文档内容
虚拟语气
英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气：虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的，表示说话人所说的不是事实，而
是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
一．虚拟语气表示假设，用在 if非真实条件句中
从句 主句
与现在事实相反 If主语+did/were 主语+should / would/could / might + do
与过去事实相反 If主语+ had done 主语+ should / would/ could / might + have done
1.did
与将来事实相反 If主语+ 2.should do 主语+should / would/could / might + do
3.were to do
例：
If I were you, I would accept his advice.
If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
注意：
1.错综时间虚拟语气
当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相
应
的调整。
If you ____________(follow)my advice just now, you _________(be)better now.
If you __________(study)hard before, you _______(be)a college student now.
2. 省略if的虚拟条件句中，were，had（完成时态标志），should放在句首，（用于倒装结构），
if必须省略。(只倒装从句，主句不改变)1.Were I you(=If I were you),I would not do it.
1.Had I not seen him then(Hadn’t I seen him then), I wouldn't have been very happy.
3、含蓄虚拟语气
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来
代替条件句。常用的有介词with，without，but for（倘没有，要不是）；连词or，but；副词
otherwise等。
.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
=If I hadn‘t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
Without / But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
=If it had not been for your help, …
二．虚拟语气表示一种不可能实现的愿望，常用wish+宾语从句。其谓语动词构成形式为：
从句动作与wish同时 did/were
从句动作先于wish had done（或用could have done）
从句动作在wish之后 could/would/might + do
I wish I were a bird and I could fly in the sky.
I wish I had met that film star yesterday.
此外，If only+句子=How I wish+that从句(要是……就好了）
If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird!我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊！
三.虚拟语气用于表示怀疑或推测。
在某些表示“命令、建议、要求”等动词，名词以及形容词存在的主语从句，宾语从句，表
语
从句，同位语从句的虚拟语气结构为：sb （should）+ do 此类动词记忆口诀：一坚持(insist)二命令(order/ command)三要求(demand/require/ request)
四建议（advise/ suggest/ propose/recommend）
例：1.I suggested that he (should) go there at once. (宾语从句)
2.My advice is that we (should) tell him the news.(表语从句)
3.I made a suggestion that he (should)tell him the truth.(同位语从句)
4.It is suggested that he (should) go to school early.(主语从句)
注意：
suggest:表示“表明，暗示”的意思时，从句用陈述语气；表示“建议”时，从句用虚拟语气
Her pale face suggested that she _____（be)ill and It is suggested that she ________________(send)
to hospital immediately.
insist：表示“坚持说” 的意思时，从句用陈述语气；
表示“坚持主张，坚持要求”时，从句用虚拟语气
He insisted that he ____________(not steal) the money and insisted that he ____________(set) free.
四、虚拟语气的其他用法
1.as if / as though（好像）+从句
从句动作与主句动作同时 did/were
从句动作在主句动作之前 had done
从句动作在主句动作之后 would/could/might+ do
He looks as if he were an artist.
He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.
2.It is (high / about) time (that)sb did/ sb should（不可省略） + do该是某人做某事的时候了。It is high time that you got up/should get up.
3.在would rather+宾语从句中
从句动作与主句动作同时或之后 did/were
从句动作在主句动作之前 had done
例：I would rather they didn’t hear the news.
I would rather I had not told him he bad news.
1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got
4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
5. I wish I ____here then
A. was B. had been C. were D. would be
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him
A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is
8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today ---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than today
A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told
9. ---Would you have called her up ? ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet
A. would have taken part in B. took part in
C. had taken part in D. would take part in11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily
A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for
12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going
A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent
C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented
13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam
A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work
14. ____today, he would get there by Friday
A. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left
15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother
A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come
17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.
A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped
C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped
18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday
A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb
C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb
19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
20. ---I am going to tell her the news ---I would as soon as you _____her about it
A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell
21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home
A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay
22. It was requested that the play ____again
A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on
23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately
A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent
24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness ----Yes, but ____it
A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done C. I should’ t do D. I’d better not do
25. If only I ___my car A. hadn’t lost B. wouldn’t lose C. didn’t lose D. haven’t lost
26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth
A. is B. would be C. were D. wouldn’t be
27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time beingA. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t
28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son
A. is B. were C. had been D. should be
29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more
A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be
30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem
A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held
31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying
A. even if , was B. though, would be C. even, had been D. as if, were
32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert
A. had not B. did not have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again
A. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed
34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops
A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping
35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
1--5 CBDBB 6--10 CCBAA 11--15 DABAC 16--20 DBCDA
21--25 DCCBA 26--30 BBBAB 31-35 DCCAB
