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专题 09 情态动词和虚拟语气——备战 2023 年高考英语考试
易错题
【导入】
情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”
注意一：若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填
入恰当的情态动词。
注意二：一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟
语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的if虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。
技巧1 意义和语气判断法
1. (浙江卷)George ____________(not go) too far. His coffee is still warm.
[分析] can't/couldn't have gone 由下文的“His coffee is still warm.”可以看出，乔治应该是
刚离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，故填 can't/couldn't
have gone。
【答案】 can't/couldn't have gone
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词
的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在
解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定
所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。
1. Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should2. You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't
技巧2时间判断法
1. (天津卷)I wish I ____________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business
trip in New York then.
【解析】句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的
but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语 last Tuesday可知，动
作发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构，故填
had been。
【答案】had been
虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时
间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。
1. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
2. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.
基础夯实考点01 情态动词的基本用法
1） can，could与be able to
1．表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。
2）may与might
1．表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t，表示＂不可以＂＂禁止
＂＂阻止＂之意。
2．＂may/might as well＋动词原形＂意为＂最好，倒不如＂，may/ might well＋动词原形，意为＂很可能＂。
3） must与need
1．must用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。 need＂需要，有必
要 ＂，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
2. need也可用作行为动词，＂需要, 有必要＂，可以用于各种句式中。
【巧学妙记】
need的用法助记口诀
实义动词表＂需要＂，后接名、代、不定式。
need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。
情态动词表＂需要＂，没有人称、数之变。
其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。
【易混辨析】
dare和need
1. dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。
2. need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to
3. dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。
在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
4) will与would
1．表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。
2．will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。
3．will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有＂总是＂或＂总要＂之意。
5) shall，should与ought to
1．shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
2．shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3．should表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。
4．ought to表示应该。
5．shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的＂应该＂。
考点02 情态动词表推测的用法
1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为＂有时会＂；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为＂可能＂，
有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can’t意为＂不可能＂，语气很强烈。
2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为＂有可能＂；用于否定句中也可以表示
推测，may not意为＂可能不＂，表示一种不太确定的语气。
3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为＂一定，必定＂，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句
中要用can/could)。
4．should用来表示推测时意为＂应该＂，即含有＂按道理来说应当如此＂的意思。
考点03 ＂情态动词＋have done＂的用法
情态动词＋have done 用法
must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done
(1)本来能够做但却未做
can/could have done
(2)可能做过某事
can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事
may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事
should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t have done 做了本没有必要做的事情
1.＂must have done＂
表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
2.＂can’t have done＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
3.＂can have done＂
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
4.＂could have done＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
5.＂may have done＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。6.＂might have done＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
7.＂would have done＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
8.＂should have done＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际
做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
9.＂ought to have done＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂should have done＂用法
基本一样。
10.＂need have done＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have done＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
考点04 if条件句中的虚拟语气
1）if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件
从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
从句
表示现 动词过去式(be 的过去式用 should/would/could/might ＋ 动
在情况 were) 词原形
表示过 should/would/could/might ＋
had＋过去分词
去情况 have＋过去分词
should＋动词原形
表示将 should/would/could/might ＋ 动
动词过去式
来情况 词原形
were to＋动词原形
2）错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词
的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
3）省略if的倒装句
在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。
4）含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中。
（1）用but for 、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句。
（2）用otherwise、or(or else)、even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。（3）虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。
考点05 从句中的虚拟语气
1）．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中
常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，
prefer，desire，recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。
【特别提醒】
★ suggest表＂暗示＂，insist表＂坚持认为＂时不用虚拟语气。
2）．用于主语从句中
常见句型：It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/ ... + that...
It is sb’s order/desire/suggestion/advice/ ... + that...
It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/ ... + that
从句谓语形式：（should+）动词原形
3）．用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟
语气，其构成是＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。
4）．wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式（be一律用were。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might +动词原形。
5）．would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为＂宁愿；但愿＂。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事
实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
6）．在＂It is (about/high) time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂should＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。
7）．as if，as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与
过去事实相反用过去完成时。
8）．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1.Poor Mr. Perkins had to wait patiently until his car was the only one that ______ in the parking lot.
A. left B. would leave C. was left D. had been left
2.I __________ to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.
A. had intended B. has intended C. intended D. has been intended
3. I hate to say this but you need to stop doing things like this because they __________ me all the time.
A. disturb B. have disturbed C. disturbed D. are disturbing
4.Charlie's wheelchair ______ out of power. He drove it into my office and looked for a place to charge it.
A. run B. have run C. had run D. was running
5.— You really did a good job,Robert!
— I was just doing my job and anyone in my position___________the same like me.
A. might do B. could do C. should have done D. would have done
6.They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
7. If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put
C. should be put D. would be put
8.I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I __________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
9.If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
10.If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
11._______not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
12.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
13.I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
14.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
Ⅱ、单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误, 请标出并改正。
（一）
1.1f my brother was here，everything would be all right.
2. If he hadn’t been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now.
3. Therefore we strongly suggested that similar events are held every year. bad la
4. The answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily after the deadline.
5. We must found ways to protect our environment
6. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they must just be quiet people.
7. ---It’s the office! So you may know eating is not allowed here.
--Oh, sorry.
8. If you made better use of your time, you might have learned more.
9. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam was at the age of six months old.
10. It mustn’ t be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
（二）
1.I’d rather you saw the film yesterday.
2.It is time that I go to pick up my daughter at school.
3.I wish I knew the truth of the matter.
4.If you listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.5.You could do better，but you didn’t try your best.
6.If we took the other road，we might have arrived earlier.
7.He suggested that we took the teacher’s advice.
8.If he had been studying hard，he would work in the office now.
9.But for the rain，we should have a pleasant journey.
10.If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture.
Ⅲ、语法填空
1.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 ．
(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67 ．
(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 ． (construct) .＂
3.The parts of a museum open to the public 40 ． (call) galleries or rooms.
Ⅳ、短文填空
（一）
Miss Fang couldn’t read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she __1__go to the
Health Service and see a doctor.＂You should see a doctor as soon as possible，＂ she said.＂You __2__need
glasses.＂
When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor
__3__see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.＂The doctor
__4__take you at about ten to four，＂ the appointment clerk suggested.
＂__5__I put you down for ten to four，or would you rather come tomorrow？＂
Miss Fang thought she __6__(not) waste any more time. The teacher shouldn’t be unhappy if she asked for
permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied, ＂I think I
__7__make it at ten to four.＂
Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, ＂__8__I leave at 3：45 today？I __9__have an eye
examination.＂ As expected, the teacher said, ＂Yes, of course you __10__.＂真题演练
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now
there are houses and people everywhere.
A．need B．should C．could D．must
【2020年】
1.（2020·天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
2.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
2.【2019·天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the
time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【2018年】
1.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
2.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become
more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
3.【2018·天津】I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
4.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for acompany.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
5.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
6.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【2017年】
1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
2.【2017·北京卷】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
3.【2017·江苏卷】_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
4.【2017·天津卷】My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the
morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
5.【2017·天津卷】 —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
2.【2016·北京】Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have
helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
3.【2016·江苏】If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A.had not been B.should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
4.【2016·天津】It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t5.【2016·天津】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
6.【2016·浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______
since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
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