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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：02 情态动词用法考点扫描+巩固练习+答案
【要点速览】
一、表能力的情态动词； 二、表推测的情态动词；
三、表必须的情态动词； 四、表请求允许的情态动词；
五、表示对已经发生的事情的推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等情态动词结构
【高考真题展示】
【考例1】（2021年天津卷第一次）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another
person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A．need B．should C．could D．must
答案与解析：C。考查情态动词推测功能。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，
表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。
故选C。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。
【考例2】（2021年天津卷第二次） ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made B. should have made C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made
答案与解析：A。考查情态动词推测用法。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；
C.couldnt have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选
A。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。
【考例3】（2020·天津）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A．must B．can C．need D．should
答案与解析：B。考查情态动词表示允许。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干
净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it
clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里，表示在一定条
件下的允许。故选B。
【考例4】（2017年天津卷） My room is a mess, but I ___________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can
do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
答案与解析：C。A. 不敢；B. 不应该；C. 不需要；D. 禁止。根据转折词but和后面的解释“我可以早上打扫”，由此可以提看出“今晚上外出之前没有打扫的必要”，故选C。句意：我的房间很乱，但是
在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以早晨打扫。
【考例5】（2019·天津·高考真题）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.
A．need have practised B．might practise
C．must have practised D．could practise
答案与解析：C。考查情态动词跟不定式完成时的推测作用。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有
把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习
了很多次。
【重要考点解读】
一、can/could/be able to
can表示“能、会”，过去式是could, could表示提出委婉的请求时不表示时态，注意在回答中不可用
could，而用can。be able to可以用于各种时态，表示特定的某一过去能力只用was/were able to。
【考例1】（2018年北京卷） In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious
problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
答案与解析：C。考查情态动词。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，
故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must
必须，肯定。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。
【考例2】（2017年北京卷）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ___________ easily reach the books on
the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
答案与解析：C。A. must 必须；B. should应该；C. can能；D. need需要。根据最高的男生和够上层的
书知道他有这个能力，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的
男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。
【考例3】 (XXXX全国卷II)I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.
A. can B. might C. would D. need
答案与解析：A。“跟约翰一起到欧洲度假”的前提条件是“我能弄到钱”，表示“能”用can。
二、may/might/must/can/could
may的过去式是might，表示推测时其可能性比might大。must表示推测只用于肯定句，语气最强，意思是“想必、一定”，否定推测用can't/couldn't表示“肯定不、一定不”，can/could表示推测用于疑问句
和否定句中。
【考例1】(XXXX重庆卷)You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. will D. shall
【答案与解析】A。根据“这些年你一点也没有变化”看出是对现在的肯定推测，must 表示很有把握
的推测“你肯定是卡罗”。
【考例2】 (XXXX安徽卷) It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise,
because you know a lot of words.
A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t
【答案与解析】B。根据后面的原因状语从句的解释看出是对过去的否定推测，即“不可能”，是
must表示推测的否定形式。
三、must/have to/need
must和have to两个词都有“必须”的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，有人称、数、时态的变化；
must 表示主观上的必要，只有一种形式，但可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。在否定结构中
don't have to 表示"不必", 相当于needn't，而mustn't 表示“禁止”。need作为情态动词用在疑问句和否定
句，不用在肯定句，否定形式可以缩写为needn’t。
【考例1】（XXXX四川卷)You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!
A. must B. may C. can D. will
【答案与解析】A。B意为“可能”；C意为“能够、有时会"；D意为"会、愿意"。根据下文的it
costs可知“照相机很昂贵”，因此说话人提出要求“你一定要非常小心对待照相机”，must用于第二、三
人称表示说话人命令或者要求别人做某事。
【考例2】（2017年天津卷） My room is a mess, but I ___________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can
do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案与解析】C。A. 不敢；B. 不应该；C. 不需要；D. 禁止。根据句意，故选C。句意：我的房间很
乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以早晨打扫。
四、can/could/may/must
can/could可以表示“请求允许”，could的语气更加委婉，但是在肯定的答句中不用could,用can。
may跟can一样在疑问句中表示“请求允许”，否定句中常用mustn't表示“不可以、禁止、不许”。must用于疑问句中表示询问对方意图，肯定句回答用must，否定句回答不用mutn't，而是用needn't或don't have
to。
【考例1】(XXXX北京卷) ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.
A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should
【答案与解析】A。根据It won’t take long“不会太久”看出是请求跟对方谈一谈，can符合题意。
【考例2】(XXXX重庆卷）----____ you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?
---- Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.
A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would
【答案与解析】C。根据“难道看不见我在打电话吗？”看出表示责怪，有“偏偏”的意思，must跟
第二人称连用在疑问句中有此意，意思是“偏偏、偏要”。
五、情态动词+不定式完成时
“情态动词+have done”结构既可以用来表示与过去事实相反的情况，也可以表示对已经发生的事情的
推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等。要注意每一个情态动词都含有相应的说话者的语气，所以我们既要了解每个
情态动词的基本用法，又要体会说话者的语气。接下来我们逐个解析。
（一）表示推测的“情态动词+have done”
1.must have done
情态动词must+have done只用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行肯定的推测，意为"过去
一定做过某事"。如：
It must have rained last night，for the road is all wet.
昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为路还湿着。
【典题】---Hurry up, Michael! It's ten to three.
---Goodness me! The class_________have begun. I'll be late again.
【答案与解析】must。从Goodness me! “天哪”的惊呼可以看出对开始上课的肯定推测，推测上课的
动作必定已经发生。句意是：肯定开始上课了。
2.can't /couldn't have done
表示对过去发生的事情或状态的否定的推测，用can't have done/couldn't have done，意为“过去不可能
做过，肯定没做过”，与must have done正好相反。can/could表示推测也可以用在疑问句中。如：
I can't remember when we went to Beijing but could it have been sometime last autumn?
我不记得我们什么时候去过北京，会不会是去年秋天的某个时候?【典题】---Where can Margaret have put the empty bottles?
---She can't________(throw) them away. They must be somewhere.
【答案与解析】have thrown。根据问句的can have put看出是对过去的事实进行推测，所以答句的否定
句是can’t have done结构。
3.may/might+have done
情态动词may/might+have done表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不确定的推测，might语气稍弱
一点儿，只能用于肯定句和否定句中，表示“过去可能做过某事或过去可能没做过某事”。如：
You might /may (not) have read about it in the newspapers.
你可能在报上已经看过(还没有看过)这个消息。
【典题】---I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.（改编自XXXX·
江苏卷）
---How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might ______(steal) it.
【答案与解析】have stolen。根据包都找回来了，看出推测某人把包偷去的可能性显得就很小了， 根
据gave看出所推测的steal动作应该发生在过去，所以用might have done结构。
（二）表示与事实情况相反的“情态动词+have done”
1.should/shouldn’t (ought to/oughtn’t to) have done
表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式
为“should not have done／ought not to have done”，表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。 如：
You should have known better than to go mountain climbing alone.
你本来不该笨得单独去爬山。
You oughtn't to have crossed the road when the lights were red.
你不该在红灯时过马路。
【典题】---- I’m sorry for being late. I ________(shall phone) you earlier.(改编自2012陕西卷）
----That’s all right. I’ve just arrived.
【答案与解析】should have phoned。根据前句的道歉和 earlier可知phone本来该早点发生的，用
should have done结构表示自责。
【典题】He oughtn’t ________ (tell) me your secret, but he meant no harm.
【答案与解析】to have told。根据后面的过去式谓语动词meant可知tell动作应该已经发生，再根据转
折词but可以看出是“本来不该告诉”的意思，情态动词ought后跟不定式to，所以用to have told。【考例】(XXXX福建卷) —Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You________have made full preparations.
A. must B. can C. would D. should
【答案与解析】D。根据it's too bad看出是妈妈责怪没能做充分准备，意思是“你本该充分准备
的”，但是事实上没有，用should have done结构。
2.could have done
could have done表示“过去本来能够做某事”，但实际上没有做。如：
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
【典题】Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he ______(can express) it differently.
【答案与解析】could have expressed。根据前一分句的过去式谓语动词和转折词but看出是“本来可以
用不同的方式表达”，用could have done结构。
3.needn’t have done
表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。注意情态动词need不用于肯定句，仅用于疑问句和否
定句。如：
I needn't have bought so much wine — only five people came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
【典题 1】The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I needn't ______ (take) the trouble to carry my
umbrella with me.
【答案与解析】have taken。根据yesterday和fine的提示看出是“本来没有必要带伞”，事实上昨天
却带了伞，用needn’t have done结构。
【典题2】I needn’t______ (worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly
to me.（改编自XXXX天津卷）
【答案与解析】have worried。根据for的解释“在这里我的同学对我非常友好”看出担心是没有必要
的，现在不担心了，所以用needn’t have done表示本来没有必要做某事。
4.daren’t have done
情态动词dare用于疑问句或者否定句中，不用于肯定句，该结构表示“过去不敢做某事”。
He daren’t have left without your permission. 当时没有你的许可我是不敢离开的。【跟踪训练1】
根据提示用适当的情态动词完成句子，每空一词。
1. My brother was very ill, so I _____ ______ ______ (必需叫) the doctor in the middle of the night.
2. He ______ ______ _______ _______ (他能去) to the party yesterday evening though it rained heavily.
3. ______ ______ ______ (你能拎起) this heavy box? I'm afraid you are not strong enough.
4. ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you _______ .
5. ---- May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you ________ .
6. ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- No, you ______ _____ _____ / you _____ .
7. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you ______ know what he likes best.
8. ---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you _______ . / No, you ______.
9. You _____ _____ _______ _______ (本来能做得更好) , but you didn’t try your best.
10. She ______ ______ _______ ________ (本不该拿走) my dictionary, for I wanted to use it.
11. It _______ ______ ________ (肯定下雨了) last night, for the ground is wet.
12. ---- What on earth has happened to George?
---- I don't know. He _______ ______ ______ ______ (也许迷路了) .
13. You ______ _____ _______ _______ (本应该帮) him, but you didn't.
14. It’s seven o'clock. Jack ______ ________ ______ (应该到这儿) at any moment.
15. She _____ ______ ______ ________ (本该出席) your birthday party,but she had to look after her mother
in hospital.
Keys:
1. had to call 2.was able to go
3. Can you lift 4.can
5.mustn’t /may not 6. don’t have to; needn’t
7.must 8.must; needn’t/don't have to
9.could have done better 10. shouldn't have taken away
11.must have rained 12.may/might have got lost
13. ought to have helped 14.should be here
15. ought to have attended【跟踪训练2】
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. ---- Please give my best regards to your parents.
---- Yes, I ______.
A.can B.may C.will D.shall
2. He _______ had to go because of somebody's calling him that day.
A.have to B.might C.needed D.had to
3. ---- When can Peter borrow you the book?
---- He ______ have the book when I finish reading.
A.shall B.need C.dare D.might
4. — Need I finish the work today?
— Yes, you _______ .
A.may B.must C.need D.shall
5. ---- Could I use you computer two minutes later?
---- Yes, you ______.
A.can B.could C.have to D.need
6. When I lived at home, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
A.can B.could C.had to D.ought
7. ---- Shall I tell the Peter the news?
---- No, you______. We've told him already.
A.wouldn't B.needn't C.mustn't D.won't
8. Mr. Smith _______ have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
A. mustn't B.shouldn't C.wont D.can't
9. ---- Ought he to go right now?
---- Yes. I think he ______.
A.ought to B. should to C.need D.can
10. ---- Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---- Well, I _____, so I didn't hear it.
A.could have slept B.would have slept
C.must have been sleeping D.was able to sleep
II. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。1. 这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
At this moment, out teacher ______ our exam papers.
2. 我不知道他在哪儿，也许在武汉。
I don't know where she is. She ______ .
3. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
If Tom didn't leave until five o'clock, he _________ .
4. 是我来给你们盛汤, 还是你们愿意自己来?
Shall I serve out the soup or _______ to help yourselves?
5. 他本没有必要亲自来，打个电话就可以了。
He __________ in person. A telephone would have been enough.
6. 这部剧没意思。我真的必须现在就走。
The play is not interesting. I _________ now.
7. 这不可能是校长，他去美国了。
It _________ . He has gone to America.
8. 你们学习外语一天也不要中断。
You _______ foreign languages for even a day.
9. 我尽力回想到底会出了什么事, 但什么也想不起来。
I tried to think _______ , but nothing suggested itself.
10. 她本该昨天回信，但她却忘了。
She ________ the letter yesterday, but it went right out of her mind.
Keys:
I. 1-5 CDABA 6-10 BBDAC
II. 1. must be correcting 2.may/might be in Wuhan 3.can't be home yet 4.would you like
5.needn't have come 6.really must go 7.can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster 8 .mustn' t give up
studying 9.what could have happened 10.should have answered
