题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. dug挖； B. cleared清除；C. cut切下；D. laid放。根据“it out on the table near an open window”可知，他把 它放在桌子上。故选D。【27题】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. delicious美味的； B. safe安全的；C. soft柔软的；D. ready准备好。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了，由此推知，他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好。 故选B。 【28题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. left 离开；B. nodded点头；C. waited等待；D. regretted后悔。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了。故选A。 【29题】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情就在这时出了问题。A. far远的；B. funny有趣的；C. wrong失常的；D. blind盲目的。根据“The seagulls immediately went 32 . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real 34 .”可知，事情就在这时出了问题。故选C。 【30题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得 我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. beach海滩；B. driveway私人车道；C. hall大厅； D. table桌子。根据“and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls”可知，Burchill走过长 长的大厅。故选C。 【31题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得 我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. application申请；B. apology道歉；C. request要 求；D. invitation邀请。根据““I have 35 and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.” ”可知，Burchill给酒店写了一封道歉信。故选B。 【32题】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海鸥立刻变得疯狂起来。A. hungry饥饿的；B. dead死亡的； C. missing失踪的； D. wild疯狂的。根据“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了，变得疯狂起来。 故选D。 【33题】考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香 肠。A. wake up醒来；B. get out出去；C. take off起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed to the window” 及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。【34题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：窗帘在落下，灯也在落下，真是一团糟。A. mess混乱； B. puzzle不解之谜；C. fight打架；D. challenge挑战。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，现场一片混乱。故选A。 【35题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我成熟了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. recovered恢复；B. retired退休；C. escaped逃跑；D. matured成熟。根据“and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,”可知，这里意思是Burchill认为自己成熟了。故选D。 【36题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我成熟了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. suffering苦难；B. plans计划；C. madness疯狂；D. actions行为。根据“I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知， Burchill承认对自己的行为负责。故选D。 【37题】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新 考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pocket手放在口袋里； B. nose in the air目中无人；C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D. feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕 恭毕敬地。故选C。 【38题】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新 考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. indirectly间接；B. deliberately故意地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. secretly秘密地。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，作者携带的意大利 香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。故选 A。 【39题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新 考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. replace取代；B. remember记得；C. reconsider重新考虑；D. renew 更新。根据“my lifetime ban from the hotel.”和“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，Burchill请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。故选C。 【40题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的信起作用了。A. arrived到达；B. worked起作用；C. ended 结束；D. disappeared消失。根据“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，他的信起作用了。故选B。 3.（2021年天津卷）For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17 took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18 .For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 19 his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 20 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 21 to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt 22 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 23 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again 24 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 25 to buy one. The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty 26 bicycles. Then came more than 500 27 for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 28 to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 29 struggling. 30 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to 31 skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. 32 , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. "It's a really great 33 for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a 34 , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 35 that he can make on people." 16．A．amazed B．mad C．curious D．frightened 17．A．emotions B．career C．opinions D．route 18．A．ever B．together C．instead D．yet 19．A．ride B．lock C．repair D．replace 20．A．lack B．variety C．increase D．quality 21．A．Instruction B．qualification C．transportation D．permission 22．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from 23．A．Remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered 24．A．by accident B．in advance C．for free D．on credit 25．A．profit B．budget C．courage D．excuse 26．A．shared B．used C．expensive D．modern 27．A．enquiries B．advertisements C．notices D．announcements 28．A．exported B．sold C．lent D．returned 29．A．hardly B．slightly C．truly D．instantly30．A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among 31．A．practical B．commercial C．mathematical D．social 32．A．OtherwiseB．However C．Somehow D．Meanwhile 33．A．promise B．celebration C．comfort D．experience 34．A．Competition B．service C．ceremony D．suggestion 35．A．Compromise B．impression C．impact D．progress 【答案】 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．C 31．A 32．D 33．D 34．B 35．C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的 计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行 车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger” 可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经； B. together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发 现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷 的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少 自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样； C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少 自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可 知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。 22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。 A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。 24．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他 的修车都是免费的。故选C。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折， 说明预算紧张。故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享 的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes” 可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B. advertisements广告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询 问详细信息的询问。故选A。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐 赠，要么返还原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几 乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them” 指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。 30．考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如 何修理自行车的机会。A. Without除了；B. Beyond越过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合 后文“simply satisfying a material need”表示“在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上”应用介词upon。故选C。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进 社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上 文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt 为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。 32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然 而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学 到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很 棒的经历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与 Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象； C. impact影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产 生影响”。故选C。 4.（2021年6月浙江卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her ___16___ and visit the doctor, providing ___17___ and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to ___18___ some small things she needs. Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was ___19___ about three dollars. The only ___20___ to pay for the groceries was to take off the ___21___ she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol（医用酒精）and a bar of soup. By taking of these, she was able to ___22___ the new total to the amount of cash she had with her. At this store, people ___23___ and then go off to the side to ___24___ their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a ___25___ came up to her and said, "Here are the things that you ___26___ ." handing her the rubbing alcohol and the ___27___ . My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She ___28___ for the woman's name and address so that she could ___29___ her. The woman told her it was her ___30___ . My mother was so ___31___ by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier（收 银员）a five-dollar bill to keep on hand ___32___ the same happened to someone else if they didn't have enough ___33___ for all of their groceries. So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of ___34___ that not only helped my mother out, but ___35___ too. 16. A. exercise B. housework C. cooking D. shopping 17. A. reward B. medicine C. company D. shelter 18. A. return B. collet C. order D. buy 19. A. shot B. cautious C. wrong D. concerned 20. A. aim B. way C. advice D. reason 21. A. weight B. things C. mask D. glasses 22. A. raise B. add C. bring D. switch23. A. show up B. call in C. check out D. sit down 24. A. store B. select C. deliver D. bag 25. A. stranger B. cashier C. friend D. doctor 26. A. looked for B. talked about C. threw away D. put back 27. A. receipt B. soap C. cash D. bottle 28. A. asked B. waited C. cared D. searched 29. A. repay B. trust C. recognize D. help 30. A. luck B. chance C. gift D. turn 31. A. surprised B. amused C. touched D. convinced 32. A. in case B. even if C. as though D. so that 33. A. energy B. money C. space D. time 34. A. faith B. courage C. kindness D. honor 35. A. made her day B. changed her mind C. caught her eye D. met her demand 【答案】16. D 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. B 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了在商店购物时，作者的母亲带的钱不够，不得不将一些东西又 放回去。一位陌生女人为作者母亲买下了这些东西。陌生人的行为感动了作者的母亲，她决定将这份善意 传递下去。 【小题1】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，我带母亲去购物，看医生。exercise锻炼；housework家 务活；cooking烹饪；shopping购物。根据上文中的“My mother is 92”和下一句中的“go to a nearby store” 可知，作者母亲年纪大，每周作者带着母亲去“购物”。故选D。 【小题2】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，我都带母亲去购物，看医生，提供陪伴和交通工具。 reward报酬，酬谢；medicine药；company陪伴；shelter遮蔽，庇护。根据前文“My mother is 92…I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor”可知，作者“陪同”上了年纪的母亲去购物，看医生。故 选C。 【小题3】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，在这一周里，母亲喜欢去附近的一个商店买她需要的一 些小东西。return返回；collect收集；order订购；buy买。根据下文中的“small things she needs”可知，作 者母亲去一家附近的商店去“买”她所需要的一些小东西。故选D。 【小题4】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她去付款的时候，她缺了大约3美元。short缺少的； cautious谨慎的；wrong错误的；concerned关心的。根据下文中的“The only way to pay for the groceries wasto take off the 39 she could do without…”可知，作者的母亲想要支付这些东西的唯一方式就是把可以不买的 医用酒精和肥皂放下。由此推知，作者的母亲带的现金不够。故选A。 【小题5】考查名词词义辨析。句意：支付这些东西的唯一“方式”把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放 下。aim目标；way方法，方式；advice建议；reason原因。结合上题解析可知，作者的母亲带的现金不够， 所以把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下是她能够支付这些东西的唯一“方式”。故选B。 【小题6】考查名词词义辨析。句意：支付这些东西的唯一“方式”把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放 下。weight重量；things东西；mask口罩；glasses眼镜。根据下文中的“a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap”可知，医用酒精和肥皂是作者母亲暂时可以不买的“东西”。故选B。 【小题7】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过拿掉这些东西，她最终能够使现在的商品总值达到了她所 带的现金金额范围。raise提高；add添加；bring使……处于某种状况，使……到某地；switch转变。根据 上文可知，母亲拿掉了一些东西才能够使得现在的商品总值达到了她所带的现金金额。bring sth. to sth.表 示“使……处于某种状况”，符合语境。该处指“使商品总值达到母亲所带金额范围之内”。故选C。 【小题8】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装 到袋子里。show up出现，露面；call in叫……来，拜访；check out结账离开；sit down坐下。根据空后的 “then go off to the side”可知，在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去。故选C。 【小题9】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装 到袋子里。store贮藏；select挑选；deliver递送；bag把……装进袋子。根据下一句中的“putting her groceries into shopping bags”可知，在这间店里，人们结完账之后，然后走到一边，将所购之物装进购物 袋。故选D。 【小题10】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲正在把买的东西放进袋子里，这时候突然一个陌生人 走过来，说……。stranger陌生人；cashier收银员；friend朋友；doctor医生。根据下文中的“She ___ for the woman’s name and address”可知，这个女人对作者的母亲而言是个陌生人，所以作者母亲要她的姓名和 地址。故选A。 【小题11】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是你放回去的东西。look for寻找；talk about谈论；throw away扔掉；put back放回。根据上一段的“…take off the ___ she could do without：a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. By taking off these…”可知，由于缺大约3美元，作者母亲将医用酒精和肥皂拿出来，放回 到货架上。故选D。 【小题12】考查名词词义辨析。句意：…递给她医用酒精和肥皂。receipt收据；soap肥皂；cash现金； bottle瓶子。根据上文中的“…take off the 41 she could do without：a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. By taking off these…”可知，作者母亲放回去的有医用酒精和一块肥皂。现在陌生人帮作者母亲又把这些东西买了下来。故选B。 【小题13】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址。ask询问；wait等待；care在乎； search搜索。根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲想要对方的姓名和住址以便报答对 方的帮助。故选A。 【小题14】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址以便她可以报答她。repay报答； trust信任；recognize认出；help帮助。根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲询问对方 的姓名和住址，这样就可以报答对方了。故选A。 【小题15】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个女人告诉她这是她的礼物。luck运气；chance机会；gift 礼物；turn（依次轮到的）机会。根据下一句中的“She was so ___ by her gesture that …”可知，这个女人并 没有告诉作者母亲她的姓名地址，并不期望作者母亲的报答。所以这是她给母亲的“礼物”。故选C。 【小题16】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲如此感动以至于她决定回到那家商店给收银员5美 元的钞票。surprised惊讶的；amused被逗乐的；touched受到触动的，感动的；convinced相信的。陌生女 人的无私帮助感动了母亲。故选C。 【小题17】考查短语辨析。句意：她决定回到商店，给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防同样的事情 （即：没有足够的钱支付所购买的东西）发生在其他人身上。in case以防，万一；even if即使；as though 尽管；so that以便，结果……。如果其他人遇到没有足够的钱支付所购买的东西时，母亲的五美元钞票可 以提供一些帮助。所以母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票，就是以防同样情况的发生。故选A。 【小题18】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她决定回到商店，给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防同样的事 情（即：没有足够的钱支付所购买的东西）发生在其他人身上。energy能量，精力；money钱；space地方， 空间；time时间。根据上文中的“a five-dollar bill”可知，作者母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防有人 没有足够的“钱”来支付他们所购买的东西。故选B。 【小题19】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管你是谁，都要谢谢你善意的行为。faith信任，信念； courage勇气；kindness善良；honor荣誉。陌生女人帮助母亲，这是一种“善意的”行为。故选C。 【小题20】考查动词短语辨析。句意：谢谢你善意的行为，这种行为不经帮助了我的母亲，而且使她 很开心。make one’s day使某人开心；change one’s mind改变主意；catch one’s eye吸引某人的注意力；meet one’s demand满足某人的要求。得到帮助，作者母亲心情愉悦，十分开心。故选A。 完形填空之夹叙夹议 【2021年】 1.（2021年全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude(感谢). My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while ___45___ to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was ___46___ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47___the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___, and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks. She was ___49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her _____50_____ at her recovery. As she was _____51_____ she was eager to say _____52_____ to each of us in the nursing team. When she _____53_____ one nurse, she tried to press a five- pound note into her hand. My colleague _____54_____ to accept it, saying that we were all just _____55_____ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then _____56_____:“Oh this isn't for the_____57_____ I had. I take that as a _____58_____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.” And there you have it. To many people,_____59_____lives is part of the job but styling hair is an _____60_____ and should be rewarded. 41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor 42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations 43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account 44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering 45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising 46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly 47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving 48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily 49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful . 50 A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment 51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving 52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes 53. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded 54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused 55. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported 57. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care 58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting 59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building 60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例，表达了我们应 该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢，即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。 【41题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁工； B. chemist化学家，药剂师；C. nurse护士；D. doctor医生。根据下文的“as she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，当时作者是一名护士。故选C。 【42题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语， 那会容易得多。A. grades分数，级别，程度；B. meanings意思；C. needs需求；D. expectations期待。根据 上文的“simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations”可知，作者认为如果有表达不同程 度感谢的词，那么感谢就容易得多了。故选A。 【43题】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside撇开；B. put to the test经受考验，接受……的考验；C. brought under discussion在讨论中；D. taken into account考虑。结合下 文讲述女病人对护士们的所为，可知作者的想法立即接受了测验。故选B。 【44题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing出发，离 开；B. escaping逃跑；C. retiring退休；D. recovering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知， 病人正在恢复中。故选D。 【45题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. attempting试图，尝试；B. choosing选择；C. pausing暂停；D. promising承诺。结合上文提到这是个膝盖有 伤的病人，可推知她尝试着自己上床。故选A。 【46题】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. eventually最后；B. fortunately幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。结合上文病人是因为膝盖置 换手术而住院，由此可知，此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。故选A。 【47题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次摔倒是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A.assessing评估；B. requiring需要；C. forming形成；D. proving证明。根据“the collapse was disastrous”可知， 要想把病人治好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选B。 【48题】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微 地；B. accidently意外地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. happily幸福地。根据上文的“the collapse was disastrous”可 知，要从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。故选C。 【49题】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful 感激的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. sorrowful伤心的，悲伤的；D. fearful恐惧的。结合下文女病人离开前和 大家一一道别，推知她对大家的付出表示感激。故选A。 【50题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她出院那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜；B. delight喜悦；C. curiosity好奇心；D. disappointment失望。根据下文的“her recovery”可知，此处是指分享 她康复的喜悦。故选B。 【51题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating手术；B. thinking思考；C. hesitating犹豫；D. leaving离开。根据上文的“on her day of discharge” 可知，女病人要出院了，所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。故选D。 【52题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry抱歉；B. hello你好；C. goodbye再见；D. yes同意。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病 人要出院了，由此推知她对护理团队的人告别，say goodbye to sb.“和某人告别”符合语境。故选C。 【53题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走到一个护士身边时，她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。 A. reached到达；B. consulted咨询；C. introduced介绍；D. persuaded说服。结合上文提到女病人出院时要 和护士们一一道别可知，此处是指她走到一个护士的身边，用“reach”符合语境。故选A。 【54题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished 希望；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. refused拒绝。结合常识和下文的“we were all just 13 our job” 可知，作者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱。故选D。 【55题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受；B. doing做；C. securing获得，保护；D. starting开始。根据上文提到作者的同事拒绝收下 钱可推知，她认为照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情而已。故选B。 【56题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受 的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. repeated重复；B. recited背诵；C. replied 回答，回应；D. reported报道。结合上文作者同事说照顾女士是自己的工作，不应该得到额外的礼物可知， 此处是女病人对同事说的话的回应。故选C。【57题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受 的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. courage勇气；B. patience耐心；C. duty职 责；D. care照顾。根据下文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，女病人并不是因为护士的照顾 才给的五英镑。故选D。 【58题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受 的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. goal目标；B. given该给的东西；C. push 推力；D. greeting招呼。根据上文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”推知，女病人认为她得到的照 顾是护士们应该给她的（东西）。故选B。 【59题】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应 该得到奖励。A. risking冒险；B. changing改变；C. saving拯救，挽救；D. building建设。根据上文内容可 知，医生和护理团队拯救了女病人的生命可知，此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。 故选C。 【60题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是额外的事 情，应该得到奖励。A. honour荣誉；B. ability能力；C. opening开口处；D. extra额外的东西。根据下文的 “To many people， lives is part of the job”和“but”可知，此处指做发型是本职工作以外的事情， 即额外做的事情，应该得到奖励。故选D。 2.（2021年1月浙江卷）Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 6 on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA．Three months later I 7 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was 8 at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of 9 , my worries had gone. Everyone was so 10 and like-minded that it was very 11 to feel at home. I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 12 . We had to 13 everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 14 way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire. My job was to 15 a stairway out of rock. This 16 climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never 17 . Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 18 of knowing that my 19 will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive. But on the last night we were 20 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to 21 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only 22 part of my tent.23 , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 24 . I think I am much 25 for having taken part in the project. 6．A．calculate B．negotiate C．advertise D．research 7．A．imagined B．introduced C．enjoyed D．found 8．A．annoyed B．surprised C．scared D．excited 9．A．arriving B．sleeping C．thinking D．walking 10．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious 11．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy 12．A．tour B．project C．campaign D．course 13．A．drop B．make C．carry D．buy 14．A．nice B．safe C．long D．quick 15．A．build B．test C．clean D．guard 16．A．helped B．ended C．allowed D．meant 17．A．hunted B．trained C．seen D．fed 18．A．Satisfaction B．ambition C．expectation D．intention 19．A．work B．memory C．record D．story 20．A．left B．caught C．attacked D．separated 21．A．boiling B．average C．normal D．freezing 22．A．tidy B．dry C．new D．soft 23．A．By the way B．Regardless of that C．Needless to sayD．In either case 24．A．survived B．resisted C．escaped D．recovered 25．A．smarter B．stronger C．happier D．busier 【答案】 6．D 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．B13．C 14．C 15．A 16．D 17．C 18．A 19．A 20．B 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．B 【分析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者的机 会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这个经 历让自己变得更坚强。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A. calculate计算；B. negotiate协商；C. advertise登广告；D. research研究。根据前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined想象；B. introduced介绍；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. found发现。根据前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet…”可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A. annoyed烦恼 的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后面的“my worries had gone.”可知，我 一开始很担忧。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving到达；B. sleeping 睡觉；C. thinking思考；D. walking行走。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故 选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic活力的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded” 可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny搞笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home” 得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。A. tour游览；B. project项目；C. campaign活动；D. course课程。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是 在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop掉下； B. make制作；C. carry携带；D. buy购买。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他们要背负着必需品 走。故选C项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像 是着了火。A. nice好的；B. safe安全的；C. long长的；D. quick快的。根据前文“walk three miles”可知， 作者他们走的路程不远。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build建造；B. test测试；C. clean 清洁；D. guard保卫。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮子栖息地建 一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A项。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped帮助；B. ended结束；C. allowed允许；D. meant意味。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可 以爬上爬下。故选D项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted捕猎；B. trained训练；C. seen看到；D. fed喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者 以前没有见过。故选C项。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是 巨大的。A. satisfaction满意；B. ambition雄心；C. expectation期待；D. intention意图。根据上文的“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A项。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是 巨大的。A. work工作，作品；B. memory回忆；C. record记录；D. story故事。根据上文的“My job was to”“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A项。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A. left离开；B. caught捉住；C. attacked袭击；D. separated分离。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可 知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B项。 21．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. normal 正常的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D项。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy干净的；B. dry干的；C. new新的；D. soft软的。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent”可知，帐篷里 进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B项。 23．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way顺便问一下；B. Regardless of that尽管这样；C. Needless to say 不用说；D. In either case在这两种情况下。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造 台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C项。 24．考查动词辨析。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A. survived 生存；B. resisted反抗；C. escaped逃离，抓牢；D. recovered恢复。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A项。 25．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter更聪明的； B. stronger更强壮的；C. happier更快乐的；D. busier更忙碌的。根据前文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B项。 【2020年】 1.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项。 Since our twins began learning to walk， my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The ___41___ is obvious. If we ___42___ it is a door， they’ll want to go outside ___43___. It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the ___44___. But our insisting it’s ___45___ a window has kept them from ___46___ millions of requests to open the door. I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll ___47___ and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a ___48___.I wonder if ___49___ should always tell the truth no matter the ____50____. I have a very strong ____51____ that the lie we’re telling is doing ____52____ damage to our children. Windows and doors have ____53____ metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in ____54____ they come to a metaphorical door， like an opportunity(机会) of some sort， and ____55____ opening the door and taking the opportunity， they just ____56____ it and wonder， ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ That is， ＂What if it isn’t a ____57____ opportunity?＂Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the ____58____ is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just ____59____ repeatedly having to say， ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life， be they real or metaphorical， they won’t ____60____ to open them and walk through. 41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case 42. A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize 43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually 44. A. result B. danger C. method D. truth 45. A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly 46. A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting 47. A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out 48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact 49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers . 50 A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences 51. A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt 52. A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral 53. A. traditional B. important C. double D. original 54. A. life B. time C. reply D. history 55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of 56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of 57. A. real B. Typical C. similar D. limited 58. A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret 59. A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept 60. A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. D 56. B 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. C 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教 育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种 “进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。 41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief安慰； B. target目标；C. reason原因；D. case 情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door， they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原 因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认；B. believe相信；C. mean意味着；D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去， 那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。 43.考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually逐步 地；B. constantly不断地；C temporarily临时地；D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having to say， "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。 44.考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method方 法；D. truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的 I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真 相的。故选D。 45.考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这 扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们， 所以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。 46.考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇 门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾；B. approving赞成；C. receiving收到；D. attempting尝试。根据millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。 47.考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关 于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up开始了解真相；D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天， 孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。 48.考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关 于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream梦想；B. lie谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故 选B。 49.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents父母；B. twins双胞胎；C. colleagues同事；D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道 父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。 50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. restrictions限制； B. explanations解释；C. differences差异；D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦 我说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。51.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的 伤害。A. demand要求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望；D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。 52.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上 的伤害。A. physical身体的；B biological生物的；C. spiritual心灵的；D. behavioral行为的。下文说家长们 的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。 53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的； B. important重 要的；C. double双重的；D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样， 就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。 54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他 们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. life生活；B. time时间；C. reply回答；D. history历史。根据Then when they come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。 55.考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不 是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与……相比；B. in addition to除……之外；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎， 今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选D。 56.考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他 们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓 住；B. stare at凝视；C. knock on敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住 它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。 57.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？A. real真的；B. typical典型的；C. similar相似的；D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。 故选A。 58.考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则； B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线；D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我 的底线。故选C。 59.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay推 迟；B. regret后悔；C. enjoy享受；D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选D。 60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他门时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹豫 的打开它们，然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙；B. decide决定；C. hesitate犹豫；D. intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。 2.（2020·新课标Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项。 As s businesswoman， I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection， ___41___ can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in， ___42___their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll ___43___ that they left it in the changing room， create havoe (混乱) and then ___44___ it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the ___45___ in the shop， and want the only style you don’t have left in a ___46___ colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get， but I try to persuade them to keep ___47___. I remember the first really ___48___ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was. ___49___ absolutely everything， nothing was right and I was rather ____50____ that she became a “regular”. After a while， she ____51____ for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before， was living in a flat ____52____， and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对)， she’d taken it out on ____53____ people. That taught me a valuable ____54____ and I pass it on to the people who ____55____ in the market. Don’t take it ____56____. If a customer is rude or difficult， just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not ____57____.” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get ____58____. If you do， you won’ be able to ____59____ it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ____60____ everyone’s day. 41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists 42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying 43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear 44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume 45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods 46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural 47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing 48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult 49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed 51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized 52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty 53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely 54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade 55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel 56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually 57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well 58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law 59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame 60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. A 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠 的顾客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了， 于是把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然 当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。 41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers 店主；B. customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员； D. receptionist接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。 42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. saying说；B. pretending假装；C. guessing猜测；D. replying回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说的内容应用say。故选 A。 43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直 在他们的车里。A. agree同意；B. promise承诺；C. imagine想象；D. swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里， 信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。 44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直 在他们的车里。A. forget忘记；B. decide决定；C. discover发现；D. assume假设。结合后文it had been in their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。 45.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. foods食物；B. catalogues目录；C. belongings所有物；D. goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此处指 的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。 46.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存 货。A. particular特别的；B. different不同的；C. matching相配的；D. natural自然的。结合上文the only style you don't have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色（particular）没 有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。 47.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting打架； B. smiling微笑；C. waiting等待；D. changing改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行 为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词边是转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选 项，B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。 48.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在 Covent Garden 遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous慷慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. careless粗心的；D. difficult难缠的，困难的。结合后文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满，很难缠。故选D。 49.考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然 成了“常客”。A. curious about好奇；B. displeased with对……不满意；C. patient with对……有耐心；D. uncertain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。 50.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居 然成了“常客”。A. relaxed放松的；B. delighted高兴的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。结 合上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。 51.考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索；B. argued争论； C. prayed祈祷；D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自 己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。 52.考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在 难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然；B. by herself她独自地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before， was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈 夫分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。 53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实 在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude粗鲁的；B. such这样的；C. other其他的；D. lonely寂寞的。 结合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with， she'd taken it out on可知她难以应付这样压力，于是决 定把气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. lesson 课程，教训；B. trick诡计；C. skill技能；D. trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这件事让作者学到了 宝贵的一课。故选A。 55.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. work 工作；B. shop购物；C. meet会面；D. quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场上工作的人。 故选A。 56.考查副词词义辨析。句意：别太在意。A. kindly亲切地；B. secretly秘密地；C. personally亲自地； D. casually随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要 太在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。故选C。 57.考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready迅速地；B. away离开；C. up向上；D. well好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生 的情况。故选D。 58.考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight看不见；B. in the way妨碍，挡道；C. behind the scene幕后；D. above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意 这些顾客，要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选B。 59.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面， 毁了每个人的一天。A. stress强调；B. expect期待；C. handle处理；D. blame责备。结合本段内容主要是 在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。 60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面， 毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins毁灭；B. makes制作；C. starts开始；D. saves拯救。结合上文the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的 一天。故选A。 3.（2020·江苏卷）Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success ___36___ fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the ____37____ in our lives. When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931， he had no ___38___ of knowing that his life was to change ____39____. The class experiment that day was to ____40____ how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. ____41____， the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat ____42____ held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it， the container ___43___， leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes. When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later， his parents ____44____ to find a way to dealwith the catastrophe that had ______45______ their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as ______46______. He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There， he not only did well as a student but also became a(n)______47______ public speaker. Later， he worked in Africa， where many people suffered from ______48______ for lack of proper treatment. For him， it was one thing to _____49_____ his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue _____50_____ it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the ______51______ Wilson made to preventing the ______52______. Wilson received several international ______53______ for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a _____54_____. He proved that it’s not what happens to us that ______55______ our lives-it’s what we make of what happens. 36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects 37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps 38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure 39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely 40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare 41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus 42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily 43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed 44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed 45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to 46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic 47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent 48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness 49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept 50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before 51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations 52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential 53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses 54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision 55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. C49. D 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外，威尔逊失明了。但是，他并没有抱怨命运的不 公，而是努力地学习，接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力，获得了很多国际大奖。他的 例子告诉我们：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。 36.考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情 的看法。A. depends依靠；B. holds握，持有；C. keeps保持；D. reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知，仅仅擅长某件 事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on：取 决于。故选A。 37.考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. dilemmas进退两难的处境；B. accidents意外事故；C. events事，事件；D. steps脚步，步骤。结合文章最 后一句“He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens” 可知，我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选C。 38.考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根 本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法，方式；B. hope希望；C. plan计划；D. measure措施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。 39.考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根 本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually不断地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. gracefully优雅地；D. completely完全地。结合下文可知，一场意外导致他失明，这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。 40.考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表 面。A. direct指导，引导；B. show展示；C. advocate提倡，倡导；D. declare宣布。那天的课堂实验的目的 是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。 41.考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。 A. Anyway无论如何，不管怎样；B. Moreover而且；C. Somehow不知怎么地；D. Thus因此。不知怎么的， 老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。 42.考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。 A. mistakenly错误地；B. casually随意地；C. amazingly令人惊奇地；D. clumsily笨拙地。老师“误”在容 器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。 43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted爆发， 喷出；B. exploded爆炸；C. emptied腾空，掏空；D. exposed揭露，使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水，而是更容易挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致Wilson失明。故选B。 44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发 生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得，应得，应受；B. attempted视图，尝试；C. cared关心，在乎； D. agreed同意。孩子失明了，身为父母，他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾 难。故选B。 45.考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发 生在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to提交，服从……；B. catered for迎合；C. impressed on给……留下 印象；D. happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。 46.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic极好的；B. extraordinary不同寻常的；C. impressive给人深刻印象的；D. catastrophic灾难性的，毁灭性的。根据上文 his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生活常识， 失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据 but转折可知，威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难性 的”。故选D。 47.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演说家。 A. accomplished才华高的，有成就的；B. crucial至关重要的，关键性的；C. specific特定的，具体的；D. innocent无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合 该句中的not only…but also…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中只有 A选项表达此意。故选A。 48.考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A. deafness聋，听力不佳；B. depression沮丧；C. blindness瞎；D. speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文中的 “And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 ”可知，很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知，在非洲，有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失明”。 故选C。 49.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解 决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide决定；B. abandon抛弃；C. control控制；D. accept 接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille(盲 文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There， he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知，威尔逊失明之后，他没有抱怨命运的不公，反而努力 进取，由此推知，他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。 50.考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until直到；B. when在……情况下，当……时候； C. unless如果不；D. before在……之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下，让他们继续失明下去完全 是另一回事。when表示“在……情况下”。故选B。 51考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都可 以恢复视力了。A. opposition反对；B. adjustments调整，调节；C. commitment奉献，投入；D. limitations 限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知，威尔逊行动起来，努力地去预防那些可以预防的情 况。因为他的“奉献”，很多人恢复了视力。该空和53空后的great contributions呼应。故选C。 52.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都 能够恢复视力了。A. preventable可预防的，可阻止的；B. potential潜在的，有潜力的；C. spreadable(黄油 等)容易被涂开的；D. influential有影响力的。结合空前的prevent可知，威尔逊努力地去预防“可以预防 的”情况。故选A。 53.考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships奖学金； B. rewards奖励，回报；C. awards奖，奖品；D. bonuses红利，津贴。因为他的巨大贡献，威尔逊获得了几 个国际“大奖”。故选C。 54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了视野。A. fortune运气，财富；B. recipe食谱，秘诀； C. dream梦，梦想；D. vision视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却通过努力，帮助了 很多人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的“眼界”开阔，做到了很多人都做 不到的事情。故选D。 55.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如 何看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分，辨别；B. determines决定；C. claims宣称；D. limits限制。结合 第一段中的“Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives”可知，成 功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活， 而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。 4.（2020·天津卷）阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意， 然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。 Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant___16___- -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes， but it can be___17___in a clever way. The___18___? Chat benches. Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her___19___. The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who ___20___made her believe that he was her friend， and thenshe lent him about “f 31，000 . Jones was___21___ when she said that she didn’t actually___22___ being cheated. “Otherwise， 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end，” she said. This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely ___23___ people in his community， who are easy targets of cheating. So he___24___ to do something about it. He_____25_____ the police department to allow him to _____26_____ a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that_____27_____:”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up， he found people sitting there and engaging in active and_____28_____ conversations. The idea is catching on_____29_____There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n)_____30_____ outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully _____31_____-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help_____32_____ the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. This effort is not just a(n) _____33_____ at being community minded- -it’s also a _____34_____ measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters. The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that_____35_____ those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future. 16. A. choice B. discovery C. visit D. promise 17. A. experienced B. suffered C. prevented D. felt 18. A. solution B. puzzle C. excuse D. intention 19. A. pleasure B. prize C. credit D. money 20. A. eventually B. frequently C. previously D. occasionally 21. A. ashamed B. shocked C. excited D. amused 22. A. mind B. forgive C. risk D. enjoy 23. A. active B. lonely C. cautious D. stubborn 24. A. learned B. refused C. pretended D. decided 25. A. forced B. ordered C. convinced D. taught 26. A. put away B. make out C. tear apart D. set up 27. A. read B. claimed C. meant D. implied 28. A. formal B. joyful C. awkward D. crazy 29. A. randomly B. slowly C. quickly D. purposefully 30. A. positive B. disappointing C. correct D. embarrassing 31. A. realized B. examined C. discussed D. formed32. A. break down B. put up C. keep off D. take out 33. A. glance B. attempt C. knock D. attack 34. A. heart-breaking B. risk-taking C. face-saving D. crime-cutting 35. A. forbids B. appoints C. encourages D. troubles 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他最近 有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加 以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”，帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。”聊天长椅”是一 个很棒的新项目，它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。 16.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚 至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice 选择；B. discovery 发现；C. visit 参观；D. promise许诺。下文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes 说孤 独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这是一项重大 的发现。故选B。 17.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚 至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced经历；B. suffered遭受；C. prevented阻止； D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题，有阻止的方法。故选C。 18.考查名词词义辨析。句意:解决方案？长椅上聊天。A. solution解决方案；B. puzzle谜；C. excuse借 口；D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问”解决方案是什么”。故选A。 19.考查名词词义辨析。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。A. pleasure快 乐；B. prize奖品；C. credit信用； D. money钱。根据下文and then she lent him about £31，000可知这位老 妇人被骗了钱。故选D。 20.考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，他最终让她相信他是她 的朋友，然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。A. eventually 最后；B. frequently频繁地；C. previously先前； D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑，由此可知，他最终让她相信他 是她的朋友。故选A。 21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. ashamed 羞愧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. excited兴奋的；D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑，一个人被骗了很多钱， 她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B。22.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. mind介意； B. forgive原谅；C. risk冒险；D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise， 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end，” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选A。 23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人，他们很容易 成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的；B. lonely孤独的；C. cautious小心的； D. stubborn顽固的。上文老妇 人说:“否则，我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”，结合下文，琼斯创建了“聊天长椅”可知在他的社区中， 有太多极度孤独的人。故选B。 24.考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned学习；B. refused拒绝；C. pretended假 装；D. decided 决定。下文 He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动，由此可知，琼斯决定做点什么。故选D。 25.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个”聊天长椅”。A. forced强迫；B. ordered命令；C. convinced说服；D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个 “聊天长椅”，由此可知，他是说服了警察局。故选C。 26.考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”。 A. put away放好；B. make out辨认出；C. tear apart把……弄乱；D. set up设立。根据 a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选D。 27.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后，他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子，上面写着:“聊天愉快。” A. read写着；B. claimed宣称；C. meant意味；D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT. “可知这是牌子 上写的内容。表示”牌子上写着……”应用动词read，故选A。 28.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后，他发现人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。 A. formal正式的；B. joyful愉快的； C. awkward尴尬的；D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的想法已经完全实 现了，结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊天”，可知人们坐在那里，进行 着积极愉快的交谈。故选B。 29.考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. quickly很快地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.可知 这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C。 30.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A. positive积极的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. correct正确的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones' idea has been fully…- the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.可知琼斯 的想法已经完全实现了，”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此，推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A。 31.考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现；B. examined检查；C. discussed讨论；D. formed形成。下文说”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。由此 可知，琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A。 32.考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A. break down打破； B. put up提供；C. keep off不接近；D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从参与中获得了 积极的结果。由此可知，“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。故选A。 33.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. glance 一瞥； B. attempt尝试；C. knock敲打；D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个新颖且有趣的尝 试。故选B。 34.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. heart- breaking令人心碎的；B. risk-taking冒险的；C face-saving顾全面子的；D. crime-cutting减少犯罪的。根据 上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以及那位被骗了钱的 老妇人的悲惨经历，可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故选D。 35.考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流 和了解。A. forbids禁止；B. appoints任命；C. encourages鼓励；D. troubles麻烦。根据The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果，可知“聊天长椅”，鼓励所有年龄段的人 在未来相互交流和了解。故选C。 学习评价： ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________