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倒装句
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫倒装结构。如果
全部谓语放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。
一、完全倒装
1．时间状语now，then等，地点状语here，there, out，in，up，down，away等副词位于句首
①Here comes the bus. ②There goes the bell. ③Now comes your turn. ④Out went the children.
当代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。例如： ⑤Here it is. 在这儿。 ⑥Here he comes. 他来了。
2．当句首状语为表示时间或地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装
①在城市南部坐落着一家钢铁工厂。South of the city lies a big steel factory.
②从山谷里传来了一阵可怕的声音。 From the valley came a frightening sound.
3．表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”
1）形容词+连系动词+主语
出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授，格林教授及其他嘉宾。
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith, Professor Green and many other guests
2）过去分词+连系动词+主语
他们可以随心所欲的日子过去了。 Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
二、部分倒装
1．If引导的条件状语从句谓语动词为were, had或should时，可省去if，把那三个词挪至句首。
Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.
Were there enough hands, we should go on with the project.
Should I be free tomorrow, I will come to the party.
3．用于“形容词（或名词、动词）+as（though）引导的让步状语从句中”
①Pretty as she is, she is not clever. ②Try as he could, he might fall again.
如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。
①尽管他还是个孩子，他不得不去谋生。Child as he was, he had to make a living.
4. 用于否定词never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, at no time, not only+部分倒
装 but also+不倒装, not once，no sooner+部分倒装… than+不倒装…，hardly+部分倒
装… when+不
倒装和not until开头的句型中
①我再也不做这个了。 Never shall I do this again.
②他几乎不了解这个女人是谁。 Little did he know who the woman was.
③直到老师开始上课他才写完作业。 Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
④ 他刚迈出家门电话铃就响了。No sooner had he stepped out of the house than the phone rang.
⑤ 我刚到她们就要走了。 Hardly had I arrived when they had to leave.
5．用于only开头的句子（only后面跟副词、介词短语或状语从句）。
①只有以这种方式我们才能取得进步。 Only in this way can we make progress.
只有当他告诉我的时候我才意识到他陷入到了什么样的麻烦中。
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
6. 用于so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容，原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形
式相一致.若表示强调前句内容，则不倒装。
①He has been to beijing. So have I. ② Li Wei can't answer the question. Neither can I.Li Lei failed the exam, so he did. ④ Lucy likes paintings, so she does.
7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 祝你成功！May you succeed!
强调句
一、强调句的基本结构及用法：
强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上
“正是 …”等字眼。
其基本结构是：It+ be的适当形式+被强调成分+that (who)+其他成分
He bought the book in this shop yesterday.
→It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语he)
→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语the book)
→It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (强调地点状语in this shop)
【注意】
1. 在该强调结构中，It 无任何意义但不可以换成this或者that等。
It is (was)…that (who)…为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点
正是它和定语从句等的本质区别。
2. 关于that与who：
当被强调部分指人时，可以用who（被强调部分的人作主语或宾语时）或者whom（被强调部分的
人作宾语时)代替that；
当被强调部分指物时通常用that；当被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who
It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about．
当被强调部分是代词时，用who不用that。
当强调时间或地点或原因状语时，不能用 when / where /why代that(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时)。
在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be动词一律用单数is/was形式。
感叹句
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情
●句型Ⅰ：What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
1. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _______ it was!
A What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene
C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene.
●句型Ⅱ：What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
2. _____ big fish! When did you get them?
A. What B. What a C. How C. How a
●句型Ⅲ：What + 形容词 +不可数名词 +主语 +谓语。
3. _____ terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
●句型Ⅳ：How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
4. _______ picture it is!
A. How wonderful a B. What wonderful C. What wonderful a D. How a wonderful
●句型Ⅴ：How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。
5 . _____ different life today is ______ what it was 30 years ago!
A. What a; from B. What; from C. How; from D. How a; from●句型Ⅵ：How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语。
6. ______ quickly you walk!
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
●句型Ⅶ：How + 主语 + 谓语 +其它！
7. How I wish that every family had a car in China!
总上所述，标准的感叹句主要有以上七种基本句型，如果中心词是可数的复数名词和不可数名词只
能用what，不能用how; 但是，当中心词是单数可数名词时，要根据形容词和不定冠词的位置来决定
what 和how 的选择；如果中心词是副词或形容词时，只能用how, 不能用what。
如何判断用what还是用how来引导感叹句
方法一：凡是有a,an开头的，多用what；
方法二：凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what；
方法三：其它一般用how。
( ) 1.After that we never saw her again, nor ____ from her.
A．did we hear B．we heard C．had we heard D．
we have heard
( ) 2.Only in this way ____ progress in your English.
A．you make B．can you make C．you be able to make D．
will you able to make
( ) 3． ____ , he doesn't study well.
A．As he is clever B．He is as clever C．Clever as he is D．As clever he is
( ) 4．Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
A．didn't I realize B．did I realize C．I did't realize D．I realize
( ) 5．Not only ______ polluted but ______ crowded.
A．was the city; were the streets B．the city was; were the streets
C．was the city; the streets were D．the city was; the streets were
( ) 6．No sooner ______ than he realized that he should have remained silent.
A．had the words been spoken B．the words had spoken
C．the words had been spoken D．had the words spoken
( ) 7.Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____.
A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief
( ) 8．For a moment nothing happened. Then all shouting together.
A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come
( ) 9．I feel it is you as well as your wife that____ for your son’s bad performances at school.
A. are to blame B. are going to blame C. are to be blame D. is to be blamed
( ) 10．____to the doctor right away, he might have been alive today.A. If he went B. Had he gone C. Were he gone D. If he should go
( ) 11. Only when thousands of flowers bloom together .
A. spring will be considered here B. could spring be considering here
C. can spring be considered here D. spring can be considered here
( ) 12. Never in my life such a thing.
A. I have heard of or seen B. I had heard of or seen C. have I heard of or seen D. did I hear of or seen
( ) 13. Seldom TV during the day.
A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched D. do they watch
( ) 14. Hardly ______ the airport when he started for his Destination.
A．I had reached B．had I reached C．I had reached D．had I reached to
( ) 15.Scarcely ______ asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
A．she had fallen B．had she fallen C．she had fell D．had she fell
( ) 16. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.
A. was B. are C. were D. had been
( ) 17. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. which B. when C. that D. since
( ) 18. It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what, that B. that, that C. what, what D. that, what
( ) 19. It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.
A. what; that B. that; what C. that; which D. which; that
( )20. — Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?
— No, ______ only the two passengers who got hurt.
A. there were B. it were C. there was D. it was
( )21. It was not until 1936___baseball became a regular part of Olympic Games.
A. then B. which C. that D. when
( )22. ___in 1943___the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.
A. Only… that B. It was… then C. That it was… when D. It was… that
( )23. It was on the National Day___ she met with her separated sister.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
( )24. ___the 1500's___the first European explored the coast of California.
A. It was until……then B. It was not until … when
C. It is until……that D. It was not until……that
( )25. these ancient buildings in this city are!
A. What perfectly protected B.How perfect protected
C.How perfectly protected D.What perfect protected
( )26. ! You should take this chance to attend it.A.How important conference is it B. What an important conference it is
C.What an important conference is it D.How an important conference it is
( )27. it is for us to see that he does his work so well!
A.What surprise B.How surprise C.What a surprise D.How a surprise
( )28. for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!
A.What exciting is it B.How exciting is it C.What exciting it is D.How exciting it is
( )29. he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!
A.What a good advice B.How a good advice C.What good advice D.How good advice
( )30.We haven’t seen each other for many months. !
A.What I missed you B.What did I miss you C.How I missed you D.How did I miss you
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