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专题 03 情态动词和虚拟语气
（原卷版）
三年真题
1. 【2021·天津】It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now
there are houses and people everywhere.
A．need B．should C．could D．must
2. 【2021·天津】---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You ________ a better impression than you think.
A．may have made
B．should have made
C．couldn't have made
D．needn't have made
3. 【2020·全国 III 卷】The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his
masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to
the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
4. 【2020·天津】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done
his best.
A．must B．should C．mustn't D．shouldn't
5. 【2020·天津】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A．must B．can C．need D．should
6. 【2020·江苏】If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A．won't be B．wouldn't have beenC．wouldn't be D．shouldn't have been
7. 【2020·浙江】However, greater attention should (place)on longevity(长寿).
考频统计
在2020-2022年三年高考真题中，情态动词和虚拟语气的考查频率统计如下：
考点 考频 出处
情态动词 6次 【2021·天津】【2020·全国III卷】【2020·天津】【2020·浙江】
虚拟语气 1次 【2020·江苏】考点清单
一、情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对动作的看法或态度，接动词原形构成谓语。常见的情态动词有: can,could, may,
might, must, heed, have to. should, aught 10, dare, will, shall, would,should等。
1) 表示推测、请求、允许、命令要求等意义的情态动词用法比较
推测 请求 （不）允许 必须（禁止）/ 要求
can 否定式/疑问式 例3 较多用 例5 较多用 例10 11
may 否定式/疑问式 例1 更正式 例5 更正式 例12 13
must 肯定式 例2 务必（语气强）例 14
15
will 第二人称 例6-8 第二人称:命令/要求 例16
shall 第一、三人称 例9 第二、三人称:威胁/命
令/要求/许诺 例17 18
should 有可能，应该 例4 应该（语气弱）例 19
20
1. He may have gone abroad.他可能已经出国了。
2. He must have gone abroad. 他一定是出国了。
3. Can it be Jack? 能是杰克吗?
--No, it cant be him--he has gone abroad. 不可能，他已出国了。
4. The film should be good, as its leading actors are world famous.电影应该不错，主演都是名角。
5. Can/May I borrow your phone?我能用你的电话吗?
6. Will you dine with me tomorrow, Lewis? 刘易斯，明天和我一一起吃饭好吗?
7. You'll forgive me, won't you?原谅我,好吗?
8. Will you help me to work it out?你能帮我解决这事吗?
9. Shall I tum on the light, Mum?我能开灯吗，妈妈?
10. You can wear jeans at home.你在家可以穿牛仔裤。
11. You can't wear jeans at work.工作时不能穿牛仔裤。
12. Students may use the college car park on Sundays.学生星期天可以用学院停车场。
13. Students may not use the college car park on weekdays.学生工作日禁止用学院停车场。
14. You must finish your work today.你今天必须完成工作。
15. Must I return the book tomorrow? No, you needn't.我一定要今天还书吗?不必。
16 You'll do it this minute!你得马上做。
17. You shall not stay under my roof! 你不能在我这住。18. Each competitor shall wear a number.每台微机都要有个号。
19. He should do some work, but he doesn't want to.他应该做点事,但他不想做。
20. Should I open the door? 我能打开门吗?
2) “情态动词+have done”的用法
情态动词+have done 用法 例句
must have done 想必/准是/一定做了 It must have rained last night, for the road is quite
muddy.
can/could have done 本来能够做； Can he have gone to his aunt’s?
过去可能会做
cannot/could not have 过去不可能做； He cannot have forgotten it.
done
过去没能够做
may/ might have done 或许做了 It's too late.I think he may have gone to bed.
should/ought to have 本该做而实际上未做 You ought to have done this exercise more
done carefully.
should not have done 本不该做而做了 You shouldn't have told her the truth.
ought not to have
done
needn't have done 本不必做而做了 You needn't have taken a taxi here,for it is very
near to your house.
had better have done 当时最好做了 You had better not have scolded her.
would rather have 宁愿当时做了 I raised objections at the meeting ， but now I
done would rather not have done that.
二、虚拟语气
1. if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
if从句 主句 例句
would/might/could/ If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t
与过去事实相反 had done
should+have done have failed.
与现在事实相反 did/were If I were you, I would seize the chance.
would/might/could/
did/were
should+do
If he shouldn’t come tomorrow, we would
与将来事实相反 should do
put off the meeting.
were to do
使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：
a. 当从句表示的行为和主语表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，叫做“错综复杂条件句”，动词的形式根
据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
e.g.: If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.
b. 在从句中若含有were, had, should，可将if省略，将were, had, should提到主语之前。
Were I at school again, I would study harder.
2. 虚拟语气的含蓄表达有时为了表达的需要，虚拟语气中并不总是出现 if 引导的条件从句，而是借助于 without, but for,
otherwise, or来进行含蓄表达。
e.g.: 1> Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
2> But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
3> I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
4> He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.
3. 用在wish, as if, would rather中的虚拟语气
3.1 wish/as if
与过去事实相反：had done
与现在事实相反：did/were
与将来事实相反：would/might/could+do
e.g.: 1> I wish I had not gone there.
2> I wish that he would help more.
3> He feels as if he alone were responsible for what has happened.
4> She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time.
3.2 would rather
与过去事实相反：had done
与现在、将来事实相反：did/were
e.g.: 1> I would rather I had not told him the bad news.
2> I would rather they didn’t hear of the news.
4. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
4.1 在英语中有一类动词，这类动词后接从句通常用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，这类动词表示“坚
持、建议、命令、要求”的意思。
一坚持：insist
二命令：command order
三建议：suggest advise propose
四要求：request require ask demand
e.g.: 1> He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
2> The smile on his face suggested that he was content with our work.
3> The man insisted that he had never stolen money.
4> The man insisted that he (should) be set free.
注意：当suggest表示“建议”时，使用省略should加动词原形的虚拟语气；当suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，用陈述语气（如例句2）
当insist表示“坚持命令，坚持要求”时，使用省略should加动词原形的虚拟语气；当insist表示
“坚持说”时，用陈述语气（如例句4）
4.2 It is important/necessary/vital/essential/strange/natural that...句型中常用省略should加动词原形的虚拟
语气
e.g.: It is strange that he treat his parents like that.
5. 虚拟语气在“It is (high) time that ...”中
It is (high) time that ...句型中，that从句的动词有两种形式：should do（should不省略）或过去式
e.g.: It is high time that we should take immediate action to protect wildlife.
=It is high time that we took immediate action to protect wildlife.
变式练习
基础练
1. If I (see) the film, I would have told you about it.
2. If he knew French, he (not ask) me for help.
3. I'm glad I went over all my notes; otherwise I (fail) the exam.
4. Without the weather report, we (decide) whether to go fishing or not.
5. If it (be) not for the fact that you are very busy, I would ask you to do this right now.
6. I wish I (take) your advice last time, and then I wouldn't have been blamed by others.
7. If it (rain) tomorrow, I would stay at home watching TV.
8. After that, the manager demanded the source of all the water supplies (examine).
9. Don’t go to the cinema this afternoon, and you should finish your work first. I would rather you
(go) tomorrow.
10. --Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
--Oh, it is too bad. You have made full preparations.
提升练
1. Luckily, we d brought a road map without which we (lose) our way.
2. Should it rain, the crops (save).
3. When you phoned me, I was having a meeting, otherwise I (answer) your call.
4. It was fortunate that he took an umbrella with him, or he (catch) in the heavy rain.
5. I wouldn't marry Lucy even if she (be) the last woman on earth.6. ---We will have a meeting tomorrow.
---I would rather we (hold) the meeting today than tomorrow.
7. She often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through QQ，as if they (chat)
in
her living room.
8. Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy. If only I (have) a warm and
harmonious family.
9. It is often recommended that children (offer) chances to get close to nature.
10. But for the fact that George (not pass) the exam, he would have driven his car to our
college yesterday.
