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《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习
定语从句
一、定语从句概述
定义 用作定语的从句
描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主
限制性定语从句
句意义不完整或失去意义。
类型
对主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情况，起补充说明作用；如省去，主句意
非限制性定语从句
义仍完整。
关系代词 that,which,who,whom,whose,as等
关系词
关系副词 when,where,why等
二、引导定语从句的关系词
that 指物和人 在从句中作主语或宾语
which 指物 在从句中作主语或宾语
who 在从句中作主语或宾语
关系代词 指人
whom 在从句中作宾语
whose 指人和物 在从句中作定语
as 指物 在从句中作主语
when 指时间 在从句中作时间状语
关系副词 where 指地点 在从句中作地点状语
why 指原因 在从句中作原因状语
三、关系代词辨析
1. 关系代词that与which
先行词指物时，that与which一般可以互换，但也有特殊情况。
★通常使用that的情况：
1）先行词为all,everything,something,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none等不定代词或先行词被序数词、形容
词最高级或few,theonly,little,no,all,every,thevery等修饰时。如：
I’vemadeupmymind,andnothingthatyousaywillchangeit.
JasonwasprobablythehardestworkingstudentthatI’veevertaught.
Theonlythingthatmattersisthatthebabyishealthy.
2）当主句是以who,what等开头的特殊疑问句时。如：
第 1 页 共 8 页Whoisthegirlthatissittingbythelake?
Whatisyourfavoritebookthatyoumentionedjustnow?
★通常使用which的情况：
当引导非限制性定语从句或关系代词前有介词时。如：
Shewasfondofmusic,whichherbrotherneverwas.
Thegoalsforwhichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.
2. 关系代词which与as
which和as都可引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句或主句的一部分。通常which引导的从句放在句末，
而as引导的从句既可位于句首，又可位于句中或句末。如：
Asisknowntotheworld,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.
Thesizeoftheaudience,aswehadexpected,waswelloveronethousand.
HeisanAmerican,which/asIknowfromhisaccent.
四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用which，指人时只能用whom。如：
Thevalleyinwhichthetownliesisheavilypolluted.
We’llgotoseethefamouswriteraboutwhomwehavetalked.
2. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选用取决于句子意义的需要，或句中动词、形容词、副词与介
词的搭配。如：
Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavefreetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.
Icouldn’tunderstandthewomantowhomItalkedonthephone.
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有名词、数词或some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词。如：
Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbroken,willsoonberepaired.
Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
4. “介词+which”引导定语从句时，介词可以是in(the)frontof,atthefootof,inthemiddleof等复合介词。如：
Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.
五、特殊先行词后的定语从句
1. 先行词是reason时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用why或forwhich引导；关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表
语，用that或which引导。如：
We’dliketoknowthereasonwhy/forwhichshedidn’tacceptthejob.
Thereisanotherreasonthat/whichismoreimportant.
2. 先行词是表示方式的way时，定语从句可用that或inwhich引导，也可省略。如：
第 2 页 共 8 页Peoplelikedtheway(that/inwhich)hewrote,sohewentonwriting.
3. 先行词是stage,position,situation,atmosphere等有地点含义的抽象名词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用
where引导。如：
Theiryoungestchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.
Youcouldgetintoasituationwhereyouhavetodecideimmediately.
4. 先行词是occasion时，一般要用when引导定语从句。如：
Icanrememberveryfewoccasionswhenhehadtocancelourtrips.
六、关系词的省略
1. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。如：
Thecup(that/which)youboughtisbroken.
2. 在某些表示时间、地点的词后的限制性定语从句中，关系副词在口语中有时省略。如：
I’llneverforgettheyear(when)IstayedinBeijing.
Thisistheplace(where)Ilivedfiveyearsago.
注意：非限制性定语从句通常由who,whom,which,whose,when,where及“介词+which/whom”引导，且关系词
一般不省略。另外，在非限制性定语从句中，which可指代整个主句内容。
高考链接
用适当的关系词填空。
1.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014________showedamerefiveto10minutesaday
ofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall causes.
（2018全国卷I）
2. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program
________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.
（2018全国卷II）
3. Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it
canbetoeatout.
（浙江2018）
4.Self-drivingisanarea________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.
（江苏2018）
5.Kate,________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.
（天津2018）
第 3 页 共 8 页6.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,________helpsthemkeepfit.
（北京2018）
7. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the
taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,
________isnotgoodforthehealth.
（2017全国卷I）
8. But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as
beauty.
（2017全国卷III）
9.Myeldestson,________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.
（天津2017）
10.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthe
garden,________itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.
（浙江2017）
Key:
1.that/which 2.that/which 3.who/that 4.where 5.whose
6.which 7.which 8.who 9.whose 10.where
定语从句专项练习
I. 选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。
1.Haveyoucomeacrossasituation________(where,which)youcan’tdealwith?
2. There used to be some shade from an old tree in the centre of the yard, ________ (that, which) kept us so cool in
summer.
3.Ididn’tliketheway________(which,that)thenursedealtwiththepatients’problems.
4. Recent accidents, ________ (which, where) fifteen people lost their lives, have led to concerns over the safety of
overnightbuses.
5.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof________(whom,which)burytheirheadsintheirbooks.
6.ThefilmJaneEyre,________(who,where)Janewasastrongcharacter,wasadaptedfromthenovelofthesametitle.
7.Thebeautifultownwelcomesstreetperformers,________(as,that)they’recalled,fromallovertheworld.
8.Therearefewthings________(that,where)wecandoontheWebwithoutusinganyproductofMicrosoft.
9.Onthesecondfloortherearetworooms,thelargerof_______(that,which)isusedasameetingroom.
第 4 页 共 8 页10.IliketheTVprogramaboutthefunnyguy,________(when,whose)dogalwaysstaresathim.
II. 用适当的关系词填空。
1.Heisafamousarchitect,________designswonaninternationalawardlastyear.
2.Idon’tunderstandaword________youaretalkingabout.
3.ThisisMary,________istakingovermyjobwhenIleave.
4.Theyhaveaverylargehouse,round________therearesomelovelygardens.
5.Autumnisthetime________peopleenjoylookingatcolourfulleaves.
6.Thebeachistheplace________Imostliketobeinthesummer.
7.Laurawasalwayshelpingherbrotherwithhisphysicsafterschool,________,ofcourse,madeherparentsveryhappy.
8.Thepolicearelookingfortwoboysaged14,________stoleacomputerfromtheoffice.
9.Hehasbeenunwell,andthismaybethereason________helostthematch.
III. 用“介词+关系代词”填空。
1.Theyweresuretovisitthetownaftertheflood,thelocation_______waslittleknown.
2.IcomefromtheSeattlearea,________manysuccessfulcompaniessuchasMicrosoftandBoeingarelocated.
3.Hepaidtheboy$10forcleaningtenwindows,most_______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
4.Rachel,________sheplacedthegreatesttrust,failedtomatchherexpectations.
5.Herson________shewassodevoted,wenttoNewYorktwoyearsago.
6.Hankdidn’ttellhisparentsabouttheincident,________Iwasverygrateful.
7.Shehasnowmovedbacktothehouse________shewasborn.
8.InthenovelbyPeters,________thefilmisbased,themaincharacterisateenager.
9.Therearestillmanythingsinoursolarsystem________weknownothing.
10. Government reports, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations ________ formal languages
areused.
IV. 下面各句中均有一处错误，请找出并改正。
1.Helenwenttoaninstitutefortheblind,whenshedidverywellinherstudies. ________________
2.Thepersonaboutwhowejusttalkedismycousin. ________________
3.Allofthemarecommuters,whomleaveearlyeverymorningforthenearbytown. ________________
4.We’regoingtovisitthecompanywhereyourbrotherworksthere. ________________
5.Itisthetallestbuildingwhichcanbeseenfaraway. ________________
6.Heofferedheroneofthefourpreciousclockswhatwasmanufacturedinthe18thcentury. ________________
7.Lastweek,IpaidavisittothevillagewhichIgrewup. ________________
第 5 页 共 8 页V. 用合适的关系词补全下面短文。
A
In and around Bradstone, many factories unexpectedly closed down, 1. ________ resulted in a sharp rise in local
unemployment. But news that on a site of an old factory 2. ________ the construction of a new high-technology centre
will begin shortly made people happy. Network UK, the company responsible, made the announcement. They said they
would soon start to advertise for 200 new staff 3. ________ were suitably qualified for the new jobs available. The
managementsaiditwasalsotheirintentiontoofferfiftyjob-trainingpositionsforyoungpeople4.________haverecently
left school. They wantto build up a dynamic, well-trained and enthusiastic team, making Bradstone a happy and wealthy
townonceagain.
B
Robots are becoming more and more common amongst humans. Robots like Pepper have started working as
assistantsonthereceptiondeskinBelgianhospitals1.________arelocatedinLiegeandOstend.
The robotshavebegun working in both hospitals. The robothasa displayscreen on itschest anda spherical-shaped
(球状的)head.Itisthefirstrobot2.________hasbeenusedtogreetpeopleinamedicalenvironment.
The robot, 3. ________ is equipped with wheels under its white frame, is around 140cm in height. It can recognise
thehumanvoicein20languagesanddetectifitistalkingtoaman,womanorchild.Itisequippedwithafacialrecognition
systemaswell.
Therobots4.________havetheircomponentssentfromAsiaareassembled(组装)inFrance.Afewsmallshopsina
fewlargeFrenchmallshavealreadytestedasimilarrobot,generallyusedtocarryoutretail(零售)functions.
C
第 6 页 共 8 页Howhaveweddingschangedinrecentyears?
Li Qiang: There was a time 1. ________ weddings were very traditional in China, but that changed in the 1980s, 2.
________someWestern-styleceremoniesbecamepopular.
Jun Ho: Here in South Korea, marriages were traditionally arranged by a matchmaker, 3. ________ responsibility was to
find the right partner for you. I have lots of friends 4. ________ parents met that way, but arranged marriages aren’t as
commonnowadays.
Cassidy:InAmerica,therearen’tasmanytraditionalceremonies.SomepeoplegotoHawaii,5.________theygetmarried
on the beach, or there are actually places in the States 6. ________ a celebrity lookalike, like Elvis, performs a civil
ceremony.
参考答案
定语从句专项练习
I.1.which 2.which 3.that 4.where
5.whom 6.where 7.as 8.that
9.which 10.whose
II.1.whose 2.that/which 3.who 4.which
5.when 6.where 7.which 8.who
9.why
III.1.ofwhich 2.inwhich 3.ofwhich 4.inwhom
5.towhom 6.forwhich 7.inwhich 8.on/uponwhich
9.of/aboutwhich 10.inwhich
IV.1.when → where 2.who → whom 3.whom → who 4. 去掉there
5.which → that 6.what → which/that
7.which → where或which前加 in或up后加in
V.
第 7 页 共 8 页A.1.which 2.where 3.who/that 4.who/that
B.1.that/which 2.that 3.which 4.which/that
C.1.when 2.when 3.whose 4.whose
5.where 6.where
第 8 页 共 8 页
