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专题 05 非谓语动词——备战 2023 年高考英语考试易错题
技巧1 留心并列连词
1. (全国卷Ⅱ) It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This
included digging up the road, ________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
【解析】and前后为三个并列成分，根据digging、building可知用laying，这三个动词ing短语
作included的宾语。
【答案】laying
1. 1. [2019课标全国Ⅲ]On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,________________（listen）to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
2. Pressed from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing
video games.
A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized
3.(2019﹒浙江﹒语法填空)When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
技巧2 固定搭配要记牢
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid ____________(look)
directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.【解析】此处考查固定搭配avoid doing sth.，意为“避免做某事”，故填looking。
【答案】looking
1.[2020浙江]Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change （change）
lives.
2. While regularly eating out seems to_____________________（become） common for many young people in
recent years, it’s not without a cost.
技巧3句子成分要明晰
1 . (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the
mid1980s, and are expensive ____________(perform) consistently over a large area.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在 20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就使用现代的方法来跟踪
北极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。分析句子结构可知，主
系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，故填to perform。
【答案】to perform
分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。
1. ( 全 国 卷 Ⅲ )Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese
characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ____________(create) specialdesigns.
2. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ______ (receive) a Nobel
Prize.
技巧4 主动表被动要记牢
1. In many people’s opinion ， that company ， though relatively small ， is
pleasant___________________________（deal） with.
【解析】句意：许多人认为那家公司虽相对较小，但与之相处令人愉快。“主语+be+形容词+动词不定
式”结构中，主语和不定式构成被动关系，用主动表示被动。
【答案】to deal
1. 在 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，主动表被动。形容词修饰不定式。句子的主语和不定式构
成逻辑上的被动关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是
及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
2. be to blame，be to rent 主动表被动。
3. “have +宾语+to do”结构，句子主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。
翻译：
1. 这个人很难相处。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 这篇文章很难懂。
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. 他不该被责备。
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. 我有个重要的消息要告诉你。
______________________________________________________________________________________技巧5 非谓语动词有时态和语态
1. He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
A．to act B．to have acted C．acting D．having acted
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：人们认为他干了蠢事。现在丢了工作只能怪他自己。句型“有人认为..
已....”可用It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结构。从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。该结构
可转化为sb is thought/believed +不定式的完成式。
【答案】B
非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
其表示的动作与句
中谓语动词的动作
不定 一般式 to do to be done
同时发生或在其后
发生
其表示的动作与句
式 进行式 to be doing 中谓语动词的动作
同时发生
其表示的动作发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 在句中谓语动词的
动作之前
其表示的动作与句
现在
中谓语动词的动作
一般式 doing being done
分词/
同时发生或基本上
动名
同时发生
词 其表示的动作先于
完成式 having done having been done
句中谓语动词的动作发生
与句中主语为逻辑
过去分
一般式 done 上的被动关系，表
词
完成
1. There are some health problems that, when ____in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A．not treated B．not being treated
C．not to be treated D．not having been treated
2. So,______ one year of planning，what made you decide then to go into architecture？
A．having done B．doing
C．to do D．done
基础夯实
考点一 非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
1.不定式作状语
1）作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；以便”。
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支
付的便利,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。
2）作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：only to do（表示意想不到的结果）；enough to do...（足够做……）；
too... to do...（太……而不能……）；so/such... as to...（如此……以至于……）等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，却发现他要乘
坐的飞机已飞入高空。
3）作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard,
comfortable, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着它最
初的样子。
易错提示
在 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系，且此时不定式
通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在
其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
The person is hard to deal with. 这个人很难对付。
2.分词作状语
分词作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示
的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间
构成逻辑上的被动关系。为了强调,还可与while, when, once, if, unless等词连用。
A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man’s intelligence and creativity. 一座城市是人类
的手与大脑的产物,这反映出了人类的智慧与创造性。
The couple took good care of the baby while occupied by their work.这对夫妇一边工作，一边很好地照顾着婴
儿。
易错提示
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的词和短语有：located （坐落
于）, lost（迷路的）, seated（坐着的）, hidden（躲着的）, lost/absorbed/buried in（沉溺于）, dressed in（穿
着）, tired of（对……厌烦）, faced with（面对着）。
Faced with the great challenge, I didn’t lose heart. 面对巨大的挑战，我没有灰心。
考点二 非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
1）不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。若不定式与其所修饰的词之间是被动关系，
且该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.我在整个会议期间一直看表，因为我
要赶火车。
2）序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only 等词后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。
注意:该名词或代词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者。
He was the first guest to arrive.他是第一个到的客人。3）被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有：ability, chance, wish, excuse, promise,
attempt, way 等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让它（意志
力）成为一种习惯。
2.分词作定语
1）及物动词的分词形式作定语
doin 被修饰的名词与分词之间为主There were millions of peoplewatchingthe opening ceremony live on TV.
g 动关系 有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
bein 被修饰的名词与分词之间为被The questionbeing discussednow is very important.现在正在被讨论的问
g 动关系且表示正在进行 题很重要。
done
done 被修饰的名词与分词之间为被I’d like you to look at a studyconductedin Australia in 2012.我想让你们看
动关系且表完成 一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。
2）不及物动词的分词形式作定语
现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示动作已完成,不表被动。
falling leaves正在落下的叶子（表正在进行）
fallen leaves落叶（表完成）
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
1.通常接不定式作宾语的动词
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree,
ask/beg, help
I have decided to study engineering.我已经决定学工程学。
易错提示
allow, permit, advise 后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补，即
allow/permit/advise doing/sb. to do sth.。
2.通常接动名词作宾语的动词及短语
admit, avoid, consider, escape（避开）, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to,
look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth.结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我避开提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
3.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
｛forget to do sth.忘记去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
｛regret to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔
｛remember to do sth.记得去做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事｛stop to do sth.停下来做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事
｛try to do sth.尽力去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事
｛go on to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事
｛mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事
｛can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
I remembered locking the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室之前记得
锁门了，但却忘记关灯了。
易错提示
1）动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。
与此用法相同的动词还有deserve（值得）。
The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. （window与clean之间存在被动关系）
2）不定式作动词（短语）learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等
的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。
4.作介词的宾语时,要用动名词形式,不能用动词不定式。
be/get used to, feel like, insist on, get down to, devote...to..., object to, stick to, have difficulty/trouble （in）; have
fun （in）。
I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now deal with students. 我过去航海和现在与学生们打交道一样开心。
易错提示
介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要
省略to。
We can do nothing but wait.除了等待我们别无选择。
考点四 非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主动关系。常用不定式作宾补的动词（短语）有：advise,
allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell,
want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们
期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们一个可以依赖的替代品。
易错提示
1）有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳
的人民。
2）在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，用不定式作主语补
足语。
The president was reported to have visited China.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
2.现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主动关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的
常见动词：see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel, have, get, find, leave, keep, catch等。
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help？听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
3.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在被动关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词有：see, watch,
observe, notice, hear, feel, have, make, get, find, leave, keep等。
I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken.我需要一本新护照,因此我得拍张照片。
4.使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have sth. done＝get sth. done让别人做某事；
②have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事；get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事；③have sb. do sth. ＝get sb.
to do sth. 让某人做某事。
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
5.with的复合结构：
①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；
②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；
③with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.这老两口常常在晚
饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn’t seem likely that John will finish the job.离截止日期不
远了，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With a lot of work to do, she wasn’t allowed to leave her office.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
考点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
1）不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。2）不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词
时，常用不定式作表语；主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What I want to do most in senior high is （to） improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语
水平。（不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的某种形式，作表语的不定式常省略to。）
2.动名词作主语和表语
1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用 it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。常
用动名词作真正主语的句型有：It’s a waste of time doing...；It’s no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...。
Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次
既有趣又有益的经历。
It’s no use just complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
2）动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My job is cleaning the house three times a week.（＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.）我的工
作是每星期打扫三次房子。
3）remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意
为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to be done。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是
站着。
It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.新成立的委员会提
出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
模拟演练
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. My neighbors volunteered ________（take） care of my pet dog while I was on vacation last summer.
2. Nothing will keep this plan from ________（carry）out.
3. ________（contribute）to the 21st Century regularly, he finds his English greatly improved.
4. Previous to ________(draw) a conclusion, please take all aspects into consideration.
5. It is wise ________(assign) special exercises to the weaker students.
6. Yet there is evidence ________ (suggest) that the trend is growing.7. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ________ during the day.
8. I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy______(cook).
9. The couple often take their children abroad for holiday,_______ (expose) them to different cultures.
10. Tom is our manager who is easy_________ (get) along with.
11. I used to hate__________（tease）about my red hair when I was at school.
12. This is an organization_______ (make) up of eight countries.
13. This is an organization_______ (consist) of eight countries.
14. Coming out of this experience, I realize it is OK ________(be) different from others…
15. It is difficult ________ (figure) out a global population of polar bears…
16. The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise
________ (skip) eating first.
17. How ________ (facilitate) the cooperation between the two cities is still a problem.
18. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how ________ (read ) fast.
19. When and where ________(vote) hasn’t been decided.
20. It took the doctor about half an hour ________(examine) the eyes of the baby.
21. It is wrong for you ________(skip) breakfast.
22. Apparently, it is not right ________(skip)class. You’d better not do that.
23. Tom delayed his composition, for the first sentence was so hard ________(compose).
24. I’m sorry ________(disturb) you so late, but my car’s broken down and I don’t have my phone with me.
25. Five doctors and ten nurses, ________(compose) the rescue team, were sent to the earthquake-hit area this
morning.
26. It is easy for me ________(learn)how to drive.
27. You mean it’s no use________(repair)the old bicycles, but I think they need ________(repair)at once.
28. It took us half an hour ________(arrive) there by plane.
29. It is great fun ________(visit) Qinhuangdao.
30. ________ (help) others in need made him really happy.
31. It is difficult ________(understand) why she barks every minute.
32. ________ (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
33. The restaurant, _______(base) on trust, is working all right.
34. Next month the city will build a new park ________(honour) those who died in the terrible disaster.
35. ________(volunteer) gives you a chance to change lives, including your own.36. The processes take place to stop our brains ________(become) loaded with memories.
37. My deskmate enjoys ________(listen) to pop music.
38. Jack wants to invite you ________（make）a speech for his company.
39. _________(transform) a small stage into the whole universe to some extent, Peking Opera appeals to fans from
many walks of life.
40. __________ (absorb) in the book, he forgot the time for dinner.
二、单项选择
41. With the camera still ________ to my eye, I turned and froze. With water ________ off its thick, brown hair,
the bear stared back at me.
A. held; falling B. held; fallen C. holding; falling D. holding; fallen
42. _______ Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.
A. Follow B. Followed C. Following D. To follow
43. Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ open on the table and disappeared in the distance.
A. leaving; lying B. to leave; to lie C. left; laid D. leaving; laid
44. —Is Rachel still performing?
—I’m afraid not. She is said ______ the stage already as she has become an official.
A. to leave B. left C. to have left D. leaving
45. Much disappointed as he was________in the job interview, he still had great confidence in his abilities.
A. to have failed B. to fail C. having failed D. failing
46. The outbreak of the coronavirus has led to over thousands of people________to hospital for treatment,
________the world to be in deep sorrow.
A. sent; causing B. sent; having caused
C. being sent; causing D. being sent; having caused
47. -I have heard that Ms. Smith was the first________to our office today
-Yes. But with the work________, she left early.
A. coming; done B. coming; to be done
C. to come; done D. to come; to be done
48. I am impressed with China’s commitment to its climate goals,________ by the fact________China has met its
2025 targets three years ahead of schedule.
A. evidenced; that B. evidenced; which
C. was evidenced; that D. was evidenced; which49. That gas pipeline project,________in July 2020 and________in 2023, will benefit several cities along the
eastern coast.
A. starting; completing B. started: to be completed
C. to start; completed D. starting; completed
50. ________ you go abroad, it is likely that you will have trouble________the new life.
A. The first time; adjusting to B. For the first time; adjusting to
C. The first time; to adjust to D. For the first time; to adjust to
51. ________ their son’s response letter, the concerned parents wrote another one and had it________at once.
A. Having not received; deliver B. Having not received; delivered
C. Not having received; deliver D. Not having received; delivered
52. Robin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense.句子中非谓语动词是：
A. agrees B. thinks C. starting D. makes
53. The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag________the original blue box________the
notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.
A. containing; where B. to contain; which C. containing; / D. to contain; that
54. The four countries use the same flag, as the Union Jack, and share the same currency.
A. knowing B. to know C. known D. was known
55. True friends are people who face extreme hardship to save each other.
A. are about to B. are blind to C. are willing to D. are likely to
三、根据所给汉语提示填空
56. ________(无事可做) and he just sits there absent-minded.
57. There are some citizens ________(站在画廊前).
58. There is a red car ________（停在房子外面）.
59. The genuine captain ________ (承诺回来) to save the sailors trapped on Elephant Island.
60. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and ________（生火）.
61. I would like to___________(表达感谢) for your kindness.
62. ________ (说老实话), I don’t really want to go to the party tonight.
63. The question is ________(怎样拆卸) the machine.
64. ________ (何时装修) the house hasn’t been decided.
65. They didn’t decide ________(在哪里举行) the debate.
66. ________(不吃早餐)often will have a negative effect on your physical and mental health.67. Oscar was crsticised by the head teacher for ________(逃学) yesterday.
68. She stopped________ (与她父亲通信)after the death of her mother.
69. A secretary came in twice a week to________ (处理他的信件).
70. The prisoners continued to________（申明他们无罪）。
71. Use the information to________（填空）on your form.
72. I sincerely hope Tom’s mother will be able ________( 让他洗心革面). Besides, Tom has promised
________(改过自新).
73. The ambitious man is bound to __________________ (取得巨大的成就) in his field in the future.
74. __________________（我发现父亲坐在他的椅子里）, completely absorbed in a magazine.
75. We managed to _____________________ the victim(使……苏醒过来).
76. I'm sorry. I recognise that I have to ________（控制）my temper.
77. I try not ________(焦虑不安) when things go wrong.
78. She decided to resign from the organization rather than ________(屈从于……) the new rules.
79. The committee is due to ________________________(做出决定)this week.
80. You can ________________________(相信我保守) your secret.
81. I’m sorry to have ________________(让你一直等)for such a long time.
82. He was accused of ________________________ (虐待他的妻子)last week.
83. Some of them are also later sold, in order to ________（限制……的数量）ponies according to the rules set
by Natural England.
84. ________(为了表示我们的尊敬), we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.
85. She tried to________（把她的注意力集中于）her work.
86. The president agreed, ________ (补充说) he hoped for a peaceful solution.
87. The government has taken measures to ________(降低)the high prices of daily goods to keep the market
stable.
88. The most important thing to the company is to ________(引入) new equipment.
89. It has enhanced the quality of my life, ________(增强我的健康, 提升我的幸福).
90. ________(改变坏习惯) is never easy, even with many attempts.
91. Just a few days after the signs went up, he ____________________ (发现人们坐在那儿) and engaging in
active and joyful conversations.
92. ________ (也许理解西方艺术的最好的方法) is to look at the development of Western painting over the
centuries.93. _______________________ (为了应对这一危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at
Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
94. The crucial thing is ________(使用肢体语言) in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
95. However, you should avoid ________ (使用这个手势) in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
四、语法填空
1
Luoyang is one of the cities in China ___96___ artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed
like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple ___97___ （build）in the city. This special
spot is not only the hometown of China’s most famous ___98___ （invent）including papermaking, printing and
the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters.
Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow
River in Central China's Henan Province and ___99___ （surround）by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies
___100___ important strategic（战略的）location.
As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid
historical and ___101___ （culture）background. Its long history endows（赋予）it with rich culture, which is
___102___ （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known ___103___ the“City of
Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang ___104___ （appreciate） the beautiful peony. Luoyang is
now an energetic and charming tourist place that _____105_____ （welcome）guests from all over the world to
explore its glorious past.
2
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Seventy-five-year-old Xiao Luying is the vice-captain of a team of volunteers engaged in cleaning floating
trash from the Yangtze River. The team, ___106___ (form) in 2019, is made up of more than 50 local ex-fishermen
aged over 60, ___107___ the average.
“We have lived along the Yangtze River since childhood and want to do our part in protecting it,” said Xiao
from a village of Anhui Province. Sixty-year-old Ma Mingsuo is one of the team, who has fished for over 40 years.
Upon ___108___ (end) his fishing career, this old fisherman turned to apply his sailing experience to protecting the
mother river. “It’s good that my skill can still be used to clean the garbage in the river, ___109___ will also benefit
the future generations,” said Ma.
Each month, this ___110___ (volunteer) team patrols (巡逻) 15 km of waterways three ___111___ (time),collecting trash and preventing people from fishing on the river. The trash collected by them ___112___ (send) to
the garbage disposal station on the shore, while the recyclable waste such as plastic bottles is sold.
In over a year, the team of volunteers has grown from 13 members to over 50. Up to now, they
___113___(clean) over 50 tons of floating waste. “We will continue to protect the Yangtze River until we are
___114___ old to handle the boat, as it’s a career ____115____ (real) deserving our time and energy,” said Xiao.
3
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study shows that ____116____ two countries with the world’s ____117____ (large) populations are
leading the increase in greening on land. The effect comes ____118____ (main) from ambitious tree
____119____ (plant) programs in China and agriculture in both countries.
China alone accounts ____120____ 25% of the global increase in leaf area with only 6.6% of global
vegetated (有植物的) area. The greening in China is from forests (42%) and croplands (32%).
China’s outsized ____121____ (contribute) comes in large part from programs intended ____122____
(protect) and expand forests, in an effort to reduce the effects of soil erosion (侵蚀), air pollution and climate
change.
Taken all together, the greening of the planet represents an increase in leaf area of plants and trees equal to the
area ____123____ is covered by all the Amazon rainforests.
Land area ____124____ (use) to grow crops is comparable in China and India and _____125_____ (change)
very little since the early 2000s. Yet the countries have greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area and
their food production.
4
Scientists have stated the physical and psychological benefits of being in green space. Walking among the
trees ____126____(enhance) your well-being. But there’s more to nature’s gifts ____127____ just the greens of
trees and grass. Blues have benefits too, a new study finds.
Short walks in blue space can have a positive effect ____128____ your well-being and mood, according to
research ____129____(lead) by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal). Blue space includes
beaches, rivers, lakes and other areas featuring water.
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of the Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative at ISGlobal, and his
colleagues conducted many ____130____(study). During a one-week period, adults spent 20 minutes each day
walking on a beach. Then, during a different week, they spent 20 minutes walking along city streets. In____131____ week, they spent 20 minutes just resting indoors. Before, during and after each activity, researchers
asked each participant questions ____132____(assess) their mood and well-being.
“We saw a ____133____(significance) improvement in their well-being and mood immediately after they
went for a walk in blue space,” Nieuwenhuijsen said. “It shows that people’s mood and well-being can
____134____(improve) by walking in blue space. They should _____135_____(frequent) walk in blue or green
space.”
5
A family dinner is an important tradition ___136___ (celebrate) Spring Festival. Nowadays, some people
choose to have the dinner in a restaurant. We ___137___ (eat) out for the Spring Festival family dinner for the last
three years, and we have enjoyed it no less than eating at home. I don’t understand ___138___ some people refuse
to embrace the change.
Can’t they admit that the ___139___ (preparation) for the dinner are hard work? I really don’t think
___140___ is worth the effort of spending so much time preparing for a single meal, and then another hour cleaning
up the mess ___141___ it’s over. We work all year, so why can’t one day be about spending time with family and
___142___ (relax)?
Eating out is a good choice and it has nothing to do with loss of traditions. We still have the dinner with the
same people, just in a different place. The occasion is more ___143___ (enjoy) without all that tiring cooking, and
the dishes taste better!
In my opinion, what or where we eat on Spring Festival Eve really ___144___ (make) no difference. Eating
out may change the form of this tradition, but the love between the family members sitting around the table together
remains ____145____ same.
真题演练
【2022年】
1（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
2（2022 新高考 I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previouslyunprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________
(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
3（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry
ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall)
child.
4（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them.
5（2022 年浙江卷 1 月）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans
____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to
Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views.
A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended
2. （2021年全国甲卷短文改错） ….. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others……...
3. （2021年全国乙卷语法填空） …. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
……
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique
biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim
___70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
4.（2021年1月浙江卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确
形式。
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 32 ． 2. 1 in women and men. In
cities, however, the gain 33 ． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in
the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 34 ． (study)
had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban andrural people in many countries had narrowed 35 ． (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 36 ． (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of
income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 ． (find) and
study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.（2020·新课标I卷）I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
3. （2020·新课标I卷）My mom told me how to preparing it
4. （2020·新课标 II 卷）They represent the earth 63 ． (come) back to life and best wishes for new
beginnings.
5. （2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 ． (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
6. （2020·新课标II卷）They are easy 68 ． (care) for and make great presents.
7. （2020·新课标III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 ． (find) the well-known painter.
8. （2020·新课标 III 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 ．
(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
9.(2020·山东卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and
imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43 ． (walk)through a rainforest.
10. (2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 ．
(change)lives.11. (2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in
dry areas， 63 ． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
12. （2020·江苏卷）Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these
products.
A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with
13．（2020·天津卷)___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954,
inspired the imagination of the world.
A．Having completed B．Being completed
C．Completed D．Completing
14.（2020·天津卷)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________
economic growth.
A．to be promotedB．being promotedC．promotingD．to promote
15．（2020·天津卷)______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】 __________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use
smart phones.
A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
2.【2019·天津卷】____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the
future.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. Learning D. Having learned
3.【2019·江苏卷】China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in
international affairs.A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
4.【2019·天津卷】The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones
in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
5.【2019·新课标I卷】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only
since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.
6.【2019·新课标I卷】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be
congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
7.【2019·新课标II卷】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for
football.
8.【2019·新课标II卷】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's
oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
9.【2019·新课标II卷】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare)
she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
10.【2019·新课标II卷】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was
___a__ joke.
11.【2019·新课标III卷】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help
wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
12.【2019·新课标 III 卷】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a
private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.13.【2019·浙江卷】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
14.【2019·浙江卷】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
15.【2019·北京卷】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two
simple words “Be yourself”.
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
2.【2018·北京】 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal,
admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
3.【2018·北京】Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use C. using D. use
4.【2018·天津】I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t
help_______ it.
A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying
C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying
5.【2018·天津】 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
6.【2018·江苏】Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of
12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. to exceedC. exceeded D. exceeding
7.【2018·新课标 I 卷】You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink,
smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
8.【2018·新课标I卷】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
9.【2018·新课标 II 卷】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn
instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.
10.【2018·新课标III卷】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into
his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
11.【2018·新课标 III 卷】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her
paragraph aloud.
12.【2018·浙江卷】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was
shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【2017年】
1.【2017·天津卷】The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be
treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed
2.【2017·天津】I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.
A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught
3.【2017·江苏卷】 Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new
challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed B. being developed
C. developed D. developing4.【2017·北京卷】Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their
valuable time.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
5.【2017·北京卷】Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.
A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】 ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make
2.【2016·北京】______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order
C. Having ordered D. Ordered
3.【2016·北京】Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.
A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned
4.【2016·江苏】In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message________within the work.
A. to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden
5.【2016·天津】The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making B. to make C. made D. being made
6.【2016·浙江】To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in
Australia in 2012.
A. having conducted B. to be conducted C. conducting D. conducted
7.【2016·浙江】I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.
A. working B. work C. to work D. worked学习评价：
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