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专题 11 阅读理解——备战 2023 年高考英语考试易错题
技巧1 运用规则突破词汇观
1. (2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose
to stay in a hostel ( 旅 社 ). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night,
and for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
21.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel？
A．Comfort. B．Security.
C．Price. D．Location.
【解析】根据题干指向，快速查阅原文，可以定位信息出处。但是pricey这个词并不在课标词
汇范围内，根据构词法并和选项比对，可以判断pricey和选项中的price为同根词。根据同义
转述原则，可以判断出pricey的含义为“价格高的”，因此可以推断出正确选项。
【答案】C
策略一 运用构词法——扩大词汇圈
新课标对构词法提出了明确的要求：了解词汇的词根、词缀，掌握词性变化规律，在语
境中，理解具体词语的功能、词义的内涵和外延，运用构词法，扩充词汇量。所以运用词根
和词缀串联记单词，能够帮助考生迅速扩大词汇圈，有效地理解有关主题的信息和观点。
英语构词法主要有三种：
派生法：一个词根加上前缀或者后缀构成另外一个词。一般来说，词根决定词义，前缀
改变单词的含义，后缀改变单词的词性。
合成法：两个词或更多的词合成一个词。
转化法：一种词性转化成另外一种或几种词性，即常见的熟词生义或旧词新意。
策略二 强化词块意识——构建有效语义网
根据新课标要求，考生除了要更深入地理解和更广泛地应用已学词汇外，还要重点培养
语境中的词块意识。为了提高理解效率，不能单纯依靠单词词义的英汉对应，而是要结合具
体主题、在特定语境下进行综合性的理解，所以要运用有效的语义网，迁移词语运用能力，将内化的语块能力应用到阅读理解中。
1. 猜single-use词义
(2021·全国卷乙阅读 C)Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds
massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to reexamine their relationship to
singleuse plastic products.
2. 猜packed up词义
(2021·全国卷甲阅读 C)When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at
Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the
city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless bluesky days, I felt at a loss and out of
place. Until I made a discovery.
技巧2 一划(二括)“三会意”分析长难句
1.翻译句子
Another institution funded by the National Science Foundation will analyze hundreds of simulations
of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world.
【解析】本句主干是Another institution will analyze aerosol injection；
funded是过去分词作定语修饰institution，意思是资助；
Testing是现在分词作伴随状语，
【答案】另一个由美国国家科学基金会资助的机构将分析数百个气溶胶喷射的模拟，测试其对
世界各地极端天气的影响。
【语法链接】have effect/influence/impact on对...有影响
Her words had a magical effect on us.
她的话对我们有一种魔力般的作用。
The crisis had a negative effect on trade.这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。
一划: 划主干(trunk), 给主谓宾.(S.V.O.)划____.
二括: 给修饰语（介短, 非谓和从句等）加( )。
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，逻辑关系要注意。
1. 翻译句子： The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just
enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.
2. 翻译句子： One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols( 气 溶 胶 ）into the upper layer
of the atmosphere, where those particles reflect sunlight away, from the earth.
技巧3分析语篇结构 攻克说明文
1 . 问题解决型（Problem-Solution Pattern）
①Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow
uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each
week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not
just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and
Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
Para. 1 情境 (situation)
问题 (problem) （+科技背景信息
②HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years,
Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案) . “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence
Gold, a project manager.
③“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other
than‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of
year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at
time. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Para. 2-3 反应/解决 (response/ solution)
④Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.
“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon
says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test
in space.
Para. 4 评价/结果 (evaluation/ result)
(A)1. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? 问题 (problem)
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
(D)2. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? 反应/解决 (response/ solution)
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education
(A)3. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? 反应/解决 (response/ solution)
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
(B)4. What is the best title for the text? 评价/结果 (evaluation/ result)
A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts. B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom. D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform
2. 现象分析型
①California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and
climate change seems to be a major factor. (topic sentence) Para 1 factor/cause② The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000
square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern
coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the
number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75
percent.
Para 2 phenomenon/ situation
③ Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author
of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire
control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
④But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between
2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in
wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
⑤The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The
researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in
comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of
soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
⑥Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising
temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply
available to trees during the dry season.
Para 3-6 factors/causes
(A)27. What is the second paragraph mainly about? phenomenon/ situation
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
(D)28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? factors/causes
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.(C)29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre? factors/causes
A. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
(A)30. What can be a suitable title for the text? topic sentence
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
3. 研究发现型
1 Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills
might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology
suggests. Finding
2 Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers
who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of
tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months
to take the same sorts of tests. Test (subject; method; process)
3 Those who had held mentally stimulating, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best
on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive function at a much slower rate than those with the least
mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’
overall health status. Test (result)
4“This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run,
you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work —
sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.”
5 It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A
waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as
stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level
planning and coordinating, ” sh e says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care
of the bills and groceries.” Analysis
6 Of course, our brain can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other
environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping
your mind busy can only help. Extension (suggestions; methods)
(D)28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests? Test (subject; method; process)
A. To assess their health status.B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality.D. To measure their mental ability.
(B)29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? Analysis
A. By using an expert’s words.B. By making a comparison.C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.
(C)30. Which of the following is the best title for the text? Finding
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
4. 正面论证
①Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing
machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes? 提出论点
②It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real
impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 总体危害
③The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the
Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try
to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing
sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies. 正面论证危害(1）
④ Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the
international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This
has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and
Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps
giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making
more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop
computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more
important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term
costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. 正面论证危害(2）
⑤In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the
technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world".
As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening
today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-
border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results. 正面论证危害(3）
⑥Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the
national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our
fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all
sorts of wrong directions. 呼应论点
(D )61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.总体危害
A. a lack of confidence in technology
B a slow progress in technology
C. a conflict of public opinions
D. a waste of limited resources
(A) 62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.正面论证危害（2）
A. take people's essential needs into account
B. make their programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets financial support
D provide more affordable internet facilities
(B )63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations? 正面论证危害（3）
A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B. Believing that the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic development.
D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
(B) 64. What can we learn from the passage? 呼应论点
A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.
5. 正反论证
①During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowedme to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean
girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and
playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. 铺垫论点
② Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical
psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-
others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are
employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of
power and even dishonorable behavior. 提出论点
③Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those
who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to
engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.” 反面论证
④In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked,
the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked
teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It
clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
反面论证
⑤ Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing,
kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others..
正面论证
⑥In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related
to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for
learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. 正面论证
(C) 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
(A )33.What is the second paragraph mainly about? 提出论点A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
(B) 34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? 正面论证
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
(A )35. What is the best title for the text? 提炼论点
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
基础夯实
阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：
①标志类、指示类的信息。
a.表示并列关系:and;also;coupled with等
b.表示转折关系:but;yet;however;by contrast等
c.表示因果关系:therefor;thereby;consequently;as a result等
d.表示递进关系:in addition to;even;what'more;furthermore等
e.表示重要性的词: prime;above all;first等
以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握
②具有感情色彩显示作者态度的词:blind盲目的(贬)excessively过分的
【题型分析】
1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.2. Where was it that you found your lost pen?
3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.
4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.
5. Outsides were two men.
1.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.
2.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.
3.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a
great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.
4.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic
foods instead.
1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food.
Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of
them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.
2. Doctors have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external
fat.
3. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of
peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）
4. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see
it that way.
5. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes
an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. (unfortunately 不幸地；
fortunately 幸运地)
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who
have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the "pears" have less internal fat,
but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.
1. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of
peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. ...2. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have
contributed to the pollution problem.
3. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are
difficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）
4. …the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave
cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）
5. So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how
short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,…Second, by trying to escape from present
interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves.
模拟演练
1
Students in Washington, D. C. , will return to classrooms this month to begin a new school year. But at least
five percent of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told
two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay.
The school system dismissed seventy-five teachers last year. It was the first year of a new teacher rating
system. Experts say such large numbers of dismissals are rare in American schools. But in Washington the rating
system is not governed by the labor contract (劳务合同) with teachers union. So school officials have more
freedom. The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty
minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores.
Emily Cohen, a policy director, says the National Council supports the IMPACT system She says, “This is an
evaluation method that is finally able to find who is highly effective and who is ineffective.” Michelle Rhee created
the IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled
school system in the nation’s capital.
Some Washington teachers say their rating depend too heavily on test scores. For some teachers, half of their
rating is based on how well their students do. But Emily Cohen says test scores are important. “Testing is probably
one of the-it’s the most objective data that we have on teacher performance. So it’s not just looking at student test
performance, it is using other sources of data.”
Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally effective” last year stayed in the schoolsystem and improved. School officials say these teachers received help to become better.
1. We can infer from paragraph l and 2 that________.
A. there are more than 3000 teachers in Washington, D. C
B. this is the first year that teachers are fired
C. such a large number of dismissals is very common in American schools
D. schools officials in Washington, D. C have more rights to dismiss teachers
2. The teachers’ ratings depend on________.
A. the test scores the students get
B. their relationship with school officials
C. test scores and other sources of data
D. how well their students perform in the class
3. The author’s attitude towards the IMPACT system is________.
A. objective B. positive C. negative D. questioning
4. The best title for the text might be________.
A. New School Year B. The IMPACT System
C. Teachers Are Dismissed D. Students’ Test Scores
2
Good Morning Britain weather girl Laura Tobin left her co-hosts and viewers speechless after she accidentally
tore a rare Superhero poster worth about £150,000 live on air.
To mark the start of comic book and sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con, Laura was tasked with showing
rare magazines and expensive collection. She informed the audience: “We’ve got a very special display here called
The Replicator Man. This was a character back in the 1970s. This is a special poster that is worth about £150,000
and there are only ten of them in the world.” Laura was seen telling viewers at home about the history of the comic
book poster (连环画海报). Handling the image, Laura continued: “No one’s really seen this before.”
She attempted to pick up the picture in order to “get a closer look”. “I’ve got my gloves on but I’m feeling
really nervous because it is said the oils can really spoil them.” As she tried to remove the picture from the display
board, it tore in half and Laura screamed: “Oh my goodness! Is this the original one that’s worth £150.000?”
The set fell silent and the presenters weren’t quite sure how to react after the awkward moment. Fellow Good
Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didn’t know how to react to the “mishap”.
“My heart is going ten to the dozen. Was it the gloves?” Laura cried. Completely unaware of the joke, co-hostRichard Arnold threw his hand to his face and said: “We are making this up, right?” He added: “I’m a bag of nerves
now, Laura.”
Meanwhile, newsreader Ranvir Singh said: “We’ve probably got some insurance that covers this.” While
panicked, Charlotte Hawkins looked around the studio and said: “Can we just glue that back down again? Can we
go to an advertisement?”
Clearly pleased that she had managed to fool her colleagues, Laura finally revealed: “Guys—it was a joke! It’s
not really worth £150,000. It’s worth nothing!” She then took much delight in tearing the rest of the picture into
tiny pieces.
5. Which is the right order of the happening according to the passage?
a. Laura’s colleagues were at a loss b. the poster was completely ruined
c. Laura was blaming the gloves d. Laura tore the poster
A. a-b-d-c B. a-d-b-c C. d-a-c-b D. d-c-a-b
6. It can be inferred that Laura________.
A. organized the start of a sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con
B. felt really nervous so she decided to wear a pair of white gloves
C. had bought some rare memorabilia about the Replicator Man
D. successfully conducted a trick on her colleagues in a program
7. The underlined word “mishap” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by________.
A. accident B. piece C. girl D. program
8. The underlined sentence in Para 5 passes us the message that________.
A. Richard Arnold didn’t want people to recognize him
B. Richard Arnold tried to hide his anxiety
C. Richard Arnold wanted to give himself a good beat
D. Richard Arnold couldn’t help laughing
3
For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional
dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles. The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in
the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment?
The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types of chemicals
used to remove the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car at home, says Katy
Gresh, spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. Sheadvises car owners to put aside a set amount of water for the entire wash. “It’s just like brushing your teeth, ”she
says. “You don’t want to leave the water running or use more than you need for the job.” But even following this
advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into
storm drains.
John Schombert is executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather. His organization works to educate the public
about storm sewers(下水道)and water runoff, keeping this untreated water from entering the Allegheny region’s
waterways. “We ask people to consider washing their cars on lawns or other permeable(透水的)surfaces where the
water gets absorbed, ” Schombert says. “Soil can break down and help filter(过滤)those things,” Schombert says.
“Storm sewers are not made for waste disposal.” Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash their cars, which
Schombert says are probably ineffective at breaking down grease anyway.
The commercial car wash down the street knows full well the rules regarding waste water in storm sewers.
According to the International Carwash Association(ICA), professional car washes must use water reclamation
systems. These mandated processes not only keep the dirty water out of storm sewers and regular water treatment
systems, but they also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.
9. What does the underlined word probably mean in the first paragraph?
A. top B. bottom
C. inside D. outside
10. What worries people when they have their cars washed?
A. The dirt cannot be removed easily.
B. Large quantities of water are wasted.
C. The washing ways do no good to their cars.
D. D The used chemicals are harmless to the environment.
11. What’s the disadvantage of washing cars at home?
A. It is not easy to deal with.
B. It cannot clean the dirt completely.
C. It consumes a larger amount of water.
D. It does much damage to the environment.
12. What can be the best title of the text?
A. Do You Put Car washing at Risk?
B. Which Is Better: Car Wash or DIY?
C. Why Dishwashers Are Better than Hand Washing?D. Do Americans Use Less Water than They Did Years Ago?
4
We are not who we think we are.
The American self-image is spread with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a
land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable—a place where
brains, energy and ambition are what count, not the circumstances of one’s birth.
The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic
fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income
of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: The “rags to riches” story is much more
common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the
very bottom move to the top.
That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom of the study sample, in terms
of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top. Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into
that lowest are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.
It is noted that even in Britain—a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound (守旧的) class system—
children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the studies were released, most reporters
focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning
slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.
One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three
decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-
Americans.
The picture that emerges from all the correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, over all, “the current
generation of adults is better off than the previous one”, as one of the studies notes.
The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their children’s median
family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising ride has not lifted all boats equally. The rich have
seen far greater income gains than the poor.
Even more troubling is that our nation of America as the land of opportunity gets little supper: from the data.
Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is “stickiness at the end”—four
out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out of ten who are born rich will stay rich.13. What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research?
A. Children from low-income families are unable to bootstrap their way to the top.
B. Hollywood actors and actresses are upwardly mobile from rags to riches.
C. The rags to riches story is more fiction than reality.
D. The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites.
14. It can be inferred from the writer that America, as a classless society, should ________.
A. perfect its self-image as a land of opportunity
B. have a higher level of upward mobility than Britain
C. enable African-Americans to have exclusive access to well-paid employment
D. encourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The US is a land where brains, energy and ambition are what count.
B. Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains.
C. Middle-class families earn slightly less with inflation considered.
D. Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder.
16. What might be the best title for this passage?
A. Social Upward Mobility in America B. Incredible Income Gains in America
C. America: Land of Unequal Wealth D. America: Not Land of Opportunity for all
5
One after another telecommunications giants have announced their latest fifth generation (5G) products. They
have also claimed that 5G technology would be used on a massive scale by 2020. Yet, when reporting about 5G,
many domestic media have described it as a"much faster" technology than 4G without mentioning any of its other
advantages. As a result. the common public view about 5G is that they could "download a HD movie within one
second". Beyond that, most people know nothing about 5G.
Actually, 5G technology has many more advantages than 4G apart from speed. According to the criteria of
3GPP, an international standardization organization, 5G technology can be used for at least three purposes—
connecting everything, reliability of connections, and eliminating delays.
“Connecting everything” is an appropriate slogan for 5G technology, without which the Internet of Things
would be impossible. 5G would enable one server to connect to multiple terminals, and thus establish high-speed
coordination among them, and help the chips inside the terminals timely react to meet people’s needs. Takeautonomous vehicles for example, they are mature technology products. Self-driving cars combine a variety of
sensors, such as radar, computer vision, and GPS to identify navigation paths and obstacles. 5G technology will
link all the elements of a transportation system, such as traffic lights, cameras and, of course, cars to establish
perfect coordination so they can avoid obstacles and move on navigation paths, which will help strengthen self-
driving technology.
Reliability of connections is another essential characteristic of 5G technology, whose use can be extended to
other fields where high safety standards are required. For instance, in certain surgeries, surgeons insert nano-robots
inside a patient’s body and have to maintain constant control over the robots to ensure they perform their functions
and do not cause any harm to the patient. This is a technology that can be of great help, as it can establish reliable
and continuous connections between the monitor and the nano-robots.
17. Which of the following can serve as an example of "connecting everything"?
A. Improvement of smart phone signals. B. Decrease in telecommunication cost.
C. High speed in playing computer games. D. Online tests for all members at the same time.
18. Why can 5G be used in the fields with high safety standards?
A. It can attract most eyeballs on a massive scale.
B. It can provide dependable and constant service.
C. It offers massive machine types of communication.
D. It employs 4G base stations and occupies less space.
19. What will the author most probably discuss in the following paragraph?
A. Eliminating delays. B. 5G network capacity
C. Disadvantages of 5G D. Building 5G base stations
20. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. 5G Technology: More than about High Speed
B. 5G Technology Will Shape the Future of Connectivity
C. Telecom Giants Work Together to Better 5G Technology
D. Advantages and Disadvantages of 5G Technology and Products
6
It looked just like another aircraft from the outside. The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in
1964, a Boeing KC-135 refuelling tanker, based on the 707. But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students
from Europe and USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the
invitation of the European Space Agency. The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be
conducted in weightless conditions.
For the next two hours the Boeings flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lost its reason,
shooting upwards towards the heavens before moving down towards Earth. The intention was to achieve
weightlessness for a few seconds.
The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on
anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45-degree
climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut out and we became weightless. Everything became
confused, and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent (下降)
the pilot pulled aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but it was still
sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.
Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its experiment. First it
was the Dutch, who wanted to discover why cats always land on their feet. Then it was the German team, who
conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if it could be used for building a future
space station. The Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.
After two hours of going up and down in the plane doing experiments, the dominant feeling was one of
excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one that would
be keen to repeat.
21. What did the pilot do with the plane?
A. He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.
B. He climbed and then made the plane turn over.
C. He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.
D. He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.
22. What was the point of being weightless?
A. To show the judges of the competition what they could do.
B. To prepare the young scientists for future work in space.
C. To see what conditions are like in space.
D. To allow the teams to try out their ideas.
23. The pronoun “it” (in the last paragraph) refers to ________.A. the excitement B. the trip
C. the opportunity D. the plane
24. The passage is intended to ________.
A. report on a new scientific technique
B. encourage young people to take science
C. show scientists what young people can do
D. describe the outcome of a scientific competition
真题演练
阅读理解说明文、议论文
2022年新高考I卷之B篇
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner
invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had
unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
2022年新高考I卷之C篇
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
2022年新高考I卷之D篇
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-
year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of worldlanguages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
2022年新高考II卷之C篇
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried
a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway TrafficSafety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the
state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to
be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
2022年新高考II卷之D篇
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most
people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start
even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become
dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens tothe heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser,
getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were
otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of
nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-
intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second
group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And
the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot
more blood during exercise. ” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he
says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has
flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing
happened to them at all. ”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great
start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which
aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
12. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
13. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
14. What does Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.2022年1月浙江卷之B篇
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has
long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world.
Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a
century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords
they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New
York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon
became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long
narrative into an interesting one.
4. What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A. It is closely linked to the steam age.
B. It began earlier than proper thought.
C. It is a little-studied period of history.
D. It will come to an end sooner or later.
5. What can be inferred about Ned?
A. He was born in New York City. B. He wrote many increasing stories,
C. He created an electricity company. D. He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6. What is the text?A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report.
2022年1月浙江卷之C篇
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to
develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are
exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管 的）fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to
measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103
watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were
in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80
watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other
cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of
the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent
of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only
shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of
dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a
relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be
applicable to other groups.
7. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. Positive effects of doing exercises.
B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies on diseases.
D. Advantages of sporty woman over man8. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A. To predict their maximum heart rate.
B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C. To change their habits of working out
D. To detect their potential health problems
9. What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B. Data collection was a lengthy process.
C. Some participants withdrew from it.
D. The results were far from satisfactory.
10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
2021年新高考I卷之C篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensuresthis land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
2021年新高考I卷之D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot
be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far
beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
2021年新高考II卷之D篇
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could
bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor
shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are
aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors
to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags
(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring
the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their
cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the
monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But
Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to usetechnology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his
first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that
an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma
Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend
to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
12. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
13. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
14. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
15. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
2021年1月浙江卷之B篇
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life
today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the
mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid
being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15
per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents
working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods
with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and
talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed
by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's
day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental
opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-accompanied
walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little
planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot
ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
41．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph?
A．To make comparisons. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument. D．To provide examples.
42．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?
A．Plain laziness. B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time. D．Security concerns.
43．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?
A．She can get relaxed after work. B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study. D．She can know her son better.
2021年1月浙江卷之C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to
communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more
than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like humanlanguage in that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps
on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species
(物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
44．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
45．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
46．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
47．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated2021年6月浙江卷之C篇
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto
something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new
study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either
a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the
person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by
showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The
researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses
more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during
training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures
based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that
the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies
to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human
facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial
expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with
humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them
with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
8. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other
9. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. A suggestion for future studies. B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study D. An explanation of the research method.
2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之B篇
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s
A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating
(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the
Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save
Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt
B. Reward.
.
C Allowance.
D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry.
B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious.
D. He teaches reading.
2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之C篇
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to
fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers
moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately
twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000
or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do
not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon
among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people
with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race
walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takessome practice.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach.
D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之D篇
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have
found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the
city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces
were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the
actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things
that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth
of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the
rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a
one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂
switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed
from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of
energy is lost during transmission(传输).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water
B. To change compositions of plants
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?2020年新课标ⅠI卷之B篇
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help
children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of
Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play
was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income,
education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and
found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at
54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the
study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more
frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play
with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more
active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.
C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship.
26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles more often.
B. They tend to talk less during the game.
C. They prefer to use more spatial language.
D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologist D. A teaching program.
2020年新课标ⅠI卷之C篇
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that
they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in
New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria
fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it
is eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
2020年新课标ⅠI卷之D篇
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an
enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while
other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did
everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had
several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go
to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It
was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library
lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when
they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that
helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think
all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share
library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
34. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library
2020年新课标ⅠII卷之D篇
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and
northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the
Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱)
in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii
researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the
Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the
task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo.She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection.
33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World’s Best Divers
2020年山东卷之D篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of
our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
,
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly
more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of hiseating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
2020年6月浙江卷之A篇
I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing
my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I
think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and
action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to
point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of
reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of
types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the
versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.
Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton
Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the
theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.
To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the
audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialoguewill tell you the story.
21. What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?
A. He has written dozens of plays. B. He has a deep love for the theater.
C. He is a professional stage actor. D. He likes reading short plays to others.
22. What does the author avoid doing in his work?
A. Stating the plays’ central ideas. B. Selecting works by famous playwrights.
.
C Including various types of plays. D. Offering information on the playwrights.
23. What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?
A. Control their feelings. B. Apply their acting skills.
C. Use their imagination. D. Keep their audience in mind.
24. What is this text?
A. A short story. B. An introduction to a book.
.
C A play review. D. An advertisement for a theater.
2020年6月浙江卷之B篇
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it
down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known
as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly
beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller
cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the BellevueTransportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.
26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A. They work better on broad roads.
B. They should be used in other cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27. What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.
C. I pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.
2020年6月浙江卷之C篇
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help
your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may
feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired,
but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job,
for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-
level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she
says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmentalinfluences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only
help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?
A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability.
29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison.
C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
2020年1月浙江卷之B篇
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free – by spreading on them cheese
brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheese, like mozzarella.
Wisconsin, also called "America's Dairyland," is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds
of cheese last year! a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. Disposing of(处置)the brine can be expensive.
So what should cheese makers do with the waste?
Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers waters' freezing point, causing ice to melt(融
化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.
Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more environment-friendly option. Many people
suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the sane con-pound (化合物)in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless,
right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million
tons of salt on U.S. Roads every year!
The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants. and
eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut
its rock salt use by 30 percent.Cheese brine has a downside too – a shell similar to that of bad milk. "I don't really mind it," Emil Norby told
Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin's county highway commissions and came up with the
idea of using cheese brine. "Our roads smell like Wisconsin!" he said.
24. Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free?
A. It is soft. B. It contains salt. C. It is warm. D. It has milk in it.
25. What is a benefit of using cheese urine on roads?
A. Improving air quality. B. Increasing sales of rock salt.
C. Reducing water pollution. D. Saving the cheese industry.
26. Milwaukee's new way to de-ice streets may be an example of_______________.
A. barking up the wrong tree B. putting the cart before the horse
C. robbing Peter to pay Paul D. killing two birds with one stone
2020年1月浙江卷之C篇
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a
characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University
discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American
families over several years. And over time，the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in
school.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers，"Padilla-Walker said. "This research
also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an "authoritative" parenting style. Authoritative parenting is
not authoritarian:rigid，demanding or controlling. Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the
following characteristics:children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind
rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).
In the study，about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key
finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop
persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that
single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.27. What is special about the BYU professors' study?
A. It centered on fathers' role in parenting.
B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D. It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them.
C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them.
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A. Single parents.
B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers.
D. Mothers in two-parent homes.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers.
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future.
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father.
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance.
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