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《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习
非谓语动词
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式
和过去分词。它们没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等。
一、非谓语动词的各种形式
非谓语动词 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing beingdone
动词-ing形式
完成式 havingdone havingbeendone
一般式 todo tobedone
进行式 tobedoing /
不定式
完成式 tohavedone tohavebeendone
完成进行式 tohavebeendoing /
过去分词 done
二、非谓语动词在句中的一些用法
1. 动词-ing形式和不定式作主语和宾语
★作主语
通常，动词-ing形式着重过程，不定式着重结果。但有时二者有下列不同之处：
1）动词-ing形式的逻辑主语可能泛指人们，而不定式的逻辑主语则常是句子中的名词或代词。
2）动词-ing形式可表示一般或抽象的多次性的动作，而不定式则往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
★作宾语
1）有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词常见的有agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,
expect,fail,intend,learn,plan,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,wish等。
2）有些动词后常跟动词-ing形式作宾语。这类动词常见的有admit,dislike,appreciate,avoid,enjoy,bear,escape,stand,
deny,consider,mind,miss,finish,resist,imagine,risk,practice,suggest等。
2. 非谓语动词作定语
1）不定式作定语
a. 作定语的不定式与它所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。如：
ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.
Itwasagametoremember.
b. 名词前有only,last,next，序数词或形容词的最高级时，其后常用不定式作定语。如：
第 1 页 共 9 页Ritawastheonlypersontocomplain.
HewasthefirstmantoflyacrosstheAtlantic.
Alexisthebestmantodothejob.
c. 有些名词的同根动词后常跟不定式，因而这些名词后也常跟不定式作定语。如：
Theiroffertoassistintheworkwasnottakenseriously.
（比较：Theyofferedtoassistinthework.）
2）动词-ing形式作定语可表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常发生的或短暂的动作以及经常存在的状态。如：
Thewomansendingherchildrentoschoolismyhistoryteacher.
Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.
3）过去分词作定语常表示被动或已经发生的动作。如：
We’vemetthedoctorssenttoworkherebythecityhospital.
3. 非谓语动词作表语
1）不定式作表语，常用来说明主语的具体内容。如：
Hisambitionistobecomeasuccessfulscientist.
2）动词-ing形式作表语，可用于说明主语的内容，而且可以转换到句首作主语，常指抽象的行为；也可表示主语的
性质或特征。如：
Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsismyhobby.
Thenovelisveryboring.
3）过去分词作表语，常表示主语的状态。如：
Iwasdelightedtoreceiveyourgifts.
4. 非谓语动词作状语
1）不定式作状语，常表示目的、原因、结果等。不定式作结果状语时，常用于“only+不定式”结构，表示未曾预
料到的或令人不快的结果。如：
Afriendofminecametoseemetonight.
Ijumpedwithjoytohearit.
Alanliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.
2）动词-ing形式或过去分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，其前可加连
词while,when,once,if,unless等。如：
Crossingthestreet,hewasknockeddownbyacar.
Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,thelittlegirldarednotsleepinherbedroom.
Hefelloffthebike,breakinghisleftleg.
第 2 页 共 9 页Seenthroughtheeyesofayoungfriend,Einsteinwasasimple,modestandordinaryman.
Agroupofchildrenweresittingaroundtheteahcer,playinggames.
Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.
5. 非谓语动词作补语
1）动词-ing形式表示正在进行的活动或反复的动作，而不定式则表示整个活动或事件的全过程。如：
Iseehimpassingmyhouseeveryday.
IaskedGeorgetoconveymybestwishestohismother.
2）感官动词和使役动词后常接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但用于被动语态时，需把to补出来。如：
SomeonesawMaryenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.
Marywasseentoenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.
另外，感官动词后也可接动词-ing形式作补语，表示动作正在进行。如：
OnceinthemiddleofthenightIwokeandheardthewindblowing.
三、非谓语动词独立结构
非谓语动词可有其独立的逻辑主语。这种逻辑主语常常是名词或代词，置于非谓语动词之前，二者构成非谓语
动词独立结构。这种独立结构常用作状语。如：
Lotsofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayathomeallday.
Theaudiencehavingseatedthemselves,theconcertbegan.
Thetaskcompleted,wehadaglobaltraveling.
高考链接
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. You don’t have to run fast or for long ________________ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and
stillreduceyourriskof________________(die)earlybyrunning.
（2018全国卷I）
2.Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________________(improve)waterquality.
（2018全国卷II）
3. China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for
agricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,” saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.
（2018全国卷II）
4. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel
________________(challenge).
第 3 页 共 9 页（2018全国卷III）
5.Hewasjustsaying: “I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!” Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowed
me________________(stay)andwatch.
（2018全国卷III）
6. I still remember ________________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she
hadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.
（浙江2018）
7. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, ________________ (exceed) the expected number of 12,000
heldbymarketanalysts.
（江苏2018）
8.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph________________(take).
（天津2018）
9. I didn’t mean ________________ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help
________________(try)it.
（天津2018）
10.________________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.
（北京2018）
11.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether________________(share)ameal,admirethe
moonandenjoymooncakes.
（北京2018）
12.Ordinarysoap,________________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.
（北京2018）
Key:
1.tosee;dying 2.toimprove 3.feeding 4.looking;challenged
5.tostay 6.visiting 7.exceeding 8.taken
9.toeat;trying 10.Traveling/Totravel 11.toshare 12.used
第 4 页 共 9 页非谓语动词专项练习
I. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1.Davidthreatened________(report)hisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.
2.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________(tell)thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.
3.Theman________(give)alectureinthehallatthemomentisafamousscholar.
4.Istillremember________(take)totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.
5.Thousandsofholidaymakersremained________(stick)abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.
6.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone________(call)forhelp?
7.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready________(lay)foramealtobecooked.
8.Iknownothingabouttheexperiment________(conduct)now.
9.Your________(come)tohelpisagreatencouragementtome.
10.It’sessential________(know)allthefacts.
II. 选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。
1.________(Polluted,Polluting)waterandairareharmfultopeople’shealth.
2. ________ (Blinded, Blinding) bythesnow,almost________(freezing, frozen)after thelong journey,the explorercould
notevenstrikeamatch.
3.Sherylforgot________(bringing,tobring)herpurse,soIlenthertendollars.
4. Lydia really regrets ________ (to drop, dropping) out of high school. She has really had to struggle to make a living
becauseofthatdecision.
5. He wasn’t asked to takeon the chairmanship of the society, ________ (being considered, to be considered) unpopular
withallmembers.
6.Althoughhe’sateenager,Fredcouldresist________(beingtold,havingbeentold)whattodoandwhatnottodo.
III. 选用方框内合适的动词并用其正确形式填空（每个动词限用一次）。
tremble,introduce,take,hike,bathe,catch,want,disagree,sign,bend
1.Witheverything________________intoconsideration,weallthinkthisisaverygoodplan.
2.IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime________________thelastbus.
3._______________forabout14miles,theteammemberswereverytired.
4.Not________________todrawattentiontohimself,Martinwouldn’taskquestions.
5.________________forthreehours,Mike’sfingersandtoeswerewrinkled.
6.Herbrother,________________withher,brokeintothediscussion.
7.Berniewassittingathisdesk,hishead________________overasheetofgraphpaper.
第 5 页 共 9 页8.Theagreement________________,LeftyandGaryshookhandsforthephotographer.
9.Hisvoice________________withanger,heorderedustoleave.
10.Children________________tomusicearlydevelopstrongintellectualskills.
IV. 判断下面句子中非谓语动词的逻辑主语和主句主语相同（S）还是不同（D）。如果不同，请将该句改写为正确
的句子。
1.Paintedbrightyellow,Icouldseethesignsclearlyfromadistance.
2.Hearinganoisefromoneofthebedrooms,Iquietlyclimbedupstairs.
3.Laughingathernewhat,Jinglookedreallyangrywithme.
4.Keptinthefridge,thecheeseshouldstayfreshforweeks.
5.Holdingherumbrellatightly,shewentoutintothestorm.
6.Talkingtoeachotherinthelibrary,Iaskedthemtokeepquiet.
7.Caughtintrapsputontheriverbedatnight,manyfishermendependonfishfortheirlivelihood.
8.WorriedthatZahirahadn’tarrived,Idecidedtophoneherhome.
V. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1.Thechurch,________________________________(被一场火毁坏的),wasneverrebuilt.
第 6 页 共 9 页2.________________________________(受闪电惊吓),shepulledtheblanketoverherhead.
3.Hewasproud________________________________(已被选上)toleadtheproject.
4. From the dates ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (金币上标记的), the scientists learnt that it was
madefivehundredyearsago.
5.Ihavealotof________________________(文件要读)beforetheendofthisweek.
6.Mrs.Lishowedherstudents________________________________(一些借来的旧照片)fromthecitylibrary.
7.WithMother’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________________________(去买礼
物)formymum.
VI. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
A
Access to a clean, reliable water supply is essential to our survival. 1. ________ (cover) over 70% percent of the
earth’ssurface,waterisapparentlyplentiful.Butinfact,lessthan1%ofallthewateronearthisaccessibleforhumanuse
in lakes, rivers and reservoirs. Renewed by rain and snowfall, this water supply is available to us as a finite (有限的) but
sustainableresource.Asthedemandforaccesstothis2.________(limit)supplyincrease,itisthoughtthatasmanyas3.5
billion people could experience water shortages by 2025. A worldwide water management plan is vital. An international
campaign must be introduced 3. ________ (raise) public awareness of the importance of 4. ________ (save) and 5.
________(recycle)thispreciousresource.Furthermore,industryandagriculturemustbemade6.________(reduce)their
waterconsumption.Onlyinthiswaycanwater-relatedinternationalconflictsbeavoided.
B
TherearedifferentcommentsonthebookHelpingChildrentoSucceed.
（1）
IfoundHelpingChildrentoSucceedtobea(n)1.________(inspire)book.Whatwasthemost2.________(fascinate)
to me was the research finding that children from wealthy families are no more prepared for a successful independent
futurethanchildrenfrompoorerfamilies.Theauthorshowsthatchildrenfromallbackgroundsneedtolearnnotonlyhow
第 7 页 共 9 页3.________(work)hardbutalsohow4.________(deal)withfailurewithout5.________(fall)topieces.Thebookshows
convincingly how poor children as well as middle class children and those from wealthier homes are capable of 6.
________ (learn) these skills necessary for future success. This has made me 7. ________ (feel) very optimistic that no
child will fail because of their family background and thatsomething can be done 8. ________ (increase) the lifechances
ofpoorchildren.
（2）
IenjoyedHelpingChildrentoSucceed,butinmanywaysIalsofoundit1.________(disappoint).2. ________(finish)
reading the book, I think the title itself is 3. ________ (mislead) because it focuses primarily on children who fail. Most
research studies 4. ________ (quote) by the author illustrate how difficult it is for children from disadvantaged homes 5.
________(succeed)orindeedtoescapefromacycleoffailure.IboughtthebookforthelibrarywhereIwork,6.________
(think)itmightofferparentsstrategiesfor7.________(bring)upchildrentobesuccessful.Inpractice,themainstrategies
8. ________ (recommend) by the author are the following: avoid 9. ________ (become) poor and don’t expect your
childrentosucceedateverything. He alsosuggeststhatchildrenshould getused tooccasionalfailures.In myopinionthis
isanunnecessarilynegativeoutlook.
第 8 页 共 9 页参考答案
非谓语动词专项练习
I.1.toreport 2.tobetold 3.giving 4.beingtaken
5.stuck 6.calling 7.laid 8.beingconducted
9.coming 10.toknow
II.1.Polluted 2.Blinded;frozen 3.tobring 4.dropping
5.beingconsidered 6.beingtold
III.1.taken 2.tocatch 3.Havinghiked 4.wanting
5.Havingbathed 6.disagreeing 7.bent 8.signed
9.trembling 10.introduced
IV.1.D。Paintedbrightyellow,thesignscouldbeclearlyseenfromadistance.
2.S。
3.D。Laughed/Beinglaughed/Havingbeenlaughedathernewhat,Jinglookedreallyangrywithme.
4.S。
5.S。
6.D。Talkingtoeachotherinthelibrary,theywereaskedtokeepquiet.
7.D。Manyfishermendependonfishcaughtintrapsputontheriverbedatnightfortheirlivelihood.
8.S。
V.1.destroyedbyafire 2.Frightenedbythelightning
3.tohavebeenchosen 4.markedonthegoldcoin
5.filestoread 6.someoldphotosborrowed
7.tobuypresents
VI.
A.1.Covering 2.limited 3.toraise 4.saving
5.recycling 6.toreduce
B. （1）1.inspiring 2.fascinating 3.towork 4.todeal
5.falling 6.learning 7.feel 8.toincrease
（2）1.disappointing 2.Havingfinished 3.misleading 4.quoted
5.tosucceed 6.thinking 7.bringing 8.recommended
9.becoming
第 9 页 共 9 页
