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考点 14 情态动词和虚拟语气(核心考点精讲精
练)
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点
情态动词和虚拟语气
题型
年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
2024·新课标I卷 / /
2024·新课标II卷 / /
2024 2024·全国乙卷 / /
2024·全国甲卷 / /
2024·浙江1月 / /
2023·新课标I卷 / /
2023·新课标II卷 / /
语法填空
2023 2023·全国乙卷 / /
2023·全国甲卷 / /
2023·浙江1月 / /
2022·新课标I卷 / /
2022·新课标II卷 / /
2022 2022·全国乙卷 / /
2022·全国甲卷 / /
2022·浙江1月 / /
(天津第一次)单项选择: could 情态动词
2021
(天津第二次)单项选择: may have made 虚拟语气
2. 命题规律及备考策略
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近4年对于情态动词和虚拟语气不是热点。
1.高考对情态动词的考查集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词+ have done”结构语法上。
2.对虚拟语气而言,主要考查其在条件状语从句和名词性从句中的运用。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握情态动词的基本用法和推测用法;2. 掌握情态动词+have done的用法;
3. 掌握if虚拟条件下的虚拟语气(包括省略if的虚拟条件句);
4. 掌握含蓄虚拟条件下的虚拟语气;
5. 掌握特殊句式中的虚拟语气。
【命题预测】
情态动词和虚拟语气在历年全国卷高考中并非重点,但是在天津卷和上海卷中市重点,仍然
是高中英语语法学习中的重难点。
必备基础知识:
情态动词本身有词义,但是没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有时态的变化,但是不能独立作谓语。情态动
词可以表示:能力、义务、可能性和允许等等意义;情态动词还可以用来给人们:提出请求、建议、意见以及
提供帮助等等。
01 情态动词基本用法和意义
情态动词 基本用法和意义 例句
1、表示能力,可译为“能,会”。 The cinema can seat 1,000 people.
2、表示允许、许可,常用在口语中。 Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the
can/could could比can语气上要客气。 zoo?
3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度, How can you be so careless?
主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
在口语中可用can, could代替may,但 May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with
在正式场合用may。表示允许时,也 you?
可用 might 代替,might 不表示过去
may/
时,而是表示口气比较婉转。
might
1、表示请求、许可,常译为“可
以”。
2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。
1、must表示有做某一动作的必要或义 Everyone must obey the rule.
务,强调主观看法,可译为“必须, My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses
must/
应该”。 for reading.
have to
2、have to 表示因客观需要促使主语不 You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell
anyone.得不做某事。 You don't have to tell me the secret.
3、mustn't表示“禁止”;don't have to Truth must be out.
意思是“没有必要”= don't need to。 When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at
4、must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然 the door.
要发生的事,可译为“必然会,总是
会”。
5、must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意
思。
1、表示征询意见或请求指示,用于 Shall they wait outside?
一、三人称疑问句。 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警
2、表示说话人的意愿,有“命令、允 告)
诺、警告、威胁、决心”等意思,用 Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
shall
于第二、三人称陈述句中。 (决心)
3、表示强制,用于法令、条约、规章 The interest shall be divided into five parts,
中,意为“必须,应该”。 according to the agreement made by both sides.
1、表示义务,意为“应该”(某件事 One shouldn't be selfish.
宜于做)。 How should I know?
2、常与what, how, why等词连用,表 He should be taking a bath now.
示意外、惊讶等情绪。 It's a pity that you should be so careless.
should 3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某
种推测,可译为“可能、照说应
该”。
4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等,意为“竟
然”
1、表示义务,意为“应该”(因责 We ought to defend our country.
任、义务而该做),口气比 should稍 Prices ought to come down soon.
ought to 重。
2、表示推测,暗含很大的可能,可译
为“应该是,会是”。
1、表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you.
2、表请求,用于疑问句。 Will you close the window? It´s a bit cold.
will
3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 The door won´t open.
1、表意愿。 They would not let him in because he was poorly
2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 dressed.
would
3、表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一 Would you like another glass of beer?
种倾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状 He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.
况,但现在已不存在。 I usedn’t to go there./ I didn’t use to go there.
2、否定:usedn’t to/didn’t use to。 Did you use to go to the same school as your
区别: brother?
used to used to表示过去习惯动作或状态,强 Used you to go to the same school as your
调“现已无此习惯了”,而 would只 brother?
表示过去的习惯动作,与现在无关, We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.
往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。 Whenever we were in the country, we would play
hide-and-seek in the fields.
1、作情态动词: You needn’t come so early.
need表示“需要”或“必须”,仅用 He needs to finish it this evening.
于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一 He doesn’t need to finish it this evening.
般用 must,have to,ought to,或
should代替。
need needn't do
2、作实义动词:
后面接不定式(to do),有人称、数
和时态的变化。
need to do
don’t need to do
1、作情态动词: He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare
主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语 he?
从句中,一般不用于肯定句。 ---Yes, he dare./No, he daren’t.
2、作实义动词: How dare you say I’m unfair.
dare 在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带 to的 If you dare come here, I will come to meet you.
不定式;而在否定和疑问句中,dare
后面的不定式可以不带to。
dare to do
don’t dare (to) do
【2021年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now
there are houses and people everywhere.
A.need B.should C.could D.must
【答案】C【详解】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。
A. need 需要;B. should 应该,理应如此; C. could 可能,表示对客观可能性的推测;D. must 一定,必
须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
1.(2023·天津·校考模拟预测)With no gravity to push against, astronauts’ bones and muscles
________become weak.
A.should B.must C.can D.need
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:由于没有重力的推动,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得脆弱。A.
should应该;B. must必须,一定;C. can能,可能(表可能性);D. need需要。由“With no gravity to
push against, astronauts’ bones and muscles”和“become weak”可知,句子表示“由于没有重力的推动,宇航
员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得脆弱”,空格处表示“可能会”,应用can表推测,故选C。
2.(2023·天津·模拟预测)It’s eleven o’clock already. ______ you watch the movie at such a late hour?
A.Can B.Must C.May D.Shall
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:已经11点了。这么晚了,你一定要看电影吗?A. Can能,可以;
B. Must必须,一定,偏要;C. May可以,可能;D. Shall(表示说话人的允诺、命令、决心等,用于陈述句
的第二、三人称)必须,应,可。情态动词must可以表示坚持或固执,表达“偏要,偏偏”符合语境。故
选B项。
02情态动词表推测和虚拟语气
1)情态动词+ have done"”的用法
①、must have done
表示对过去已发生动作的肯定推测,意为“想必/一定做了”,用于肯定句中,语气强。
●The children must have got lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as
scheduled.孩子们一定在森林里迷路了,否则,他们会按照计划出现在湖边营地。
②、can't have done
表示对过去情况把握较大的否定推测,意为“不可能做了”。
● I saw Mr.. Li just now. He can't have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见李先生了。他不可能去了北京。
③、could have done
表示对过去情况的推测,意为“可能已经做了”
●Don't worry-- they could have just forgotten to call. 别担心,他们可能只是忘了打电话。
表示对过去的虚拟,意为“本来能做”,但实际上没做。●You could have done better, but you were too careless. 你本来能做得更好些,但你当时太粗心了。
④、may have done
表示对过去情况的推测,意为“也许/或许已经做了”,用于肯定句中,一般不用于疑问句中,语气较
弱,其否定形式为 may not have done.
● She may have bought the dictionary,but I' m not sure..她也许已经买了那本词典,但我不太确信。
⑤、might have done
表示对过去情况的推测,意为“也许/或许已经做了”,用于肯定句中,一般不用于疑问句中,语气较
may have done更弱,其否定形式为 might not have done。
●Smith might have gone to see the movie yesterday.史密斯也许昨天已经去看过这部电影了。
表示对过去的虚拟,意为“本来可以做”,但实际上没做。
● You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本可以给他更多帮助的,虽然你当时很忙。
⑥、should/ought to have done
表示对过去的虚拟。用于肯定句,意为“本该做”,而实际上未做;其否定式为 shouldn't / ought not
to have done,意为“本不该做”,而实际上做了,表示责备或惋惜之情。
●He is sad. You shouldn't have told him the bad news.他感到难过。你本不应该告诉他这个坏消息。
⑦、needn’t have done
表示对过去的虚拟,意为“本来不必做”,而实际上做了。
● We needn't have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭,我们原本不必买那么多食物。
⑧、would rather have done
意为“宁愿当时做了”,其否定式为 would rather not have done。两者都含有后悔之意。
●I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.
会上提出异议,但现在我宁愿自己没那么做。
⑨、would like/love to have done
表示过去本打算做,但实际上未做成。
●I would love to have attended the meeting last Sunday, but I had to finish my report.
上周日我本来很想去参加会议的,但我得完成报告。
●Was there anything you would like to have done during high school?
在高中时期,有没有什么事是你想做却没有做成的?2)情态动词表推测的反意疑问句
情态动词表推测的反意疑问句,以情态动词后的时态为淮,如句子里有明确的时间状语,则以其为准。
E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, aren ’ t you?
2. He must be watching TV , isn ’ t he ?
3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn ’ t he ?
4. She must have arrived yesterday, didn ’ t she?
【2021年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made
B. should have made
C. couldn’t have made
D. needn't have made
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:—老实说,我觉得我不会被录取。—唉,谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能
比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能;B.should have made本应该做;C.couldn’t have made不可能做;
D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有可能,故选A。
(2023·天津·校联考一模)Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model, ________ a better life, but caring for neither,
she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains.
A.could have enjoyed B.may enjoy C.must have enjoyed D.can enjoy
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:张桂梅,一位著名的道德模范,本可以享受更好的生活,但两者她都不关
心,她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法,表示“原本……”含义的情态动词结构为:
could have + 过去分词,A项“could have enjoyed(本能够享受)”与句子表达的含义一致,故选A项。
03 虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
虚拟语气 条件状语从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反的假设 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 过去式或 were to / should+动词 would/should/ could/ might+动词原形
原形
●If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话,我会再读一遍。(与现在事实相反)●We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.
假如昨天哈罗德没有开车送我们回,我们就乘出租车回来了。(与过去事实相反)
●If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. 要是明天下雨,运动会就会推迟。(与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
(1)、在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中,谓语动词含有had,were, should时,可以把if省略,将had, were,
should提到句首,变为倒装句。
●Had you (=If you had)come earlier, you would have caught the early bus. 如果你早点来,就能赶上早班车了。
●Were I you (= If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你,就不会做这件事
●Should he come(= If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。
(2)、当条件状语从句和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时,该条件句就被称为“错综时间条件
句”,动词的形要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
●If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be better now.
如果你当时遵循医生的建议的话,你现在就好多了。
●If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
如果你昨天跟他谈过了,你现在就知道该做什么了。
(3)、有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来,而是隐含在某些词或短语中,或隐含在上下文中,这
叫含蓄条件句。
常用的这类词或短语有:
without((要是)没有 in case万一,以防 but for要不是 for fear that唯恐 otherwise否则 or否则
●I couldn't have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
如果没有你慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。
●We would have put John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
要不是约翰最近受伤了,我们昨天就把他的名字加到参赛名单上了。
●We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.
我们在那个小村庄迷路了,要不然昨天我们就能参观更多的名胜。
二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
Point 1 虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的用法
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词对将来的愿望 would/ could+动词原形
●--Where are the children? The dinner's going to be complete ruined.
--I wish they weren't always late.
--孩子们在哪里?晚餐就要被(他们给)彻底破坏了。
一我希望他们不要总是迟到。
●I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket. 我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
●I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 我希望明天你和我们一起去。
Point 2 在表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的动词后的宾语从句中,常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用
“( should-+)动词原形”。常见的此类动词有
一坚持: insist
二命令: order, command
四建议: suggest, advise, propose, recommend
五要求: require, request, demand, desire ,urge
●The graduate insisted that he should go to work in the south.
这位大学毕业生坚持要到南方工作。
●The leaders ordered that a fact-finding group should be formed. 领导们命令成立一个事实调查小组。
●Her mother suggested that she (should)go and see the doctor. 她妈妈建议她去看医生。
●The panel demanded that the report (should) be made public.专家小组要求公开这份报告。
【特别注意】
当 suggest意为“暗示,表明”,,insist意为“坚持认为,坚持说”时,后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语
气,不用虚拟语气。
●His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision. 他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
●He insisted that he hadn't stolen the money. 他坚持说他没有偷过钱。
Point 3 在“It is/was+形容词/过去分词+that"句型中,that引导的主语从句使用虚拟语气,即从句
谓语动词用“( should-+)动词原形”或“ should have+过去分词”。常见的此类形容词和过去分词有
desirable值得拥有的;值得做的 advisable明智的 fitting合适的 essential极其重要的 important重要的
natural自然的;正常的 necessary必要的 proper合适的 strange奇怪的 urgent急迫的
suggested建议 requested要求 proposed建议 desired渴望 ordered命令 recommended建议
required要求 resolved决定
●It is necessary that we (should) put theories into practice. 我们有必要将理论付诸实践。
●It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪,他竟然没有告知我们就走了。
Point 4 表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词用“( should++)
动词形”。常见的这类名词有:
advice建议 demand要求 desire渴望 idea想法 motion动议,提议 order命令 plan计划
proposal提议 request要求 suggestion建议
●His demand is that the boy (should) go with them. 他的要求是这个男孩和他们一起去。(表语从句)●We agreed to the order that the task should be completed before5o' clock.
我们都同意这个命令:在五点前完成这项任务。(同位语从句)
Point 5 在 would rather后的宾语从句中,从句如果表示对现在或将来的虚拟,从句用一般过去时(be动
词一般用were);如果表示对过去的虚拟,从句用过去完成时。
●I would rather I left now. 我宁愿现在离开。
●I would rather you came next month. 我宁愿你下个月来。
●I would rather he had passed the exam 我宁愿他已经通过了考试。
三、虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用
Point 1 虚拟语气用于as if/ as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
与将来事实相反 would/ could/ might+动词原形
●You treat them as if they were your parents. 你对待他们如同他们是你的父母。(与现在事实相反)
●He acted as though nothing had happened. 他表现得若无其事。(与过去事实相反)
● They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
他们谈了又谈,好像永远不会再见面了。(与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,从句要用陈述语气。
●It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。
●.He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他像是醉了
Point 2 在It's(high/ about)time(that)...句型中,that引导的定语从句通常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词
用过去式(did)或“ should-+动词原形”( should不能省略),意为“该是…的时候了”
●Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.
杰克是一个夸夸其谈的是时候他应该去做点什么而不是仅仅空谈了。
●It is time that you went/should go to bed, Tom. 汤姆,你该去睡觉了。
Point 3 虚拟语气用于 if only引导的条件句或感叹句
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式或(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
与将来事实相反 would/ could/ might-+动词原形
●If only I were younger now! 要是现在我年轻一些该多好啊!(与现在事实相反)
●If only you had worked with greater care! 要是你更细心地工作该多好啊!(与过去事实相反)
●If only I could go to the moon one day! 要是我有一天能到月球上该多好啊!(与将来事实相反)only if:意为“只有…(才)’引导条件状语句,不用虚拟语气。
●I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他,只要他努力就会成功。
【2024届河南省部分重点高中高三毕业班 5月份大联考】It is necessary that initiatives calling for alternative
transportation modes 9 (support) to keep company with these efforts, and that unsustainable
practices, such as reliance solely on private vehicles, be disposed of in the near future.
9.【答案】(should) be supported
【解析】考查语态。句意:有必要支持呼吁替代交通方式的倡议,以便与这些努力保持一致,并在不久的
将来处理不可持续的做法,例如完全依赖私家车。主语为initiatives,与support之间为被动关系,应用被
动语态,且此处为虚拟语气,谓语动词用(should) be done的形式。故填(should) be supported。
(最新模拟试题演练)
一、单项选择
1.(2024·天津·二模)I love spring because I______ endure the cold of winter or avoid the burning sun of
summer in spring.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意:我喜欢春天,因为在春天我不必忍受冬天的寒冷或避开夏天的烈日。
A. mustn’t禁止;B. needn’t不必;C. can’t不能;D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意,春天是一个温和的季节,
不需要避免极端的冷或热,needn’t符合题意,故选B项。
2.(2024·天津·模拟预测)When weather permitted, he __________ go to the tea house after dinner to talk with
other old partners every day.
A.might B.should C.could D.would
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:只要天气允许,他每天晚饭后都会去茶馆和其他老搭档聊天。A.
might可能;B. should应该;C. could可以;D. would过去常常。由When weather permitted和every day可
知,空格处用would表示过去常常做的事情,故选D。3.(2024·天津·二模)—Sorry, Tony. I’m too busy to attend the meeting this Saturday.
—Well, you ________ attend it if you truly can’t spare the time.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:——对不起,托尼。我太忙了,不能参加这个星期六的会议。——嗯,如
果你真的抽不出时间,你就不必参加了。A. shouldn’t不应该;B. needn’t不必;C. can’t不能; D. mustn’t
禁止,不允许。根据“if you truly can’t spare the time.”可知,抽不出时间就不必参加星期六的会议了。故选
B。
4.(2024·天津·二模)The HR director announced, “Candidates _______ remain in your seats until all the papers
have been collected.”
A.can B.shall C.would D.need
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:人力资源总监宣布:“候选人应留在座位上,直到所有试卷都收集完
毕。”A. can 能够,可能;B. shall必须,应该;C. would将,会;D. need需要。根据句意可知,此处表
示规定,应用情态动词shall,表示规定、警告、命令。故选B。
5.(2024·天津和平·三模)My laptop ______ be old, but it still works really well.
A.can B.could C.may D.would
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我的笔记本电脑或许旧了,但它仍然工作得很好。A.can能够;B.could能
够;C.may或许;D.would将。根据下文but it still works really well,此处表示事实上的可能性,用may ,
can表示逻辑上的可能性。故选C。
6.(23-24高三下·天津南开·阶段练习)I can’t find my wallet now. I________ it in the bus just now, but I’m
not sure.
A.should leave B.could have left
C.must have left D.might leave
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词表示推测的用法。句意:我现在找不到我的钱包了。我可能刚才在公交车上把它落
下了,但我不确定。should leave表示应该做某事,不符合句意。 could have left表示过去可能做了某事,
符合句意,表示说话者对可能发生的事情的推测。must have left表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测,但句
中提到“但我不确定”,所以这个选项太绝对了。might leave表示将来可能做某事,不符合句意,因为句
子讨论的是过去发生的事情。故选B项。
7.(2024·天津滨海新·三模)The first attempt at making a lantern proved more challenging than the boy ever
______ have imagined.
A.could B.must C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词的固定用法。句意:男孩发现,制作灯笼的第一次尝试比他想象的更具挑战性。分
析句子可知,这个题考查的是could have done的固定结构,表示对过去的一种可能性猜测。这个男孩是在过去想象灯笼是否好做,could have imagined便是这个意思,故选A项。
8.(2024·天津北辰·三模)The high school student answered all the questions properly. In my view, he ______
have read many books.
A.must B.should C.need D.could
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:这个高中生把所有的问题都答得很好。在我看来,他一定读了很多书。
must have done必定做了……(表示对过去的推测),should have done原本该做但是没做,need have done本
需要做某事却没有做,could have done本能做某事却没有做,结合“The high school student answered all the
questions properly.”可知,此处指我认为这个高中生过去一定读了很多书。故选A项。
9.(2024·天津南开·一模)I know he was wrong, but I ________ tell him because he never listens.
A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.oughtn’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我知道他错了,但我不必告诉他,因为他从来不听。A. mustn’t禁止,不
许;B. daren’t不敢;C. needn’t不必;D. oughtn’t不应该。结合because he never listens可知,空格处应表达
“不必”,故用 needn’t。故选C。
10.(2024·天津和平·一模)People liked O. Henry’s stories, because simple as the tales were, they ______
finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers’ surprise.
A.could B.would C.might D.must
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:人们喜欢欧·亨利的故事,因为这些故事虽然简单,但往往会在结
尾突然发生变化,让读者感到惊讶。A. could可能;B. would常常;C. might也许;D. must必须。此处表
示过去的习惯,“would + 动词原形”表示过去常常做某事。故选B。
11.(2024·天津·一模)Whenever I visited my grandmother’s house, I ______ rush to the kitchen for the stinky
tofu with excitement.
A.shall B.would C.must D.may
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:从那时起,每当我去奶奶家,我都会兴奋地冲进厨房吃臭豆腐。A.
shall将要,用于一般将来时;B. would将会;C. must必须;D. may可能。根据上文“Whenever I visited
my grandmother’s house”可知,此处主句为过去将来时,为would+动词原形。故选B。
12.(2024·天津·一模)Look, double yellow lines! You park here.
A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.daren’t
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:看,双黄线!你禁止在这里停车。A. wouldn’t不会;B. mustn’t禁
止;C. needn’t不需要;D. daren’t不敢。由“double yellow lines”可知,句子表示“你禁止在这里停车”,
空格处表示“禁止”,故选B。
13.(23-24高二下·天津·阶段练习)During our trip to the Great Wall last week, I couldn’t stop thinking about
how huge a project it ________ have been to build it in ancient times.A.must B.could C.should D.need
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:上周我们去长城的时候,我一直在想,在古代修建长城一定是一项多
么浩大的工程啊。A. must必须,一定;B. could可以;C. should应该;D. need需要。结合句意及“to build
it in ancient times”可知,此处表示对过去肯定的推测,指在古代修建长城一定是一项非常浩大的工程,故
选A。
14.(23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习)I advise you to stay away from Mary. Although she is usually easy-going,
she ______be quite annoying sometimes.
A.can B.need C.must D.should
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意:我劝你离玛丽远点。虽然她通常很随和,但有时也很烦人。A. can有
时会;B. need需要;C. must必须;D. should应该。根据“Although she is usually easy-going”可知,此处应
用情态动词can表示“有时会”。故选A。
15.(2024·天津河东·一模)I ______ you about your mistakes, but I didn’t think you would listen to me.
A.could have toldB.must have told C.should tell D.might tell
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词 。句意:我本可以告诉你你的错误,但我认为你不会听我的。A. could have done
本可以做某事而没有做;B. must have done一定做过某事;C. should do应该做某事;D. might do可能做某
事。根据“but I didn’t think you would listen to me.”可知,本可以告诉你你的错误。故选A。
16.(23-24高三下·天津南开·开学考试)It is very important that we be honest about what we do not know.
A.need B.will C.must D.can
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:非常重要的是,我们必须诚实地对待我们不知道的事情。根据语境可知,
空处应填情态动词must,表示“必须”,need需要;will表示意愿;can表示能够。故选C项。
17.(2024·天津河北·一模)—The test is very important to us. Do you think so?
—Yes, so we ________ be too careful during the test.
A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:——考试对我们来说非常重要。你认为是吗?——是的,所以我们在考试
时再认真都不为过。A.must't禁止;B.daren't不敢; C.neednt不必;D.can't不能。分析结构可知这向话使
用“can't be too+形容词”的句型,意为“再……都不为过”。故选D。
18.(23-24高三下·重庆·开学考试)Look at the school rules. It says we___________ be late for school.
A.can B.must C.needn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词的辨析。句意:看看校规。上面说我们上学不能迟到。A. can能,可以;B. must必
须,一定;C. needn’t不必;D. mustn’t不应该,不可以,不能。根据上下文可知,校规说我们不能迟到。
故选D。19.(23-24高三上·天津和平·期末)According to the agreement in the World Meteorological Congress, the
resolution come into effect upon signature.
A.should B.shall C.would D.must
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:根据世界气象大会的协议,该决议自签署之日起生效。A. should
应该;B. shall 必须,一定,应该;C. would 将,会(will的过去式);D. must 必须。分析句子结构和意
思可知,这里考查shall的用法:当主语是第三人称时,在陈述句中用shall表示义务、强制,命令,允诺
等语气。故选B。
20.(23-24高三上·天津·期末)—I’m leaving for Shanghai tomorrow for the Spring Festival holiday.
—Good for you. Remember to bring more clothes because the winter in Shanghai _______ be very cold
sometimes.
A.would B.shall C.can D.may
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:———我明天要去上海过春节。———真不错。记得多带些衣服,因为上
海的冬天有时会很冷。A. would会,要;B. shall可以,将(常与第一人称连用);C. can可以,可能;D.
may也许,可能。根据下文“be very cold sometimes”可知,此处表示按常理推断的抽象的可能性,应用
can;may通常表示实际的、马上能应验的可能性。故选C项。
21.(23-24高三上·天津河东·期末)I ______ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this
Sunday.
A.should B.might C.would D.could
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我应该去拜访特蕾西,但我不确定这个星期天是否有时间。根据 but 后的
句意,可以推测出前一句,我应该拜访。should 表示“应该”。might 表示“可能”和“允许”,would
表示“将要”,could 表示“可能性”和“能力”。故选A项。
22.(23-24高三上·天津西青·期末)Peter have been so anxious about the deadline, for he had plenty of time
to complete the project.
A.dare not B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.won’t
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:彼得本不必为最后期限如此焦虑,因为他有充足的时间来完成这个项目。
A. dare not不敢;B. needn’t不必;C. mustn’t禁止;D. won’t不会。needn’t have done表示“本不必做某
事”,根据for he had plenty of time to complete th project可知,needn’t符合题意。故选B项。
23.(23-24高三上·天津和平·期末)They ______ finished the project; it was due on last Friday.
A.must have B.ought to have C.would have D.might have
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:他们一定已经完成了这个项目;上星期五就该交了。由句意及it was due
on last Friday可知此处是对过去事实的肯定推测,应用情态动词must+have done的结构,故选A项。
24.(23-24高三上·天津河西·期末)There were no signs that the fire had been set deliberately. It ________ bya cigarette end, I guess.
A.would have been caused B.should have been caused
C.might have been caused D.must have been caused
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词+have done用法辨析。句意:没有迹象表明这场火灾是故意纵火。我猜可能是烟头
引起的。A. would have been caused将会被……引起;B. should have been caused本应该被……引起;C.
might have been caused可能被……引起;D. must have been caused肯定被……引起。根据语境和后文“I
guess”,此处表示主观推测,可能性不大。故选C项。
25.(23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习)My nephew William is still a puzzle to me—sometimes he is as quiet as a
mouse, while he______be fairly active at other times.
A.should B.need C.must D.can
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我的侄子威廉对我来说仍然是个谜——有时他像老鼠一样安静,而其他时
候他又很活跃。A. should应该,竟然;B. need需要;C. must肯定,必须;D. can能,可能。结合语境与at
other times可知,此处表示对现在情况的推测,情态动词can表示一时的情况,意为“有时侯会……”符
合语境。故选D项。
26.(23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习)I didn’t see Fred in the library this morning. He_____have borrowed that
book.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.needn’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:今天早上我没在图书馆看到弗雷德。他不可能借了那本书。A. mustn’t禁
止;B. shouldn’t不应该;C. couldn’t不可能;D. needn’t不需要。结合语境可知,此处表示对过去情况的推
测,根据“I didn’t see Fred in the library this morning.”可知,因上午在图书馆没见过Fred,所以推测“不可
能”是Fred借的那本书,应使用情态动词couldn’t符合语境。故选C项。
(2024·辽宁·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The oldest art forms in China are music and dance. Music played 21 important role in ancient China.
In ancient times, bronze (铜) bells were instruments of official ceremonies. A bronze bell set from a tomb in the
ancient state of Zeng in Hubei Province, contains 64 bells,each of 22 produces two distinct, tuned strike
notes. More than 120 instruments 23 (dig)out of the same tomb. Music and related ceremonies managed
24 (provide) a structure for activities in the courts of rulers at all levels at that time.
Theatre, once the most important popular art form in China, remains important for some people. However, in
recent years, its popularity 25 (fall) compared to television dramas, especially serials.
Chinese theatre originated in early religious dances, 26 (perform) at festivals for various reasons,
such as preparing for harvest, hunting, or warfare. Yuan dramas-or operas, as they are more 27 (accurate )
called-consisted 28 songs and dances organized around plots on historical or contemporary themes. Theoperas were performed in special theatres, with elegant 29 (costume) and decorated stages. From Yuan
drama, later 30 (region) forms developed, including contemporary Peking opera.
【答案】21.an 22.which 23.were dug 24.to provide 25.has fallen 26.performed
27.accurately 28.of 29.costumes 30.regional
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代的一些艺术形式,包括音乐、舞蹈和戏剧,以及它
们的历史、起源和重要性。
21.考查冠词。句意:音乐在古代中国扮演着重要的角色。修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指,用不定冠词;
空后单词为元音音素开头,用an。故填an。
22.考查定语从句。句意:在湖北省曾国的一个古墓中出土的一套青铜钟,共有64个钟,每个钟都能发出
两个不同音高的敲击声。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为“64 bells”,在定语从句中担当介词后的宾
语,用关系代词which引导。故填which。
23.考查时态和语态。句意:在同一座古墓中挖掘出了120多件乐器。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文
可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“More than 120 instruments”,复数,和动词“dig”之间为被动关系,
所以用被动语态。故填were dug。
24.考查非谓语动词。句意:音乐及相关仪式为当时各级统治者宫廷的活动提供了结构。非谓语动词担当
动词“manage”之后的宾语,用动词不定式形式。manage to do设法成功做某事。故填to provide。
25.考查时态。句意:然而,近年来,它的受欢迎程度已经下降,无法与电视剧集,尤其是连续剧相提并
论。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“in recent years”可知,本句时态为现在完成时;主语为“its
popularity”,单数,助动词用has。故填has fallen。
26.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国戏剧起源于早期的宗教舞蹈,出于各种原因在节日中表演,如准备收获、
狩猎或战争。非谓语动词担当状语,主语“Chinese theatre”和动词“perform”之间为被动关系,用过去分词
形式。故填performed。
27.考查副词。句意:元剧,或者说更准确的说法是元杂剧,是由围绕历史或当代主题的故事情节组织的
歌曲和舞蹈组成的。修饰动词call用副词形式作状语。故填accurately。
28.考查固定搭配。句意:元剧,或者说更准确的说法是元杂剧,是由围绕历史或当代主题的故事情节组
织的歌曲和舞蹈组成的。固定搭配:consist of,意为“由……组成”,符合句意。故填of。
29.考查名词的数。句意:戏剧是在专门的剧院里演出的,有优雅的服装和装饰的舞台。根据下文的
“stages”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填costumes。
30.考查形容词。句意:从元戏剧开始,发展出后来的地方戏剧形式,包括当代的京剧。根据空后的名词
“forms”可知,空处为形容词形式作定语。故填regional。
2022-2021年
1.【2021年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but
now there are houses and people everywhere.A.need B.should C.could D.must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。
A. need 需要;B. should 应该,理应如此; C. could 可能,表示对客观可能性的推测;D. must 一定,必
须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
2.【2021年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made
B. should have made
C. couldnt have made
D. needn't have made
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:—老实说,我觉得我不会被录取。—唉,谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能
比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能;B.should have made本应该做;C.couldnt have made不可能做;
D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有可能,故选A。
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过
去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。
3.考查情态动词用法。句意:并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词,后接动词原形,to多余,故将
to去掉。
2.【2020·天津】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A.must B.can C.need D.should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须;
B. can能,可以;C. need需要;D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知,Jim
许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们”能,可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
3.【2020·天津】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.shouldn't
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词+ have done。句意:你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。
根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事,must have done表示
对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测;should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做;mustn’t不和have done
连用。故选D。
4 【2020年江苏卷】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知,
此处是错综时间虚拟语气,根据空后where I am可知,此处是与现在事实相反的假设,主句谓语动词应使
用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。