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定语从句
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词的句子。被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which，as等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，去掉之后意思不
明确。非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，与主句往往用逗号隔开，相当于并列句或状
语从句等。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. （限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. （非限制性）
限制性定语从句
1.关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that 先行词是人，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （who/that在从句中作主语，不能省略）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. （whom/that在从句中作宾语，可以省略）
2）whose 先行词是人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.
3）which, that先行词是物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. （作被动语态的主语）
The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. （在句中作宾语）
4) as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：
such+名词+as..,像······一样的，像······之类的 such(pron.)+as一像······一样的，像······之类
的
the same+名词+as...和······同样的
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(as作主语)
This book is not such as I expect.这不是我期望的书。(as作宾语)
I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书。(as作宾语)
2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结
构交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）此外，当先行词为situation case,stage point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关
系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
3) 关系副词when,where可用于非限制性定语从句中，而关系副词why不可以。
注： 判断关系代词与关系副词
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用
关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用
上。
非限制性定语从句
1.关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略。
I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning.(which不能省略)
2. who(主语，宾语)，whom(宾语)，which(主语，宾语)不能用that代替。
This is New York, which I have visited for several times. (which不能用that取代)
3. which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是个句子。
He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy. ( 先行词为一句话)
4. 关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为句子，as在从句中作主语、宾语, 通常放句首。
As we know, China was developing country.我们知道，中国是个发展中国家。
As is known to us all, China is in the east of Asia.众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部。
5. 在非限制性定语从句中，介词+which/whom从句结构中的介词不能移到从句的后面
说明：关系代词 tha t 和关系副词 wh y 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
关系代词用法的特殊情况：
1）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a） 主句是there be 句型，关系词在从句中做主语，只用that，不用which。
b） 先行词是不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等时，
只
用that，不用which.
c） 先行词有the only, the very，the right，the last，just，some，any,no
,all,few,little,much
等修饰时，只用that。
d） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级或前面有这些词修饰时，只用that。.
e） 先行词既有人，又有物时。
2）关系代词只能用which不用that的情况
a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例：（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous
here.
b） 介词后不能用。
例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
c)先行词后面有插入语时，只用which不用that。
Here is the English grammar book, which, As I've told you,will help you improve your English.
d)先行词本身就是that时。只用 which不用that.
What's that which flashed through the sky just now?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么?
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.Is there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
1~5 A C D C A 6~10 C A A AA 11~15 C D D A D 16~20 D B B C B 21~25 D C D A A
26~30 C A D D B 31~35 A B A D C 36~40 B D D A B
