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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：05 重点语法易错易混点（状语从句定语从句名词性从句辨析）
易错点 1 状语从句引导词的误用
调研 1（1）He had no sooner arrived home ________ he was asked to start on another
journey.
（2）He had hardly fallen asleep _______ he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.
【易错分析】本组是两个固定句型，表示“一......就......”。
第（1）题，根据no sooner用than，注意到比较级形式sooner就可以看出后用than。
第（2）题，根据hardly确定用when，即hardly(scarcely)......when。如果no sooner或
hardly(scarcely)置于句首，则主句用部分倒装结构。
调研2 （1）_______ the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.
（2）I stopped suddenly _______ case he should think that I was showing off.
（3）I've decided to learn photography ________ order that I may better appreciate the
beauty of nature.
（4）Man differs from beasts _______ that the former is able to laugh, while the latter aren't.
（5）I shall give you the dictionary ________ condition that you return in no later than
tomorrow.
【易错分析】本组是关于包含介词的引导状语从句的连词的辨析。
第（1）题，根据主句的将来完成时看出前面表示“到......为止”，用by the time引导
时间状语从句。
第（2）题，根据句意和case看出是in case，引导目的状语从句。
第（3）题，in order that引导目的状语从句。
第（4）题，in that引导原因状语从句。
第（5）题，on condition that“如果，假如，条件是”，引导条件状语从句。
调研3 （1）The exhibits were ______ interesting that we could hardly tear ourselves away
from them.
（2）_______ a good article did he write that he won the award.（3）Communication between old and young people is not ______ difficult as you think.
（4）______ long as there is adequate rainfall, the people will soon recover from the effects
of these difficulties.
（5）He was happy because he thought that he had come in time, ______ though it was at
the last moment.
（6）He talks about Rome ______ though he had been there himself.
（7）His brothers had shown their disapproval of him ever_____ he first went away to
school.
（8）______ that it is very cold, you should take care of yourself!
【易错分析】本组是关于引导状语从句的连接词与副词或形容词连用的情况。
第（1）题和第（2）题用引导结果状语从句的连词，第（1）题，句型so...that...中的
so是副词，修饰形容词或副词，第（2）题such...that...中的such是形容词，修饰名词，结
构为such+a(an)+adj. +n / such+adj.+n (不可数名词或可数名词复数)。
第（3）题，根据后面的as看是比较级，前面用副词as或so，在as...as...结构中，前面
的as是副词，当用so时仅用于否定句，后面的as是连词。
第（4）题，连词as(so) long as引导条件状语从句，意思是“只要”。
第（5）题，even though引导让步状语从句，也用作even if。
第（6）题，as if/ as though意思是“似乎，好像”，在此引导方式状语从句（注意从
句中用的是虚拟语气had been，表示与过去事实相反），从结构上看很容易与引导让步状
语从句的连词even if, even though混淆。
第（7）题，根据前面的过去完成时和副词ever的提示，确定用since，ever since意思
是“此后一直，自…以来直至现在”，副词ever起着加强语气的作用。
第（8）题，根据句子看出是因果关系，前面应该是原因状语从句，that前面应该是
now，即now that表示“既然”，引导原因状语从句，主要接一般现在时、现在完成时，
连词since也可表示“既然”，但其后可接各种时态的从句。
调研4 （1）I was so familiar with her that I recognized her voice ______ (direct) I picked
up the phone.
（2）_______ (see) that there is often poor visibility, the site chosen as an airport is not
appropriate.
（3）_______ (provide) that you exercise proper care, there is no reason why you shouldn't
live to a great age.（4）_______ (suppose) they didn't believe it, how should we convince them?
（5）______ (give) that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.
（6）He passed through a difficult period _______ (short) after his marriage broke down.
【易错分析】本组题是考查关于引导状语从句的引导词的情况，涉及引导词中的词形
问题。
第（1）题，空处是时间状语从句，用副词形式directly，作连词用，意思是“一......
就......”，类似用法的词语还有immediately, instantly, 用法和意义等同于as soon as。
第（2）题，空处是原因状语从句，seeing that相当于意思是“由于，考虑到”，句意
是：鉴于这里能见度经常欠佳，所以选为机场是不适当的。
第（3）题，Provided/Providing that意思是“以...为条件, 假如”，引导条件状语从
句。
第（4）题，suppose/supposing (that) 引导条件状语从句，意思是“假如，假设”。
第（5）题，given（that）意思是“在有……的情况下；如果有……；假定……；考虑
到……”，引导条件状语从句。
第（6）题，shortly after意思是“在......之后不久”，后面接时间状语从句。shortly是
副词，修饰连词after。
调研5（1）There are a small number of people involved, possibly ______ twenty.
(2) 变式 1：I've sometimes counted ______ twenty people standing around the meat
counter, and now look----only two ladies ahead of us.
(3) 变式2：Each man knew that unless he did ______ ever he could, Crass would report
him for being slow.
(4) 变式 3：By the end of the decade, the new equipment should too widely available,
costing ______ $200.
A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as
【参考答案】（1）A (2) C (3) D (4) B
【考点设置】①考查比较级结构as…as…；②考查few与little区别；③考查many与
much区别。
【答案解析】题（1）根据people看出修饰可数名词，再根据a small number of知道强
调数量少，故选A。
题（2）根据only two ladies ahead of us看出以前是很多的，再根据people知道修饰可
数名词复数，故选C。题（3）表示所做出的事情，是不可数名词，用much修饰，故选D。
题（4）根据too widely知道价格不会高，再根据后面的$200看出修饰的是money，即
修饰不可数名词，而且是否定，故选B。
调研6 （1）Not ________ the civil war is over will it be possible and necessary to regard
economic construction as the centre of all our work.
（2）The game has little meaning _______ you do your best to win.
（3）The game has little meaning _______ you don’t your best to win.
【易错分析】（1）从will it be的倒装结构，结合until从句的句意，确定是表示“直
到......才......”，用not until，否定副词置于句首时，句子的位于部分用部分倒装结构。
第（2）题，根据主句的否定词 little和后面的do your best to win 看出是表示“除
非......”，用unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if... not，如第（3）题用if，即if... not...。
调研7 （1）If you employ us as your salesmen, the profit will be three times as high _____
it is now.
（2）If you employ us as your salesmen, the profit will be three times higher ______ it is now.
（3）She is senior _______ me, since she joined the firm before me.
【易错分析】本组是关于比较等级表达的句子。
第（1）题，根据前面的as看出是用表示倍数的句型：A is x times as... as B。
第（2）题，根据前面higher看出是表示倍数的句型: A is x times +比较级+ than B。
第（3）题，senior本身就是比较级形式，但是它是外来语，比较对象前用介词 to，类
似的还有junior, major, minor等。
调研8 （1）Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread
to new places.
（2）Just _______ a single world can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence
can change the meaning of a paragraph.
【易错分析】第（1）题，结果状语从句，“一些动物把种子从一个地方带到另一个地
方”是“植物能够扩撒到新的地方”的结果。
第（2）题，方式状语从句，句意：正如一个单词可以改变句子的意思那样，一个句子
也能够改变一个段落的意思。
调研9（1）Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, you could
have problems.
A. or B. and C. but D. so(2) 变式1：Turn off the computer before closing all programs, you will have no
problems.
(3) 变式 2：She turned off the computer before closing all programs, _____ she still had
some problems.
（4）变式3：She forms a habit of turning off the computer before closing all programs,
_________ she hasn’t have any problems up to now.
【参考答案】（1）A (2) B (3) C （4）D
【考点设置】①考查并列连词之间的区别；②考查并列连词与从属连词区别。
【答案解析】题（1）前一分句是否定句，并列连词or用于否定句，and多用于肯定
句，故选A，相当于If you don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, you could
have problems.。
题（2）根据前后的句子结构看出属于句型“祈使句+and+陈述句”，故选B，相当
于：If you turn off the computer before closing all programs, you will have no problems. 或者：
Turning off the computer before closing all programs, you will have no problems.。
题（3）根据后一分句“依然有问题”看出表示转折关系，用并列连词but。
题（4）前后句子之间是因果关系，用从属连词so表示“所以，因此”，故选D。
答案速查
1.（1）than （2）when 2. （1）By （2）in （3）in （4）in （5）on 3.
（1）so （2）Such （3）as/so （4）As / So （5）even （6）as （7）ever （8）Now 4.
（1）directly （2）Seeing（3）Provided/Providing （4）Suppose/Supposing （5）Given
（6）shortly
6. （1）until （2）unless （3）if 7. （1）as （2）than （3）to 8. （1）so（2）as
牛刀小试
在横线上填上适当词（每空一词）或用括号内所给词适当形式完成句子。
1. He _________ (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university
next year.
2.You seem to have a ready-made answer every time she_____ (ask) you a question.
3. Though _______ (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.5. ______ curious were the couple about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to
Madagascar for further research.
6. Quiet student _______ he may be , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
7. If only he ______ (lie) quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
参考答案：
三、1.will have learned 2.asks 3. lacking 5.So 6.as 7.had lain
易错点 2 定语从句关系词的误用
调研1 （1）A victim is a person, animal, or thing _______ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.
（2）It is only a man who is quite experienced ______ can fulfill this task.
（3）I would like to express my thanks for all _______ you have done.
（4）I would like to express my thanks for _______ you have done.
【易错分析】第（1）题，定语从句的先行词即指人，又指物，关系代词用that，从句
缺少主语，用关系代词作定语从句主语。
第（2）题，在“It is+名词＋定语从句＋that/who从句”的强调结构中，被强调部分指
人时通常可以用 that或who，但是如果前面 who引导的定语从句，则后一个从句要用
that，不用who，目的是为了避免重复。
第（3）题，先行词是是all, much, little, the one, anything, something, nothing, everything,
none等不定代词时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。
第（4）题，介词for后跟的是宾语从句，用what，连接代词在所引导的宾语从句中作
宾语，what相当于all that。
调研2 （1）The way _______ he thought of to solve the problem was practical in deed.
（2）The thought of the way in ______ she had been treated made her angry.
（3）The thought of the way ______ she had been treated made her angry.
【易错分析】本组题是关于way作为先行词的定语从句辨析。
第（1）题，定语从句中介词of缺少宾语，用关系代词作宾语，先行词指物可以用that
或which。
第（2）题，定语从句中的成分相对完整，不缺少主要成分，根据先行词 way看出关
系词在从句中作方式状语，根据in this way短语看出in后用关系代词which。第（3）题，先行词是way，表示方式的in which可以用that代替，此时的that也可以
省掉。
调研3（1）We hope to get such a good tool he is using.
（2）He has such a useful tool we want to have one too.
【易错分析】第（1）题，such…as (the same… as) 中的as 是一种固定结构, 意思是
“和……一样……”，其中的as是关系代词，引导的是定语从句，as本身在从句中作主
语、宾语或者表语。句中的as作及物动词use的宾语。注意，这里不能用that，因为用that
表示的是“同一个”的概念，也就是要他现在正在使用的工具，这与句意不符。
第（2）题，与第（1）题相似，但是从句中不缺少成分，所以不是定语从句，是结果
状语从句，属于such...that...句型。
调研4 The house I grew up in it has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
________
【易错分析】仅根据句意看in it应该没有问题，但从语法上看，先行词house后省了
在定语从句中作介词in的宾语的关系代词that/which，补全就是：The house that/which I
grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building。It与关系代词that/which重
复。
调研5 An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area where interact
with one another. ________
【易错分析】题中定语从句的先行词是the living and nonliving things，area不是先行
词，不能想当然认为area是指地点的名词就用where。从句缺少主语，用关系代词that/whi
ch。
调研6 （1）Is your brother the only one in your hometown ____ is an electrical engineer?
（2）Is your brother an electrical engineer in your hometown, ____ you haven’t been to for
ten years?
【易错分析】定语从句和先行词之间有时被其他成分隔开，这样的定语从句就叫隔离
定语从句，此时要注意定语从句所修饰的词到底是哪一个，即要明确哪一个是先行词。
第（1）题，先行词是指人的the only one, 关系词在定语从句作主语，用who/that；
第（2）题，关系词引导的的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 hometown, 关系词在定
语从句中作介词to的宾语，用which。
调研 7 （1）Do you still remember the day ____ which you first came to Beijing
University?（2）Do you still remember the year ____ which you first came to Beijing University?
【易错分析】在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，介词的选用要考虑到与先行词与从句中
的动词、形容词、名词之间的搭配关系。第（1）题，由先行词day知具体日期，故介词用
on；第（2）题，句中的先行词year指年份，故介词用in。
答案速查
1. （1）that （2）which （3）that （4）that （5）what 5. （1）that/which （2）
which （3）that 6. （1）as （2）but （3）which （4）that 7. 去掉it 8. where 改为
that/which 9. （1）who（2）which 10. （1）on（2）in
牛刀小试
一、单句改错。下列各句都有一处错误，请指出并改正。
1. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.
2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago,
where it was so poorly equipped.
3. They will fly to Kunming, there they plan to stay for two or three days, and go on to
Guilin.
4. Mrs. Black took the police back to the same place as she witnessed the robbery.
5. He was hiding behind the door from which he could see what was happening.
6. I'll never forget the days which I worked together with you.
7. This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
8. It is known to us, smoking is harmful to one's health.
9. This is so heavy a stone as no one can lift it.
10. In spite of the fact which he is over sixty, he is still full of spirit.
10. They want very much to visit Beijing, _____ there are many well-known places of
interest.
三、在横线上填上适当的关系词，使句子完整通顺。
5. They arrived in New York at the same time ____ we did.
10. During the month _____ we went camping in the national park, we had a terrible
experience.
13. The boy and the dog ______ are in the picture are very lovely.
14. He is a foreigner, _______ I know from his accent.
15. He is the same student _____ came this morning. His name is Peter Li.Two years later, he got to England, ________ lies to the north of France.
参考答案
一、 1. 把which改为that, 或在which前加上in，或是把which删掉 2. 把where改
为when 3. there 改为where 4. as 改为where 5. which 改为where 6.
which改为when，或在which前加上in 7. where改为that或which，或者删掉where 8.
It改为As 9. as改为that或去掉it（去掉it之后，as引导的就是定语从句了：so...as)
10. which改为that 在there前加where
三、 5. as 10. when 13. that 14. as/which 15. that which
易错点 3 名词性从句引导词的误用
调研 1 The reason why he was late was because he missed the train by one minute this
morning. ________
【易错分析】当主语是reason时，表语从句用that引导而不是because，以避免二者语
义重复。但是可以用句型That is because …，句型中从属连词because引导表语从句，意为
“这是因为……”；That’s why…，句型中从属连词why引导表语从句，意为“这就是为
什么……”。because改为that
调研2 That occurred to her that she might as well talk it over with her friend. _________
【易错分析】that引导的句子是主语从句，句首应该是 it作形式主语，只有it可以作
形式主语或形式宾语，句型it occur to sb. that…意思是“某人突然想起……”。That改为It
调研3 （1）I'd like to know ______ you have double rooms available on the 4th?
（2）It doesn’t matter ____ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the
park.
（3）______ you have double rooms available on the 4th hasn’t been known so far.
（4）The question of ______ you have double rooms available on the 4th hasn’t been
answered so far.
（5）The question ________ the students answered correctly should be decided by the
teacher.
（6）______ we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is to sit in front of
the tube and let it happen.（7）_______ it were not for this shortcoming, he were a fairly good teacher.
【易错分析】本组是关于whether与if的用法问题。第（1）题，引导宾语从句，一般
既可用whether也可用if，or not紧跟whether之后时，只能用whether不用if。在强调任意
选择时,用whether…or,此时不用if替换whether，如第（2）题，用whether。whether和or
一起还有“不管”之意,引导让步状语从句，如第（6）题。引导名词性从句的时候，除了
放在后面的主语从句可以用if来引导，其他的都要用whether。第（3）题引导的是主语从
句，第（4）题引导的是介词后的宾语从句，第（5）题引导的是同位语从句。第（7）题，
根据谓语动词的虚拟语气看出是 if引导的虚拟条件句，if可以引导条件状语从句，而
whether不引导条件状语从句。
调研4 （1）The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you
are better than anyone else on the sports field.
（2）If you totally believe ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field, you
maybe succeed at the highest level.
（3）_____I believe is that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
【易错分析】本组题是关于连接词that与连接代词what引导名词性从句的辨析。
第（1）题，belief所跟从句对其内容进行解释说明，从句不缺成分，因此是同位语从
句。that引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不作任何成分。
第（2）题，及物动词believe后跟宾语从句，从句不缺成分，用连接词that。
第（3）题，主语从句缺少主语，连接代词what作主语。
调研5 He said that French was the most beautiful tongue in the world, and we must keep it
among us.
【易错分析】that引导宾语从句作动词及物动词said的宾语，当一个谓语动词带有两
个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时，最后一个引导词that不可以省掉。在and后加that
调研6 （1）I never understand ______ it came about that you were an hour late on such a
short journey.
（2）Nobody knows for a certainty ______ became of the horses, or how he got rid of them.
（3）She told them how her husband had taken the money and never told her _______ he did
with it.
（4）Now in determining _______we deal with this issue, we must find the answer to a very
important, but simple question: who threatens the peace?
（5）At first Andrew didn’t know _____ I was. A month later, he found out I was a doctor.（6）I was exhausted, not hoping to move a bit. What I wanted to know was ______ far it was.
（7）When he returned, I asked him _______ he liked it."Terrible,"was his answer.
（8）When he returned, I asked him _______ he thought of it."Terrible,"was his answer.
【易错分析】本组试题是关于how与what在特定句型中的搭配问题。how与what本
来是两个特殊疑问词，在名词性从句中可以分别作为连接副词和连接代词，引导名词性从
句。其中的有些搭配是固定的，需要牢记。第（1）、（2）题，表示“发生.....”的句型，
become of与what连用，come about与how连用。第（3）、（4）题，表示“处理、对
付、处置”，do with与what连用，deal with与how连用。第（5）题，根据后面的a doctor
看出是“不知道我的职业”，用what are you句型。第（6）题，根据not hoping to move a
bit看出是想知道“多远”，用how far表示距离。第（7）、（8）题，询问对方的观点看
法，用what do you think of...? How do you like...?。
调研 7 （1）What has not yet been announced is how________ the English evening will
last. Perhaps 2 hours.
（2）No one knows how ______ will the result be announced. Perhaps in two hours.
【易错分析】特殊疑问词用在名词性从句中保留其本来的意思，他们之间的区别主要
在所表达的意义上。“how+副词/形容词”,表示“多久”用how long；表示“还要多久”
用how soon。
调研 8 From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its
surface is covered by water.
(2) 变式 1：About seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. This is
from space, the earth looks blue.
(3) 变式2：The reason _______ from space the earth looks blue is that about seventy-one
percent of its surface is covered by water.
A. why B. how C. because D. whether
【参考答案】（1）C (2) A (3) A
【考点设置】①考查表语从句引导词的区别；②考查主语从句的引导词区别。
【答案解析】题（1）前面的句子表示结果，后面的句子表示原因，用because引导表
语从句。题（2）前面的句子表示原因，后面的句子表示结果，用 why引导表语从句。题
（3）reason后的从句表示结果，所以是why引导的定语从句，如果从句的内容是表示理
由，则是that引导的同位语从句，故选A。
调研9 （1）In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, it is discovered, willcreate many economic possibilities around the world.
(2) 变式1：She says that her cell phone helps her do she wants to do and still
stay in touch with her parents and friends.
(3) 变式2：Two copies of newspapers would both have the same news, so I
read first would spoil the other.
(4) 变式3：It's obvious that became security for those chairs and tables would
have to pay for them.
A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever
【参考答案】（1）C (2) A (3) D （4）B
【考点设置】①考查连词wh-ever词义之间的区别；②考查wh-ever引导的状语从句和
名词性从句。
【答案解析】题（1）连接副词wherever引导让步状语从句，也可以看作是地点状语
从句。题（2）whatever引导让步状语从句，whatever是连接代词，在所引导的从句中作及
物动词sell的宾语。题（3）whichever引导主语从句，本身在所引导的主语从句中作及物
动词read的宾语，与whatever不同的是，whichever是已经确定的范围内的“不管哪一
个”。题（4）whoever在that所引导的主语从句中引导从句中的主语从句，本身在所引导
的主语从句中作主语。
答案速查
1. because改为 that 2. That改为It 3. （1）whether/if （2）whether（3）Whether
（4）whether （5）whether （6）Whether （7）If 4. （1）that （2）that （3） What 5.
（1）that （2）which （3）that （4）that （5）It 6. （1）how （2）what （3）what
（4） how （5）what （6）how （7）how （8）what 7. （1）long （2）soon
牛刀小试
1. We must never think _____ we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
2. She will give_____ needs help a warm support.
3. _______ he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
4. This is ________ our problem lies.
5. The reason why he was late was _______ he missed the train by one minute this morning.
6. He didn’t see the film last night. That is ______ he had to help his little sister with her
homework.7. The thought came to him _______Mary had probably fallen ill.
8. ______ method you use, the result is much the same.
9. The question ________ we need it has not been considered.
10. I doubt ________ we’ll ever see George again.
11. _________ you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
12. It has not been decided _________will take the place of the manager.
13. ________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
14. _______ this problem is solved well or badly has a great and widespread influence.
15. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in
literature.
16. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
17. Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in
the future.
18. It doesn’t matter ____ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
19. He had seen the film before. That is _______ he did not see it last night.
20. It occurred to him _______ he still did not know her surname or where she lived.
二、下列各句各有一处错误，请指出并改正。
1.Can you tell me how much students are there in your school?
2.You have to know that you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
3.I truly believe what beauty comes from within.
4.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not why ships are built for.
6.When we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
7.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea that he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
8.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell which close you may be to victory.
9.It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
10.From space, the earth looks blue. This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is
covered by water.
11.The reason why he was late was because he missed the train by one minute this morning.
12.If this is true or not, I really don't know.
参考答案：
一、 1. that 2.whoever 3.Whether 4. where 5.that 6.because 7.that 8. Whichever 9.whether 10.whether/if 11.That 12.who 13.It
14.Whether 15. what 16.How 17. whatever/what 18. whether 19. why 20. that
二、1.much改为many 2.that改为where 3.what改为that 4.why改为what或者删掉
for 6.When改为How 7.idea后that改为why 8.which改为how 9.that改为whether
10.why改为because 11.because改为that 12.If改为Whether、
