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《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习
倒装、省略、强调
一、倒装
1. 完全倒装
完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。在下列几种情况下多用完全倒装：
1）在therebe结构中。如：
Thereareafewthingsweneedtodiscuss.
There’ssomeoneonthephoneforyou.
2）以here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等副词开头的句子中，主语是名词时。如：
Here’sthebookIsaidI’dlendyou.
Upandupwenttheprices.
注意：当句子的主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。如：
Haveyouseenmykeysanywhere?Ah,theretheyare.
3）句子的表语置于句首，为了强调表语或状语、保持句子平衡或使上下文紧密衔接时。如：
Gonearethedayswhentheyhadnothingtoeat.
Inabigbedofabigroomliesabigman.
PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorSmith,ProfessorBrown,SirHughandmanyotherscientists.
2. 部分倒装
部分倒装是把谓语的一部分（助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前。使用部分倒装的情况有：
1）含否定意义的词或短语（如not,nor,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,little,few,nowhere,nothing,notuntil,notonly,no
sooner,onnoaccount,innoway,undernocircumstances,bynomeans等）置于句首时。如：
Littledidheknowwhatlayinstoreforhim.
Notonlydopeoplewanttolandonthemoon,butonotherplanetsaswell.
Hardlyhadshebeguntospeakwhentherewasashoutfromthebackofthehall.
Onnoaccountmustwegiveupthisattempt.
2）only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。如：
Onlythendidshetellhimabouttheaccident.
OnlyinthishousedoIfeelsecure.
Onlywhenshecamehomedidhermotherlearnthenews.
3. 其它情况
第 1 页 共 8 页1）当表示前面提出的某一情况也同样适用于后者时，通常要用“so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”
结构。如：
—I’vegotanenormousamountofworktodo.
—SohaveI.
Chriswasn’tatthemeetingandneither/norwasherassistant.
2）so...that... 结构中的“so+形容词或副词”置于句首时，主句通常要部分倒装；但如果谓语动词为be时，则要
完全倒装。如：
Sosincerelydidtheboybegthathisfathergavehispermission.（部分倒装）
SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.（完全倒装）
二、省略
为了使语言简洁，人们常把某些词省略掉。被省略的部分可能是主语、主语和谓语、谓语或谓语的一部分、宾
语等。有时句子的大部分都省略。常见的省略情况有：
1. 简单句中的省略
简单句中，可以省略谓语或主语。另外，也可省略宾语等其他成分。如：
(Come)Thisway,please.
(I)Begyourpardon.
—Let’sdothedishes.
—I’llwash(thedishes).
2. 并列句中的省略
在由并列连词and,but,or等连接的并列句中，后边的分句中可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分，以避免重复。
如：
Myroomisonthefifthfloor,andhers(is)ontheeighth(floor).
3. 复合句中的省略
1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语动词中有be时，从句的主语和be可以省略。如：
Theboystudiesveryhardthough(heis)stillratherweak.
2）当状语从句的主语和谓语是itis/was 时，itis/was常被省略。如：
If(itis)possible,I’llhelpyouwithyourmath.
3）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom,who等常可以省略。如：
Heistheman(who/whom/that)youcandependon.
4）引导宾语从句的连词that常被省略。如：
Weallknow(that)lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
第 2 页 共 8 页4. 不定式符号to的省略
1）主语部分含有实义动词do时，充当表语的不定式可省略to。如：
WhatIwanttodoisspendthesummerinMadridandthencomebacktoLondoninthefall.
2）在but和except之前有实义动词do时，其后的不定式可省略to。如：
Therewasnothingelsetodobutwaitandsee.
Thefatherdoeseverythinginthehouseexceptwashthedishes.
3）几个结构相同的不定式连用时，通常只在第一个不定式之前加不定式符号。如：
We’vedecidedtogetupearliereachmorning,playtennisandwalktothelibraryeveryday.
5. 如句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省去动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。但
如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be,have时，这些词要保留。如：
Isawmysonplayingwithaknife,andItoldhimnotto.
Myfatherhaslostalotofweight—heistenkiloslighterthanheusedtobe.
—Hashefinishedcleaninghisroom?
—No,butheoughttohave.
三、强调
1.Itis/was+被强调部分+that...
1）该句型可用于强调除谓语以外的其它句子成分。
否定形式：Itisn’t/wasn’t+被强调部分+that...
一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit+ 被强调部分+that...?
特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat...?
2）not...until...的强调句形式为Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。
3）强调的主语指人时，也可用who代替that。
2.do/does/did+动词原形
需要强调谓语时，需借用助动词do/does/did，且一般只用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。如：
I’lltellyousomethingthatdoessoundexciting.
Shedidcometoolate.Ihadmarkedherabsence,ofcourse.
高考链接
从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse________wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.
（天津2018）
第 3 页 共 8 页A.which B.that C.when D.where
2.ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment________Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.
（天津2017）
A.who B.where C.which D.that
3.Notuntilrecently________thedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.
（江苏2016）
A.theyhadencouraged B.hadtheyencouraged
C.didtheyencourage D.theyencouraged
4.Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheart________goodrelationshipswithothers.
（湖南2014）
A.willyoukeep B.youwillkeep
C.youkept D.didyoukeep
5.Nosooner_________steppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.
（陕西2014）
A.hadMoYan B.MoYanhad C.hasMoYan D.MoYanhas
Key:1-5BDCAA
倒装、省略、强调专项练习
I. 用括号内所给内容将下面句子补充完整。
1.Seldom________(I,read)anarticlethatwasfullofmistakes.
2.Notuntilhearrivedhome________(he,find)he’dlefthisphoneintherestaurant.
3.Onthetable________(stand)twocupsandateapotyesterday.
4.Onlywhenhereachedthetea-house________(he,realise)itwasthesameplacehe’dbeeninlastyear.
5.Notonly________(be,theteacher)interestedinfootballbutallhisstudentsshowaninterestinit.
6.Soeasy________(theexercise,be)thatthestudentfinisheditinhalfanhour.
II. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1.I’majournalist,and________________________________(我的妻子也是).
2.Thereonce________________________________(住着一个贫穷的农夫)whohadfoursons.
3.Hedidn’tknowtheanswer,and________________________(我也不知道).
4.Mary’ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.________________________________________________(是多年
的努力工作)thathasmadeherwhatsheistoday.
III. 选用括号内合适的内容填空。
第 4 页 共 8 页1.—Itrainedheavilythismorning.I’mgladItookanumbrella.
—Yeah,IwouldnothavegotwetalloverifI________(had/have)takenone.
2.Ididn’treadthenoticeontheblackboard,andnor________(has/did)he.
3.Itwas________(because/why)hebrokethelawthathewassentencedtosixyearsinprison.
4.Harrydidhishomework,eventhoughhedidn’t________(want/wantto).
5.Shesaidshecoulduseacomputerbutitwasobviousthatshe________(couldn’t/couldn’tuse).
6.Wecan’trepairyourcartodaybutwe________(can/canrepair)tomorrow.
7.Idon’tknowifI’llpassallmyexamsbutI________(hopeto/hope).
8.Simonbrokehisbrother’scomputerbuthedidn’t________(meantobreak/meanto).
IV. 将下面句子改写为倒装句。
1.Johnhadneverbeentosuchafantasticrestaurant.
2.Iinnowaywanttobeassociatedwiththisproject.
3.Theyhadnosoonereatendinnerthantheceilingcrashedontothediningtable.
4.Ihadhardlyfinishedwritingmyessaywhentheteacherannouncedtheendoftheexam.
5.Iseldomleavemyhousesoearly.
6.Peoplerarelyappreciatethismusician’stalent.
7.Weunderstoodwhathadhappenedthatnightonlylater.
第 5 页 共 8 页8.Theyhadmetsuchrudepeoplenowherebefore.
9.Heunderstoodlittleaboutthesituation.
10.Thechildrenshouldonnoaccountgoontheirown.
V. 阅读下面短文，按要求完成任务。
A
①A positive attitude is the guide to leading a positive life. Maintaining a positive attitude through the ups and the
downs is important to every aspect of life: ②your social status, your work, your health and your relationships. If you’re
feeling down and having a particularly negative outlook on the way things are going, just remember that attitude is
everythingand ③apositiveattitudewillleadyououtofthedarkestoftimes.
1. 将画线部分①改为强调句，对主语进行强调。
2. 简化画线部分②。
3. 将画线部分③改为强调句，对主语进行强调。
第 6 页 共 8 页B
One day, a camel and her baby were chatting. The baby asked, “Mother, why do we have humps (驼峰)?” The
motherreplied, “Ourhumpsareforstoringwatersothatwecansurviveinthedesert.”
“Oh,” saidthechild, “andwhydowehaveroundedfeet,Mother?” “Becausetheyaremeanttohelpuswalk
comfortablyinthedesert. ①Thesefeethelpusmovearoundinthesand.”
“Alright.Butwhyareoureyelashes(睫毛)solong?” “Toprotectoureyesfromthedesertdustandsand.Theyare
theprotectivecoversfortheeyes, ”repliedthemothercamel.
②Thebabycamelthoughtforawhileandhesaid, “Sowehavehumpstostorewaterfordesertjourneys,rounded
hooves(蹄)tokeepuscomfortablewhenwewalkinthedesertsand,andlongeyelashestoprotectusfromsandanddust
duringadesertstorm.Thenwhatarewedoinginazoo?”
③Themotherwasextremelyshockedandshedidn’tsayanything.
④Yourstrengths,skills,andknowledgeareuselessifyouarenotintherightplace.
1. 将画线部分①改为强调句，对主语进行强调。
2. 简化画线部分②。
3. 简化画线部分③。
4. 将画线部分④改为强调句，对if条件句进行强调。
第 7 页 共 8 页参考答案
倒装、省略、强调专项练习
I.1.haveIread 2.didhefind
3.stood 4.didherealise
5.istheteacher 6.wastheexercise
II.1.soismywife 2.livedapoorfarmer
3.neither/nordidI 4.Itisyearsofhardwork
III.1.had 2.did
3.because 4.wantto
5.couldn’t 6.can
7.hopeto 8.meanto
IV.1.NeverhadJohnbeentosuchafantasticrestaurant.
2.InnowaydoIwanttobeassociatedwiththisproject.
3.Nosoonerhadtheyeatendinnerthantheceilingcrashedontothediningtable.
4.HardlyhadIfinishedwritingmyessaywhentheteacherannouncedtheendoftheexam.
5.SeldomdoIleavemyhousesoearly.
6.Rarelydopeopleappreciatethismusician’stalent.
7.Onlylaterdidweunderstandwhathadhappenedthatnight.
8.Nowherehadtheymetsuchrudepeoplebefore.
9.Littledidheunderstandaboutthesituation.
10.Onnoaccountshouldthechildrengoontheirown.
V.
A.1.Itisapositiveattitudethatistheguidetoleadingapositivelife.
2.yoursocialstatus,work,healthandrelationships
3.itisapositiveattitudethatwillleadyououtofthedarkestoftimes
B.1.Itisthesefeetthathelpusmovearoundinthesand.
2.Thebabycamelthoughtforawhileandsaid
3.Themotherwasextremelyshockedanddidn’tsayanything.
4.Itisifyouarenotintherightplacethatyourstrengths,skills,andknowledgeareuseless.
第 8 页 共 8 页
