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专题 09 情态动词(虚拟语气)
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，
should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几
点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；尤其要注意＂
情态动词+完成式＂是高考中的重点所在。
对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚
拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表示委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以
及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。
复习建议
情态动词：
1. 掌握情态动词的基本用法；
2. 掌握情态动词表达＂情感、态度、语气等＂方面的用法。
虚拟语气：
1
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司1. 掌握虚拟语气的基本用法；
2. 掌握含蓄虚拟条件句的用法；
3. 掌握主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句的用法；
考点导航
考点01 情态动词的基本用法
1） can，could与be able to
1．表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。
2）may与might
1．表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t，表示＂
不可以＂＂禁止＂＂阻止＂之意。
2．＂may/might as well＋动词原形＂意为＂最好，倒不如＂，may/ might well＋动词原形，
意为＂很可能＂。
3） must与need
1．must用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。
need＂需要，有必要 ＂，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
2. need也可用作行为动词，＂需要, 有必要＂，可以用于各种句式中。
【巧学妙记】
need的用法助记口诀
实义动词表＂需要＂，后接名、代、不定式。
need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。
情态动词表＂需要＂，没有人称、数之变。
其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。
【易混辨析】
dare和need
1. dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。
2. need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought
to
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司3. dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带
to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只
能接带to的不定式。
4) will与would
1．表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。
2．will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。
3．will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有＂总是＂或＂总要＂之意。
5) shall，should与ought to
1．shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
2．shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
3．should表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。
4．ought to表示应该。
5．shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的＂应该＂。
考点02 情态动词表推测的用法
1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为＂有时会＂；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，
意为＂可能＂，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can’t意为＂不
可能＂，语气很强烈。
2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为＂有可能＂；用于否定
句中也可以表示推测，may not意为＂可能不＂，表示一种不太确定的语气。
3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为＂一定，必定＂，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑
问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。
4．should用来表示推测时意为＂应该＂，即含有＂按道理来说应当如此＂的意思。
考点03 ＂情态动词＋have done＂的用法
情态动词＋have done 用法
must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done
(1)本来能够做但却未做
can/could have done
(2)可能做过某事
can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事
may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事
should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司needn’t have done 做了本没有必要做的事情
1.＂must have done＂
表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
2.＂can’t have done＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
3.＂can have done＂
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
4.＂could have done＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太
粗心。
5.＂may have done＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。
6.＂might have done＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结
构中。
7.＂would have done＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
8.＂should have done＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该
做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
9.＂ought to have done＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂should
have done＂用法基本一样。
10.＂need have done＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have done＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事
而实际做了＂
考点04 if条件句中的虚拟语气
1）if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司从句
表示现 动词过去式(be 的过去式用 should/would/could/might ＋ 动
在情况 were) 词原形
表示过 should/would/could/might ＋
had＋过去分词
去情况 have＋过去分词
should＋动词原形
表示将 should/would/could/might ＋ 动
动词过去式
来情况 词原形
were to＋动词原形
2）错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间
条件句＂，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
3）省略if的倒装句
在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。
4）含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中。
（1）用but for 、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句。
（2）用otherwise、or(or else)、even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。
（3）虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。
考点05 从句中的虚拟语气
1）．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中
常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，
urge，command，prefer，desire，recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为＂should＋
动词原形＂，should可以省略。
【特别提醒】
★ suggest表＂暗示＂，insist表＂坚持认为＂时不用虚拟语气。
2）．用于主语从句中
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司常见句型：It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/ ... + that...
It is sb’s order/desire/suggestion/advice/ ... + that...
It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/ ... + that
从句谓语形式：（should+）动词原形
3）．用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语
从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。
4）．wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式（be一律用were。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might +动词原形。
5）．would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为＂宁愿；但愿＂。用一般过去时表示
与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
6）．在＂It is (about/high) time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂should＋动词原
形＂表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。
7）．as if，as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用
一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
8）．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
【题型分析】
1.Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
2. You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司3.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
4. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
5.There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become
more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
1. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2.As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to
them, my parents would not to let me.
3.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
4.I like eating tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
5.Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of
practice.
6.The artist was sure he would 63 ． (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the
emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司1. 65 （ When/As) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the
legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 ． (point) down the river.
2.And，as more children were born，more food 59 ． (need).
3.By about 6000 BC，people 61 ． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
4.New methods 65 ． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
5.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 ． (form) the core
collection of the British Museum 39 （ which/that) opened in 1759.
检测训练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1.Poor Mr. Perkins had to wait patiently until his car was the only one that ______ in the parking
lot.
A. left B. would leave C. was left D. had been left
2.I __________ to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on
your exercises.
A. had intended B. has intended C. intended D. has been intended
3. I hate to say this but you need to stop doing things like this because they __________ me all
the time.
A. disturb B. have disturbed C. disturbed D. are disturbing
4.Charlie's wheelchair ______ out of power. He drove it into my office and looked for a place to
charge it.
A. run B. have run C. had run D. was running
5.— You really did a good job,Robert!
— I was just doing my job and anyone in my position___________the same like me.
A. might do B. could do C. should have done D. would have done
6.They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司7. If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put
C. should be put D. would be put
8.I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I __________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
9.If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
10.If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
11._______not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
12.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
13.I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
14.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
Ⅱ、单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误, 请标出并改正。
（一）
1.1f my brother was here，everything would be all right.
2. If he hadn’t been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now.
3. Therefore we strongly suggested that similar events are held every year. bad la
4. The answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily after the deadline.
5. We must found ways to protect our environment
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司6. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they must just be quiet
people.
7. ---It’s the office! So you may know eating is not allowed here.
--Oh, sorry.
8. If you made better use of your time, you might have learned more.
9. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam was at the age of six months old.
10. It mustn’ t be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a
lot of words.
（二）
1.I’d rather you saw the film yesterday.
2.It is time that I go to pick up my daughter at school.
3.I wish I knew the truth of the matter.
4.If you listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.
5.You could do better，but you didn’t try your best.
6.If we took the other road，we might have arrived earlier.
7.He suggested that we took the teacher’s advice.
8.If he had been studying hard，he would work in the office now.
9.But for the rain，we should have a pleasant journey.
10.If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture.
Ⅲ、语法填空
1.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon
goddess 61 ． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂
because it 67 ． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 ．
(construct) .＂
3.The parts of a museum open to the public 40 ． (call) galleries or rooms.
Ⅳ、短文填空
（一）
Miss Fang couldn’t read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that
she __1__go to the Health Service and see a doctor.＂You should see a doctor as soon as
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司possible，＂ she said.＂You __2__need glasses.＂
When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said
that the doctor __3__see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class
then.＂The doctor __4__take you at about ten to four，＂ the appointment clerk suggested.
＂__5__I put you down for ten to four，or would you rather come tomorrow？＂
Miss Fang thought she __6__(not) waste any more time. The teacher shouldn’t be unhappy if she
asked for permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And
she replied, ＂I think I __7__make it at ten to four.＂
Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, ＂__8__I leave at 3：45 today？I
__9__have an eye examination.＂ As expected, the teacher said, ＂Yes, of course you __10__.＂
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