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第 25 讲 虚拟语气
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································1
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································2
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································3
考点一 if引导的虚拟语气条件句
知识点1 if引导的虚拟语气典型用法·······················································································3
知识点2 虚拟语气的省略和倒装·······························································································4
知识点3 错综虚拟语气 5
知识点4 含蓄虚拟语气 5
考点二 虚拟语气用于名词性从句
知识点1 虚拟语气用于宾语从句······························································································6
知识点2 虚拟语气用于表语、同位语从句··············································································7
知识点3 虚拟语气用于主语从句·······························································································7
考点三 虚拟语气用于状语从句
知识点1 as if/though、even if/though引导的虚拟语气··············································8
知识点2 虚拟语气用于if only句型························································································9
考点四 虚拟语气的其它句式·················································································································9
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ··································································································································10
2.命题演练·························································································································· 11
考情分析
分析近年高考真题可知，高考虚拟语气的考查可能出现在阅读的长难句中。语法填空中不作为
考查热点，但在写作中能够成功地在应用文写作和读后续写中用上1-2句虚拟语气可以起到美
化文章的作用。
复习目标：
1. 掌握 i f 引导虚拟语气条件句的基本用法。
2. 熟练运用虚拟语气的倒装和省略。
3. 掌握三大从句中虚拟语气的常用法，如 should+ 动词原形。
4. 掌握虚拟语气的特殊句式。如 I t ’ high tim e that. ..
5. 熟练运用含蓄虚拟语气与错综虚拟语气句。
6. 掌握在复杂语境中辨别虚拟语气并正确理解句意的能力。考点一 if 引导的虚拟语气
虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
知识点1 if引导的虚拟语气典型用法
1.条件句中的虚拟语气基本形式
时态类型 从句 主句
与现在事实相反 一般过去时did(be多用 were) would/should/could/might + do(原形)
与过去事实相反 过去完成时had done would/should/could/might+ have done
①一般过去时(be多用 were)
与将来事实相反 ②should +do would/should/could/might + do(原形)
③were + to do
例1. If he were here, he would help us.（现在）
如果他还在这里，他就会帮助我们的。
例2. If I had been free,I would have visited you.（过去）
如果我有空，我会去看你的。
例3. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.（将来）
如果明天要下雨，我们就不去露营了。
思维建模：虚拟语气在长难句中可以通过辨析谓语动词的特殊形式来迅速甄别虚拟还是真实。
典例 1.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）If I had a chance to study abroad, I (study) at Cambridge University.
典例2.（23-24高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）If motorists (avoid) speeding on highways, there would not be more traffic
accidents reported.
知识点2 虚拟语气的省略和倒装
在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。
例1. If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion.（对将来虚拟）
＝Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion.
如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。
例2. If you had turned to me, I would have helped you. （对过去虚拟）
= Had you turned to me, I would have helped you.如果你请我帮忙,我就帮你了.例3. If I weren't busy, I would have come.（错综虚拟）
＝Were I not busy, I would have come.
例4. Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.
如果你早来几分钟，你就能看见他了。
名师提醒：在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.比如我们可说Were I not busy,而
不能说 Weren't I busy.
典例1.（2024高三·全国·专题练习） he leave today, he would get there by Friday.
变式训练. we made a great effort last term, we might have succeeded.
知识点3 错综虚拟语气
当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的
调整，我们称之为错综条件虚拟语气。
例1. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.（从句过去，主句现在）
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在做得就会容易些了。
例2. If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.（从句过去，主句现在）
如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会做得这么好了。
例3. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. (You didn't ask him yesterday, so you don't know
what to do now.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)
如果你昨天问了他,现在你就知道要做什么了.
典例（24-25高三·全国·专题练习）If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he________ (be) able to
speak it much better now.
知识点4 含蓄虚拟语气
含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时是暗含在上下文中的.含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有:
1. 介词及介词短语 but that, but for, without, with, under, under ... condition, supposing, on condition that, in the past
等.
例1. But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. (but for提供了虚拟条件)
要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。
例2. Without your help, I couldn't have achieved all this. (without your help与事实相反)
没有你的帮助，我不可能做到这一切。
2. 连词otherwise, or, but或分词短语表条件。如:He would have given you more help, but he was so busy./ Seize the chance,
otherwise you would regret it. / He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you./ Given more time, we could have done
it better.
3. 根据上下文推理出条件.
例1. It would do you no good.这可能会对你没好处.(条件可能是if you should give up the job“如果你放弃这项工作的话
例2. They could have won.他们本来是会赢的.(条件可能是if they had been patient“如果他们有耐心的话”)
例3. Such mistakes could have been avoided.这种错误完全能避免.(条件可能是if you had been more careful“如果你更加小
心一点的话”)
典例1.（24-25高三·全国·专题练习）But for the medical team’s efforts, more lives (claim) in this pandemic.典例2.（24-25高三·全国·专题练习）It was fortunate that he took an umbrella with him, or he (catch) in the heavy
rain.
考点二 虚拟语气用于名词性从句
知识点1 虚拟语气用于宾语从句
一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
1. 表示对现在情况的虚拟，从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。
例:I wish I could argue with you.
2. 表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句动词常用"had十过去分词"。
例: I wish I hadn't become so conscious of every little change.
3. 表示对将来的主观愿望，谓语动词形式为"would十动词原形"。
例: I wish it would stop raining.
二、在suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, command, request等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原
形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。
1. 一个“坚持”（insist）
2. 两个“命令”（order, demand）
3. 三个“要求”（require, request, demand）
4. 四个“建议”（suggest, advise, propose,recommend）
易错提醒：suggest意为“暗示”，使用真实语气；意为“建议”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用should+动词原形，should
可以省。insist意为“坚持认为”，使用真实语气；意为“坚持要求”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用should+动词原形，
should可以省。
例1. What does the man suggest the woman do?【2021年上海卷听力】
男士建议女士做什么?
例2. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
【2019年北京卷】他建议她做一些研究，和牙医谈谈更加健康的糖果中含有什么物质。
例3. The authorities insist that the discussions must not be linked to any other issue.（坚持认为事实）
官方坚持这些讨论绝不能和任何别的问题联系起来。
例4. I insist that you go with me.（坚持要求做某事）
我坚持要你跟我一起去。
三、.would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。
一般过去时表示现在或者将来
would rather +that(从句)
过去完成时表示过去的动作例1.John wants to see me today. I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)
例2.The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.（表示现在）
经理宁愿他的女儿不在同一个办公室工作
例3.I would rather he had visited us yesterday.（表示过去）
我宁愿他昨天来看我们了。
名师提醒：1.表示某人愿自己做某事,would rather 后用动词原形.如:I would rather stay at home today.2. would
rather...than中用动词原形.。
例1. I would rather stay at home than go out today.
我今天宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。
例2. They would rather work than live on welfare.
他们宁愿工作而不愿靠社会保障金生活。
知识点2 虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
表示“建议、请求、命令”等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动
词原形。常见的有:advice, suggestion, proposal(提议),order, demand, desire, request, requirement, recommendation,
aim, wish, necessity等。
例1. It is an order that for every tree cut down two more (should) be planted.（同位语从句）
要求每砍伐一棵树,就要补栽两棵树.
例2. The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.（同位语从句）
经理建议我们应该有一个助手。
例3. My advice is that you should send a few soldiers to help them.（表语从句）
我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
知识点3 虚拟语气用于主语从句
1. 在"It is important (strange, natural, necessary)that…"这类句型里，that 所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用
“should+动词原形”结构表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑等语气.。这类形容词有:advisable(合理的),appropriate, compulsory(必
须做的),crucial(决定性的),desirable(理想的),essential, imperative(迫切的),important, incredible(惊人的),natural,
necessary, possible, preferable(更好的),probable, strange, urgent, vital等.
例1. It is important that we (should) think before we decide.
三思而后行是非常重要的。
例2. It is necessary that every student (should) work hard.
每个学生（应该）努力工作。
2. “It is/was+名词或名词短语+that+sb+(should)+动词原形...”常见的名词或短语有a pity, a shame, no wonder等。
例1. It is no wonder that he （should） miss the train.
他错过了那列火车并不奇怪。
例2. It's a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.
他拒绝接受提供的东西真是令人遗憾.
名师提醒：如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气.如:It is a pity that you can't swim.
典例1.（23-24高三·河北石家庄·开学考试）Obviously, it is high time that we (take) effective measures to tacklethe problem.
典例2.（24-25高三·全国·专项训练）It is advisable that you (take) your work seriously, or it won’t be long before
you’re laid off.
变式训练1.（24-25高三·全国·专项训练）How I wish I (buy) that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every
time.
变式训练2.It is urged by university students that the library (keep) open during the vacation.
考点三 虚拟语气用于状语从句
知识点1 as if/though、even if/though引导的虚拟语气
1. 由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had+过去分
词”
例1. Don't treat me as if I were a child. 不要把我当作一个孩子来对待我。
例2. Amy talks about Rome as if he were a Roman.
艾米谈起罗马来好像他是罗马人一样.
例3. Don’t handle the vase as if it were made of steel.【北京卷】
不要这么拿着这个花瓶，就好像它是钢制成似的。
名师提醒：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
例. It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来要下雨。
2. 在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时，主句用
could/would/might/should+ 动 词 原 形 ； 表 示 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 ， 从 句 用 had done, 主 句
用could/would/might/should+have+过去分词。
例1. Even if he had been ill, he would have worked hard.
即使他病了，他也会努力工作。
例2. Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you out.
即使我当时很忙，我还是会帮助你的。
例3. Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.
即使他亲自来也不知道该怎么办。
名师提醒：若句子表达的是真实情况则不用虚拟,而用陈述语气.
例. Even if it rains, I will go. 即使下雨我也会去.（可以看出真的有要下雨的迹象）
知识点2 if only引导虚拟语气
if only引导的感叹句中虚拟语气用法与wish的虚拟语气用法一致.
时态类型 从句If only I were better looking.要是我长得漂亮些就好了.
与现在事实相反 过去时(be用were) If only I were as clever as you！要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！
与过去事实相反 过去完成时had done If only she hadn't driven so fast.要是她当时没有开那么快就好了.
If only it would stop raining.雨要是停了就好了.
将来不大可能实现的愿望 would/could/might+ do If only he were here!
=How I wish he were here!要是他在这儿就好了。
典例（24-25高三·全国·专题练习）The Antarctica is so mysteriously described by some people. If only I (be) there
before!
考点四 虚拟语气用于其它句式
1. 在"It is high time (that) ......."句型中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是“该干某
事的时候了”。
例1. It’s (high) time we did housework.
例2. It is high time that we laid great emphasis on the wildlife protection.
=It is high time that we should lay great emphasis on the wildlife protection.
我们对野生动物保护加以高度重视的时候到了。
2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may+主语+动词原形+其他”结构
例1. May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风！
例2. May your youth last for ever!祝你青春永驻！
例3. May you succeed!祝你成功！
例4. May you make greater progress!祝你取得更大进步！
3. 表示强烈的“愿望、祝愿”时，常用动词原形表示虚拟语气。
例1. Long live the Communist Party of China! 中国共产党万岁！
例2. God bless you.上帝保佑你。
典例（24-24高三·全国·专项训练）It's high time we (destroy)the old world and build a new one.
一、 真题实战
1．（2017·天津·高考真题）Ten days are devoted to this training program and ________ it be unsuccessful, it could be repeated
later.A．should B．could C．might D．would
2．（2017·全国·高考真题）My brother lent me the money,_______I couldn't have afforded the trip．
A．Furthermore B．Otherwise
C．Moreover D．Nevertheless
3．（2018·天津·高考真题）Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A．studied B．had studied
C．would study D．might have studied
4．（2019·江苏·高考真题）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A．had B．will have C．would have had D．had had
5．（2019·天津·高考真题）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A．accomplished B．had accomplished
C．would accomplish D．would have accomplished
6．（2019·天津·高考真题）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.
A．would be B．might have been
C．would have been D．had been
7．（2016·浙江·高考真题）Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths ________ since their
highest in 2005.
A．had not fallen B．would not fall
C．did not fall D．would not have fallen
8．（2016·北京·高考真题）Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A．told B．had told
C．were to tell D．would tell
9．（2015·重庆·高考真题）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A．didn’t write B．hadn’t written
C．wouldn’t write D．wouldn’t have written
10．（2015·江苏·高考真题） It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A．did I know B．have I known
C．do I know D．had I known
二、 命题演练
1．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）This printer is of good quality. If it break down within the first year, we would
repair it at our expense.
2．（24-25高三·全国·专题练习） (be) I a bird, I would fly to see you at once.
3.（24-25高三·全国·专题练习）She would be much healthier now she not burdened herself with that much pressure
from work when young.
4.（24-25高三·全国·专项训练）The manager gave his command that measures (take) immediately to correct all the
mistakes made in marketing.
5.（24-25高三·全国·专题练习）He speaks English so fluently as if he (be) a native speaker.
6.（24-25高三·全国·专题练习）— Let’s go to see a film.
— Why today. I’d rather we (see) a film tomorrow.7．（24-24高三·全国·专项训练）It's high time that we （apply ）ourselves to the task of protecting our
environment.
