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动名词和分词用法
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing构成，有一般式和完成式，主动式和被动
式， 否定形式为 not doin g ， 具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语
和定语、状语和宾补。
（1）动名词作主语（动名词做主语谓语动词用单数）动名词作主语表示抽象动作，指一件已知
的事或经验。
eg:①Driving a car on the crowded road is boring. ②Reading is my hobby.
句型: It’s no use/no good doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处
It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间
（2）常只用动名词作宾语的动词有：
admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,r
isk,resist,suggest等。
eg:①I can’t imagine marrying her. ②She managed to escape being punished.
以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：give up,belong to,look forward to,keep on,insist on,be
busy,get down to,be devoted to,have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful time (in)等。
eg:①I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. ②He gave up smoking three years.
（3）动名词作表语
动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某
件事”等。
eg： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）
(4)动名词可作定语
动名词可作定语，前置定语：一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示
“处于某件事情中的……”含义，后置定语：往往是一个词组或短语
eg:He often studies in the reading room.
现在分词
现在分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中作定语、状语、补语和表语。
1作定语
现在分词作定语，单个v-ing放在被修饰的名词前；如果短语作定语，则放在所修饰词的后
面。v-ing作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系，表示动作正在同时进行或经常性发生。
eg:①the falling leaves＝the leaves which are falling②the rising sun＝the sun which is rising
③I saw him go into the house facing south.
2作表语
现在分词作表语相当于形容词，常表示主语所具有的特征，含有主动意味。大多数使动词的
现在分词通常可作表语，常见的有：
interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasing,exciting,moving,disappointing,surprising,encouraging
等。
eg:①His story was very moving. ②The speech is really boring.
3作补语
现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，宾语与作补语的现在分词之间是主动关系。
后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词（五看二使二听一感觉see,look
at,watch,observe,notice,have,get，hear,listen to,feel）（少一个make）以及其他类动
leave,keep,catch,set等。表示动作正在进行。
eg:①I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday.
②Don’t leave him waiting outside the room.
4.作状语
动词-ing或其短语作状语时，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。表
示时间关系的动词-ing短语可由连词while或when引出。
eg:①Hearing the news,they got excited.(时间)
②Having finished his homework,she was playing on the playground.(原因)
③Studying hard,you are sure to get the first prize.(条件)
过去分词
过去分词既有副词的特征又有动词的特征，在句中可作定语、状语、补语、表语等成分。
（1）作定语
过去分词作定语，它和被修饰词之间是被动、完成关系，单个过去分词作定语放在前，过去
分词短语作定语放在后。其中及物动词的过去分词表示完成或被动概念，不及物动词的过去
分词只表示完成概念，没有被动的意味。
eg:①the risen sun ＝the sun which has risen ②fallen leaves＝leaves which has fallen
③This is the house built several years ago.(2)作补语
及物动词的过去分词作补语，和宾语之间构成被动关系。不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表状
态和完成。可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词（五看三使二听一感觉），以及其他类
动keep,leave,like,want,wish等。
eg:①I can’t get the car going. ②I had my leg broken last week.
(3)作表语
过去分词作表语表示被动意义，主语常是人，一般用来表示感受和状态，可以用作表语的常
见的过去分词有：
astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited,experienced,exhausted,frightened,interested,puzzled,quali
fied,satisfied,upset等,有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语。如：be interested in,be
satisfied with,be covered with,be dressed in,be seated,be locked等。能用这些分词作表语的系
动词有be,get,remain,stay等。
eg:①The door remained locked. ②We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech.
（4）作状语
过去分词在句中作状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在
句中可以作时间、条件、原因、方式、让步和伴随状语。
eg:①Tired out, they stopped to have a rest.(原因)
②Taken around the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look.
③Though warned of the danger ,he still went skating on the thin ice.
独立主格结构
非谓语动词的独立主格结构在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子（即：非谓语动词的逻辑
主语与主句主语不一致，须保留之后所构成的结构）。可放在句首或句尾，它的构成为“名
词或代词＋分词/不定式” 或“with＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式”。
（1）名词/代词＋不定式
名词或代词通常为动作的执行者，与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系，可位于句首或句末。
eg:He will send me ﹩100 first,the rest to follow in a year.
(2) 名词/代词＋现在分词
名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
eg①:Time permiting,we finish the work. ②Spring coming on,the trees turns green.
（3）名词/代词＋过去分词名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系
表关系。
eg: ①The sigal given,the bus started.
②Their strength exhausted,they sank down one by one.(表原因)
with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词
（1）with＋名词/代词＋不定式 不定式和宾语之间是被动关系，表示动作尚未发生。
eg:With nothing to do,they went out for a walk.（表原因）
(2)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词
宾语和动词-ing之间是主动关系，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。
eg:The boy slept with the light burning.（表伴随）
(3) with＋名词/代词＋过去分词 不定式和宾语之间是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。
eg:They stayed inside with the door locked.（表伴随）
常见动词后接to do不定式和doing动名词的意义不同的情况：
remember to do sth 记起要做某事 remember doing sth 记起做过某事
forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
regret to do sth 后悔要做某事 regret doing sth 后悔做过某事
go on to do sth 接着做另外一件事 go on doing sth 接着做同一件事
stop to do sth 停下来开始做另外一件某事stop doing sth 停止做正在做的某事
try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事
mean to do sth 打算（意欲，企图）做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事
can’t help （to） do sth 不能帮忙做某事 can’t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事
“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补（ do sth/doing sth）”的区别
感官动词＋宾语＋宾补（ do sth）表示事实或全过程
感官动词＋宾语＋宾补（doing sth）表示片段或进行
eg:The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.Did you see a pencil-box lying on the ground just now.
非谓语动词易错题型练习
1 (1)I regret ____ you that your mother is absent in Beijing.
⑵I don’t regret ____ her what I thought even if it might have upset her.
A. to tell B. to telling C. having told D. tell
2. ⑴We don’t allow _____ in the reading room. ⑵We don’t allow them _____ in the reading room.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. smoked
3.(1)___hard and you’ll make rapid progress in your English learning.
⑵___hard, you’ll make rapid progress in your English learning.
A. Working B. To work C. Work D. Worked
4. ⑴_____ , we went for a swim in the river. ⑵_____, so we went for a swim in the river.
A. Being hot B. It being hot C. As it hot D. It was hot
5.⑴I can’t help ____ when I hear that terrible noise. A. laughing B. laughed C. laugh D. being laughed
(2)I can’t help ____ the room, for I am very busy now. A. clean B. cleaning C. have clean D. cleaned
6.⑴_____from the tower, Dalian looks more beautiful.
⑵_____ from the tower, we can see our beautiful city .
A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Having seen
7. ⑴The sport meet ______ next week is of great importance.
⑵The sports meet ______ now is very important
⑶The sports meet ____ last week is of great importance.
A. holding B. being held C. to be held D. held
8.⑴He raised his voice in order to make us ___ him.
⑵He raised his voice in order to make himself _____.A. heard B. hearing C. hear D. to be heard
9.(1)He stood there with his eyes _________ his mother．
(2) He stood there, _______his mother．
A. staring at B. stared on C. fixing upon D. fixed upon
10.⑴Most of us went to see her, ____ some girls.
⑵Most of us went to see her, some girls ____.
A. include B. including C. included D. to include
11.⑴He was surprised to see some villagers ____ there.
⑵To his surprise, he saw some villagers _____ themselves.
A. seat B. seated C. seating D. to seat
12.⑴The man _____ Zhaosan used to live here.
⑵The man ____ himself Zhaosan used to lived here.
A. called B. calling C. to call D. call
13.⑴He had no choice but ________ at the bus-stop in the rain.
⑵He had nothing to do but ________ at the bus-stop in the rain.
A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. should wait.
14.(1) I’m not free this evening because I have a lot of things ______.
(2) He was so lazy that he had all of his washing ______.
A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. done
15.(1)He often see them _______ football on the playground.
⑵The missing boys were last seen _____ near the river.
A. playing B. played C. play D. to play
16.(1) We are considering ___up a new factory here in this town．
(2) We are considering how__ up a new factory here in this town．
(3) The boy is considered ____a good example to his classmates．A. setting B. to set C. to have set D. having set
17.(1) Mr Li is said ______ abroad? but I don’t know which country he studied in．
(2) Mr Li is said ______ abroad? but I don’t know which country he is studying in．
(3) Mr Li is said ______ abroad? but I don’t know which country he will study in.
A. to study B. to have studied C. to be studying D. having studied
18. (1)I insist that you ______ me my money back． (2)I insisted on your _____me my money back．
A. give B. to give C. giving D. would give
(3)The old man insisted that I ______ his wallet． A. has taken B. took C. should take D. had taken
19. (1)I don't enjoy _____ fun of others.
(2)I don't enjoy _____ fun of by others.
A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made
20.(1)If time _____, I'll go to see my friends tomorrow.
(2)Time _____, I'll go to see my friends tomorrow.
A. permitted B. permits C. permitting D. permit
21.(1)He had no choice but ____ aloud the text in the classroom..
(2)He did nothing but _____ aloud the text in the classroom..
A. reading B. to read C. read D. to be reading
22. (1)_____ a good writer, he has a lot of things to learn.
(2) ______ a good writer, he wrote a number of articles.
A. To be B. Being C. Having D. Done
23. (1) _____ his wallet ,he became very worried.
(2)______in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. having been lost
24.(1) Having finished homework,______.
(2) Having been finished, _______.
A. the homework was handed in B. the teacher praised him
C. he went home with his classmates D. and he went home quickly25. Finding her car stolen, ____.
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everyone D. She hurried to a policeman for help
26. (1) The teacher came in,____ the Ss. (2) The teacher came in,____ by the Ss.
A. following B. followed C. having followed D. being followed
27.(1)_____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.
(2) _____ a hand to the poor, he felt very happy.
A. give B. given C. to give D. giving
28.(1) Look around when ____ the street.
(2) Look around before you ____ the street
A. cross B. crossing C. be crossing D. to be crossing
29. (1)I would like to _____ the holiday with you, so I am sure I will come.
(2)I would like to ____ the holiday with you, but I was really busy last week.
A. spend B. spending C. have spent D. having spent
30. (1) The girl ____ in a colorful skirt looks beautiful.
(2) The mother ___ her son must be late for the work.
A. dressed B. dressing C. dressed D. dress
易错题型
1 A C 2 B A 3 C A 4 BD 5 B A 6 B A 7 C B D 8 C A 9 D A 10 B C
11 B C 12 AB 13 A C 14A D 15 C A 16 A B C 17 B C A 18 A CB
19 C D 20 B C 21 B C 22 AB 23 B C 24 CA 25D 26 A B
27 B D 28 B A 29 A C 30 A B
