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专题 06 定语从句——备战 2023 年高考英语考试易错题
【导入】
“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词
1．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用 who/that，非限制性
定语从句中用who。
2．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用 who/that/whom，非
限制性定语从句中用whom。
3．如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用 which/that，
非限制性定语从句中用which。
4．如果先行词指时间，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，定语从句中用when；如果先行词指
地点，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，则定语从句中用 where；如果定语从句中缺少的是主语
或宾语，则用that/which。
5．无论先行词指人还是指物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。
6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用 whom；如果先
行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
技巧1 关系副词引导的定语从句
1. Then the day came ______ I finally realized I had to make a change.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：后来有一天，我终于意识到我必须做出改变。分析句子可知，句子为限制
性定语从句，先行词为the day，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。
故填：when。
【答案】when
关系 在从句中 与“介词＋关系
先行词
副词 的作用 代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time， ＝at/in/on/
when 作时间状语
day，year等 during which表示场所的名词：park，
where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which
place，country，house等
表示理由的名词：the
why 作原因状语 ＝for which
reason
(1)先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词point，position，situation, stage, state, case, scene，spot 等后也常用
where引导定语从句。
He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror.
他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。
(2)the reason作先行词时，若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。
The boss doesn't want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.
老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。
1. We reached Quebec on the eighth day, _________ most people speak French.
2. The plan is designed to created an atmosphere, ________ the staff are motivated to work hard.
技巧2 关系代词whose引导的定语从句
1 . We’ll talk about a particular type of comfort food ______ power tend to be linked with positive emotions.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将讨论一种特殊类型的舒适食品，其功效往往与积极情绪有关。分析
句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是food，指物，在从句中作power的定语，应用关系代词
whose引导。
故填：whose。
【答案】whose
关系代词指代的对象及其作用关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的作用
who 人 作主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 作宾语
which 事物 作主语、宾语
that 人或事物 作主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或事物 作定语
人或事物，一般用于“such ... as” “the same ... as”
as 作主语、宾语、表语
“as ... as”结构中
1. (2015﹒四川)The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A.which B. what C. whose D. that
2. In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food ________ power mainly lies in the
associations it calls to mind.
基础夯实
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
一、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语、表语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.我们在日常生活中遇
到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.我大儿子的工作需要他
奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。
易错提示
as用在限制性定语从句中时,常用于下列句式:such+名词+as...（像……一样的;像……之类的）;the same+名
词+as...（和……同样的）二、that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况 先行词是all、few、little、much、something、anything、nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only、the very、the same、all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级、被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词前有介词时
Readers attracts so many audiences， which means that it becomes more and more popular in China.
《读者》杂志吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。
三、as和which的区别
as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，像……”。常作实义动
词（如see、know、expect、say等）的宾语。
whic which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，which引导的从句
h 与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。
As the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。”
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副用法 例句
词
when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当The days are gonewhenphysical strength was all you needed to make
于“in/at/on/during+ a living.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。
which”
where 指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当Students should involve themselves in community activities where
于“in/at/on/to+which” they can gain valuable experience.
学生们应该参与社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经
验。
why 指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当Do you know the reasonwhyhe didn’t attend the meeting yesterday?
于“for+which” 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗?
易错提示
当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等,且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时,常用关系副词where引导。
Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.他们的孩子处于能说个别单
词但不能说完整句子的阶段。
考点三 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句一、“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的
关系。此类结构常见的有“some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the
largest+of+which/whom”等形式。
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科学
家们提出了很多关于为什么人类在哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论都尚未得到证实。
Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年
轻人都去了偏远的地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
二、在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以转换为“the＋名词＋of
which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly-built café， whose walls（=the walls of which） are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for
us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说真是一个安静的地方，
特别是在辛苦工作后。
易错提示
“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1．Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.
A．whom B．whose C．as D．where
2.There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin, ______ I like the Ancient Cultural Street best.
A．which B．where C．among them D．among which
3.After a 57-day hiking, the explorers finally reached a place, ________ they believed was the South Pole.
A．which B．where C．that D．as
4.Students should involve themselves in community activities ______ they can gain experience for growth.
A．when B．where C．which D．why5.I think you've got to the point________ a change is needed, otherwise you'll fail.
A．when B．where C．that D．which
6.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, ________ is considered one of the highest international honours a
person can receive.
A．that B．what C．which D．where
7.There are hundreds of scenes in English novels ________ characters walk through a landscape of fallen leaves,
which mirrors their feelings.
A．that B．where C．which D．when
8.He often goes to school by bike, ________ helps him keep fit.
A．where B．which C．when D．that
9.Here are four experiments we have to finish before June 6th, ________ two should be done in the wild.
A．of which B．whose C．in which D．that
10.I place those photos taken with my friends ________ I can see them every day so that it could remind me of
those beautiful days.
A．what B．that C．when D．where
11.At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the
visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
12.He may have missed the train, ________ he won’t arrive in another hour.
A．in which case B．in that case
C．under which condition D．on that occasion
Ⅱ、语法填空
1Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—______ works alongside her in the family business —said it remained unknown
as to who nominated Irene for the award.
2.The Crescent Spring, ______beauty attracts tourists from home and abroad, has become a romantic paradise for
visitors.
3.The sample, ______ includes 1,700 grams of lunar rocks and soil, is larger than previous ones.
4.It marked the successful conclusion of China’s current three-step lunar exploration program of orbiting and
landing, and bringing back samples, ______ began in 2004.
5.The rising number of wild birds in the reserve has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, ______ are able to spot
oriental storks (东方白鹤) and other wild birds even outside the reserve.6.As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry,
______ can cause colds or coughs.
7.Practising yoga or Tai Chi can help to keep our bodies supple, ______in turn can lower joint pain and help to
protect us from injury.
8.The 2020 Summer Olympics, ______ were planned for this summer in Tokyo, have been formally put off until
2021 because of COVID-19.
9.In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in Kazan, Russia,
______is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the world, organized every second year
by the World Skills International with an aim to show the skills and promote career of youth.
10.The most famous of these is the Great Red Spot, ______ is so big that Earth could fit inside it.
11.While flying through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by gu – zheng, ______ is a
traditional Chinese musical instrument.
12.The valley including a museum claims to be the only place ______visitors can safely observe wild Asian
elephants.
Ⅲ、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It's never been so important to spend time outside, 1 ． that's because it's the only place to experience different
scenes or for the mental and physical good provided by fresh air and exercise. It's not always easy to be 2 ．
(motivate), which, however, is where nature collecting can help.
Start by looking 3 ． (closely) at the flowers in your garden or trees on your street than ever before. How many
species or unusual features can you spot? Pick up a fallen leaf or examine a pretty flower. Allow yourself time 4 ．
(stop), breathe, switch on your sensory antenna(触角) and connect with the bigger picture. Make 5 ． extra effort to
look, listen, smell, touch and taste. When you form new habits, why not set yourself the challenge of collecting and
identifying 100 natural 6 ． (treasure) over the seasons, 7 ． (use) some relevant knowledge?
When it 8 ． (come) to displaying your finds, there are many methods to explore, from container displays, and
pressed-flower art 9 ． other works of art. You can also take photos or make drawings of live animals, rare plants or
other items, 10 ． you think need to stay in the wild, such as seashells and pebbles(鹅卵石) on the beach. Make it
personal and, above all, enjoy!真题演练
【2022年】
1（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live
within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small
but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can
learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
2．（2021·天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills
and teach the visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
3.（2021年浙江1月卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that
people worldwide are getting heavier 28 ． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
【2020年】
1. （2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
2. （2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own
typing.
A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which
3. （2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where C. which D. what
3.【2019·新课标I卷】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the schoolplayground.
4.【2019·新课标II卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，
___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
5.【2019·新课标III卷】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with
caring for these animals.
6.【2019·新课标III卷】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is
created for them.
7.【2019·浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
8.【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
9.【2019·北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参
与)in academic life.
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who C. as D. that
2.【2018·天津】Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in
Australia.
A. whom B. that C. whose D. her
3.【2018·江苏】 Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting
line.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
4.【2018·新课标 I 卷】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66
showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all
causes (cause).
5.【2018·新课标I卷】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they
earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
6. 【 2018· 新 课 标 II 卷 】 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
7.【2018·新课标II卷】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries
once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【2017年】1.【2017·北京卷】The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great
inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
2.【2017·江苏】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve
worldwide starvation.
A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom
3.【2017·天津】My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】 I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why C. where D. which
2.【2016·江苏】Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase
their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
3.【2016·浙江】 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______
has been proved.
A. whom B. which C. what D. that
4.【2016·天津】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
学习评价：
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