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专题 01 名词、主谓一致和冠词
技巧1 根据修饰语判断名词单复数
1. A cashier who has a changing sea of __________ (customer) every day will only remember names for
a short amount of time.
【试题解析】因a sea of (许多；大量) 后的可数名词要用复数形式，所以customer要用复数。
【参考答案】customers
名词前有these、those、several、many、all、both、a pair of、a variety of、different、one
of、among或数词等修饰时用名词复数形式。
1. The festival is viewed as the end to a series of New Year ______________(celebration) and is celebrated
with the release of floating and flying lanterns.
【解析】前有a series of(一系列)修饰，故用名词的复数形式。
【答案】celebrations
2. Alipay achieved this remarkable success by motivating its users to choose from various low-carbon
_________ (option) in their daily lives…
【解析】前有various修饰，要用名词的复数形式。
【答案】options
技巧2 根据主谓一致判断名词单复数3. However, safety __________ (problem) arise.
【解析】由谓语动词arise可知，主语是复数。
【答案】problems
1. Second, there exist idiomatic _________ (method) of saying something specific in Chinese but it is
extremely hard for us to put it into English properly.
【解析】因there exist 是there be的变体，而exist是复数，根据主谓一致原则，可知method (方法) 也
用复数。
【答案】methods
2. ________ (study) have shown that low levels of those chemicals might have the same effects as BPA.
【解析】由谓语have shown可知主语是复数。
【答案】Studies
技巧3 根据上下文判断
1 . Later, _______ (letter) appeared. However, it would take them days or even weeks to reach their
destinations.
【解析】由下文的them可知，此处用名词的复数形式。
【答案】letters
1. Beijing’s autumn is extremely short, so parks around the city fill up fast with people coming to see the
season’s sight—a show of changing ________ (colour) as the trees turn from dark green to deep red.
【解析】由空后“树木从深绿色变成深红色”可知，colour要用复数。
【答案】colours
2.To many Chinese, playing traditional Chinese musical ____________(instrument), such as the guzheng
or erhu, may seem a bit old-fashioned.
【解析】由空后such as所举的例子或常识可知，中国传统乐器不止一种，故用复数形式。【答案】instruments
技巧4 根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式
1. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human
settlements, leading to a_________（believe） that populations are increasing.
【解析】思路点拨 根据句子成分判断词性。 设空处作leading to的宾语,且前面有不定冠词a修饰,应该用
其名词形式。
【答案】belief
2 No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various____________（activity）on Earth Day.
【解析】思路点拨 根据限定词确定名词的数。根据设空处前的various可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。
【答案】activities
1.The eight-week course offers _______________ (participant) the basics of cutting food waste, using water
more efficiently, cutting down on greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, and becoming better
informed about recycling.
【解析】可数名词participant前无冠词和人称代词，应用复数形式，表示泛指。
【答案】participants
2. And one of his songs, Let the World Be Filled with Love, has enjoyed great popularity all over the
country for _________ (decade).
【解析】因for decades (几十年来) 是固定词组，类似的还有for years (多年来)。其实，也可以根据可数
名词前没有限定词要用复数表示泛指的规则进行判断。
【答案】decades
基础夯实
常见名词后缀名词后缀：动词变名词
-al approve→approval arrive→arrival
-ance/-ence appear→appearance exist→existence
-tion/-ation compete→competition
explain→explanation
-（ss）ion discuss→discussion admit→admission
-ment achieve→achievement
argue→argument
-ure/-ture press→pressure mix→mixture
-y recover→recovery
discover→discovery
其他 choose→choice vary→variety
名词后缀：形容词变名词
-age short→shortage
-cy efficient→efficiency fluent→fluency
-dom free→freedom wise→wisdom
-ce different→difference silent→silence
-ness weak→weakness
careless→carelessness
-th warm→warmth
-ty/-ity safe→safety disable→disability
模拟演练
Shanghai is a window into China that is open to the world. Shanghai is the place where East meets West, 1
where China meets the world. Shanghai culture is amazing, and the city is filled with smart people, dynamic
interactions, a 2 （willing） to move and an appetite for being modern while embracing diversity and
creating 3 business-friendly environment. Shanghai is a people-centric city. I stayed in Shanghai during the
pandemic and now my perception of the city 4 （change） as I experienced a city that cares about its
citizens regardless of their nationality and origin. I felt 5 （protect） and safe during the crisis. I was very
touched when Shanghai set up a hotline for foreigners to help 6 （they） during the crisis.
Shanghai is a big city in the world. While it is 7 （deep） rooted in Chinese culture, Shanghai has also
moved 8 the times and become a modern metropolis. From doing sports and running on Bund to traditional
Chinese art or modern Western art museums, every activity is feasible in Shanghai. 9 I like the most are the
traditional wet markets, restaurants 10 （offer） various dishes and the numerous cultural activities.
1. and
[解析]考查连词。句意：上海是东西方交汇的地方，也是中国与世界交汇的地方。where East meets West和
where China meets the world为并列的定语从句，修饰先行词place，故用并列连词and。
2. willingness[解析]考查名词。句意：上海的文化令人惊叹，这座城市充满了聪明的人，充满活力的互动，人们愿意迁
移，渴望现代化，同时包容多样性并创造一个友好的商业环境。根据空前的 a可知，空处填名词，表示
“意愿”。故填willingness。
3. a
[解析]考查冠词。此处表示“一个友好的商业环境”，所以用不定冠词。故填a。
4. has changed
[解析]考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：疫情期间我住在上海，现在我对这个城市的看法已经改变了，
因为我感受到了它是一个关心市民的城市，不管他们的国籍和出身如何。表示“改变”这一动作的结果对
现在的影响，故用现在完成时。主语perception为单数，故填has changed。
5. protected
[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：在危机期间，我感到受到保护和安全。动词protect与句子主语I构成被动
关系，应使用过去分词作感官动词feel的表语，表示主语的状态。故填protected。
6. them
[解析]考查代词。句意：当上海为外国人开通热线帮助他们渡过危机时，我非常感动。动词help后面要用
人称代词的宾格作宾语。故填them。
7. deeply
[解析]考查副词。句意：在深深扎根于中国文化的同时，上海也与时俱进，成为一座现代化的大都市。修
饰动词短语be rooted in要用副词。故填deeply。
8. with
[解析]考查介词。短语move with the times表示“顺应时代，顺应潮流”。
9. What
[解析]考查名词性从句。句意：我最喜欢的是传统的市场、提供各种各样菜肴的餐馆和众多的文化活动。
分析句子结构可知， 9 I like the most为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“什么”，因此用what引导，
句首首字母需大写。故填What。
10. offering
[解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰restaurants,且两者之间是主动
关系，所以用现在分词。故填offering。
真题演练1.（2022 新高考 I 卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________
(population)and homes of giant pandas,
【答案】populations
【解析】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的
野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种
群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
2. （2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
【答案】son’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，
故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
3．（2021·天津卷）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical
science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B.
advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health
have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
4. (2021·新高考I卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding
Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you
see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
【答案】57. humans
【解析】57 .考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么
的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
…….
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s
memory. It sure does in mine .While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】65.a
【解析】65.考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为
“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
5.（2021年全国甲卷）
We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took
us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but
we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people
going about their daily routines.
【答案】
48. the
49. watchtowers
【解析】
【48题】考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可
知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
【49题】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来
拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词
watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
6.（2020·新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a
lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应
填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
7. （2020·江苏卷）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；
B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems
可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
8.（2020·山东卷）Historical 44 ． (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical
之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
9.【2019·江苏卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优
先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选
A。
10.【2019·天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in
many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈
的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”；
judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
11.【2019·新课标I卷】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six
are (be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
12.【2019·新课标I卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
but
a and
【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在
football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到
我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
13.【2019·浙江卷】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与
the连用修饰名词。故填the。
14. 【2018·新课标卷I】During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my
grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
【解析】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是
乡下，故加定冠词the。
15. 【2018·浙江卷】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten
outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
16. 【2017·新课标卷I】As 65 result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something
missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示＂结果＂。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失
的东西。故填a。
17.【2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time ，as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
【答案】C
【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition条件；income收入；credit
学分，信用（卡）；status地位。根据句意故选C。
18.【2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可
能性。故选D。
19.【2016·浙江】______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The ； 不填 B. A ； 不填 C. A ； the D. The ； a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指“获胜者
的奖品”，用定冠词，第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选A。
20.【2016·江苏】— Can you tell us your________for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full，definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条。
根据句意可知A项＂秘诀＂符合题意。
21.(2015﹒湖北) When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.
A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place
【答案】A
【解析】句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，重重的摔了一跤。A项“平衡”；B项“机会”；C项“记忆”；
D项“地方”。Lose one’s balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。
22.(2015﹒湖北)He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项
“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。
23.(2015﹒安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority
【答案】A
【解析】句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D
权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。
24.(2015﹒江苏)Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
【答案】B
【解析】句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项
“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。
25.(2015﹒陕西) more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.
A. The ； the B. A； a C. The ； a D. A； the
【答案】A
【解析】句意：一个人越有学识，他就越可能谦虚，使用the＋比较级＋主谓的句型，所以选A。
26.(2015﹒四川).Brian is gifted in writing music； he is very likely to be Beethoven.
A. a B. an C. the D.不填
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像…那样的人。故选择 A，句意为：
Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。27.(2015﹒浙江) Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing
or another always got in way.
A. a；不填 B. the；the C. 不填；the D. a；the
【答案】D
【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第
一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固
定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。
28.(2015﹒重庆) I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask.
A. the； / B. a； / C. the； a D. a； the
【答案】C
【解析】句意为我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个戴面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工
作的那家银行，可表示特指，用the；第二空表示一个戴面具的持枪人表示泛指，用a。
29.(2014﹒安徽)—Why not buy a secondhand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
—That's a good________．
A．saying B．question C．suggestion D．account
【答案】C
【解析】saying谚语，格言，名言；question问题，议题；suggestion建议；account账目，账户。
“Why not do sth？”表示建议做某事。句意：“如果你的钱不够买一辆新车，何不先买辆二手车？”“好
建议！”故选C。
30.(2014﹒江苏)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's
election.
A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statue
【答案】A
【解析】句意：虽然2年前就已遭软禁，但她在去年的选举中仍然是有影响力的象征。symbol象征，
标志；portrait肖像，描写； identity身份，同一性； statue雕像，塑像。根据语境可知A项正确。
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