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《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习
介词
介词不在句中独立作成分，其后一般接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，还可接不定式（如except,but）或从句，
有时也可接一个介词短语（如fromamongthetrees）。
一、介词的分类
1. 从结构上看，介词可分为：
（1）简单介词，如at,by,for,in,of,on,over,up。
（2）合成介词，如inside,into,throughout,within。
（3）以-ing结尾的介词，如concerning,following,including,regarding。
（4）短语介词，如accordingto,becauseof,inregardto,insteadof。
2. 从词义看，常见的介词有下列几种：
（1）表示时间，如at,before,between,during,on,since,until。
（2）表示地点，如across,behind,near,off,towards,under,up。
（3）表示原因，如dueto,for,with。
（4）表示让步，如despite,inspiteof。
（5）表示条件，如butfor,incaseof,without。
（6）表示手段、方式，如by,in,with。
（7）其它，如against,asfor,of。
二、介词与动词、名词和形容词的搭配
1. 动词+介词，如comeacross,consistof,lookafter,resultfrom,stickto,waitfor。
2. 名词+介词，如devotionto,doubtabout,interestin,struggleagainst。
3. 介词+名词，如bychance,indebt,onpurpose。
4. 介词+名词+介词，如bymeansof,onbehalfof,inspiteof,intermsof。
5. 形容词+介词，如confidentin,differentfrom,fondof,goodat,satisfiedwith。
高考链接
用适当的介词填空。
1. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ________
walking,cyclingorswimming.
（2018全国卷I）
第 1 页 共 8 页2.Cornuseslesswater________riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.
（2018全国卷II）
3.Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome________dinner,
getafewcookingtipsfromher.
（浙江2018）
4.This trend, which was started bythe medicalcommunity (医学界) ________ amethod of fighting heartdisease, has had
someunintendedsideeffects...
（2017全国卷I）
5. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________
engineeringorarchitecture.
（2017全国卷III）
Key:1.than 2.than 3.for 4.as 5.in
代词
一、代词概述
代词可分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、
关系代词。
1. 人称代词不仅指人，也可指物，有人称和数的变化。
2. 物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
3. 反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语。如：
Nancycutherselfwhileshewaschoppingvegetables.
Bobisnotquitehimselftoday.
Didyouwanttotalktothechairmanhimself,orcouldhispersonalassistanthelpyou?
4. 指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个（些）”、“那个（些）”。常用的指示代词有this,that,these,
those。
5. 不定代词可分为两类：
a. 由one,body,thing构成的复合不定代词：
人 物
某 someone/somebody something
任何 anyone/anybody anything
每个，所有 everyone/everybody everything
第 2 页 共 8 页没有 noone/nobody nothing
b.some,any,both,none,either,neither,all,one,each,many,much,another,other,more,most,few,little等。
6. 相互代词只有eachother和oneanother两个。
7. 疑问代词是用来进行提问、构成特殊疑问句的词，如who,whom,whose,what,which。
8. 连接代词是用来引导名词性从句的词，如who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever。
9. 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which等。
二、易混代词辨析
1.one,ones,that,those,it
代词 指代
one a(n)+单数名词
ones 零冠词+复数名词
that the+单数名词或不可数名词
those the+复数名词
（1）前面已提到过的事物、动物或人。如：
Ican’tfindmyticket.IthinkImusthavelostit.
（2）时间、日期、天气、距离等。如：
it It’sthreeyearssinceIlastsawher.
Thankgoodnessit’sthefirstofMaytomorrow.
Itwasrainingthismorning.
It’sabouttenmilesfromheretoBillings.
2.both,either,neither,each,all,none
both表示两者都；either表示两者中的任何一个；neither表示两者都不；each表示两者或两者以上的每一个；
all表示全部，指三者或三者以上的人或物，也可笼统地表示“一切，所有”；none表示三者或三者以上的人或物的
全部否定。如：
OxfordisnotfarfromStratford,soyoucaneasilyvisitbothinaday.
—Wouldyoulikethemetalorplasticone?
—Eitherwilldo.
Theyproducedtworeports,neitherofwhichcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.
Therearefourbedrooms,eachwithitsownshowerandWC.
Hewastoldtopackupallofhislettersandpersonalbelongings.
Wehavethreesonsbutnoneofthemlivenearby.
第 3 页 共 8 页3.another,other,theother,others,theothers
another指不确定数目中的另一个；other指别的人或物；theother指两者中的另一个；others=other+名词，泛
指别的人或物；theothers指一定范围内其余的人或物（如果被指代的名词是不可数名词，则用therest）。如：
Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea?
OtherpeoplemaydisagreebutIfeelthewholethinghasgonefarenough.
Thesetrousersaredirty—You’dbetterwearyourotherpair.
Youmaycontinueontheothersideofthepaper.
Youshouldn’texpectotherstodoyourworkforyou.
Ican’tdothefourthandfifthquestionsbutI’vedonealltheothers.
Only55percentoftherawmaterialiscanned.Therestisthrownaway,orfedtocows.
4.much,many,(a)few,(a)little
修饰或代替 肯定 否定
可数名词复数 many afew few
不可数名词 much alittle little
高考链接
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesame benefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldall
give________atry.
（2018全国卷I）
2.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind________(they)alive.
（2018全国卷III）
3. Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________
canbetoeatout.
（浙江2018）
4. “ShethoughtIhadhurt________(I),” saysPahlsson. （浙江2017）
5.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby________(it)mother.
（2016全国卷I）
Key:1.it 2.them 3.it 4.myself 5.its
第 4 页 共 8 页数词
数词主要包括基数词、序数词和分数词。基数词是表示数目多少的数词，序数词是表示先后顺序的数词，分数
词由基数词和序数词构成。
一、基数词
1.dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million,billion等前有具体数字或several,afew等修饰时，一般用单数；它们的复
数形式常后接of短语，表示不确切数目。如：
Imakeninehundreddollarsaweek.
Imusthavementionedhimdozensoftimesinmyletters.
2. 表示年岁时，用“inone’s+逢十的基数词的复数”，如inherfifties。
3. 表示年代时，用“inthe+逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示，可直接加s，也可加’s，如
inthe1950s/1950’s。
二、序数词
1. 序数词前通常要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词，如thethirdfloor,myfirstvisittoNewYork。
2. 序数词前也可加不定冠词，表示“再一个，又一次”。如：
Youreallyoughttomakethemostoftheopportunity,becauseyouwon’tgetasecondchance.
三、分数词
1. 分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示；除分子为1的情况外，序数词都要用复数形式。如：1/3onethird 2/5
twofifths
2. “分数/百分数+of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与名词或代词的数保持一致。如：
Onethirdofthesejobsareheldbywomen.
About50percentofhisworkistodesignprogrammes.
介词、代词、数词专项练习
I. 用适当的介词完成下面短文。
A
Ma Minick had always spoiled her husband. No doubt 1. ________ it. Take, 2. ________ example, the matter of the
pillows. Old man Minick liked two plump (圆鼓鼓的) pillows on his side of the great, wide, old-fashioned cherry bed. He
would sink 3. ________ them with his muscles relaxed. But in the morning there was always one pillow 4. ________ the
floor. He had thrown it there. Ma Minick knew this, naturally, after forty years of his sleeping in the cherry bed. But she
nevergotannoyed withhim5.________thatextra pillow.Eachmorning, whenshearose,shepickeditup6.________her
waytothewindow.Eachmorningthebedwasmadeup7.________twopillowsonhissideofit,8.________usual.
第 5 页 共 8 页B
DearGordon,
Many thanks 1. ________ agreeing to stay in the flat while I’m in Wales. I enclose the key. If you lose this key, Mrs
Johnson in the flat 2. ________ the ground floor has a spare. If she’s away, the landlord lives 3. ________ the building at
the end 4. ________ the street. It’s called Laurel Villa, and he’s Mr Emerson. They both know you’ll be there while I’m
away.
The electricity and gas main switches are on the wall at the back of the large cupboard in the study.You can turn the
water off 5. ________ the large tap in the bathroom. I hope you won’t need to. I’ve made a list of all the useful phone
numbersIcanthinkof.It’sstuck6.________thekitchendoor.Ihopeyou’llhaveagoodtime.
Muchlove,
Shirley
II. 选用方框内合适的代词填空（每个代词限用一次）。
those,it,another,themselves,few,others,whoever,both,me,none,neither,everything
1.Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof________whenIwasababy.
2. An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making ________ the driest year since California became a state in
1850.
3.Moneyisn’t________becausetherearesomepeopleinyourlifethatmattermore.
4.IwishIcouldofferyousomecakebutthere’s________left.
5.Manypeopleexpressedconcern,but________werewillingtohelp.
6.She’dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked________andmovedtoCambridge.
7.Allthekidsinthisclasshavelearningdifficultiesofonesortor________.
8.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein________,knivesandforks.
9.Thosewhosmokeheavilyshouldremind________ofhealth,thebadsmellandthefeelingsofotherpeople.
10.Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilarto________describedinthismagazine.
11.________wantstostayintheEuropeanUnionmusthaveachildwiththenationalityofoneoftheEUmemberstates.
12.It’saneither-orsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan’tdo________.
III. 用适当的代词完成下面对话。
Jerry:Doyouthinkthatwespendtoomuchonspaceexploration?
Eric: Well, I think that there are a lot of different factors to take into consideration. For instance some countries want to
show the rest of the world that 1. ________ are successful and can do this with a space exploration program. 2. ________
seems that 3. ________ is more important for these countries to impress the world than to look after their own people.
第 6 页 共 8 页Sometimes 4. ________ is difficult to understand this because every country in the world has its problems and has poor
peoplethatneedtobelookedafterbecausetheycan’tlookafter5.________. So,yes,Idothinkthatthesecountries should
lookafter peoplefirst before6. ________starttrying to sendmen to themoon!There aretoo many otherproblems hereon
earththatweneedtosortout.
IV. 将两栏中的语句搭配成完整的句子。
A
1.Hehasn’tforgivenher a.onhertohelpme.
2.Inolongercare b.forwhatshedid.
3.I’moldenoughtolook c.ofmanagingalone.
4.She’sperfectlycapable d.inchangingheropinion.
5.He’llneversucceed e.aftermyself.
6.I’mrelying f.aboutwhathethinks.
B
1.Thelorrystruckviolently a.ofmarketstalls.
2.Thewomanalwaysstands b.intoalineofcars.
3.Thesquarewasfull c.fromalocalfamily.
4.Theminibusbelonged d.onapedestrian.
5.Theyborrowedthecar e.forwhatisright.
6.Theyblamedtheaccident f.toagroupoftourists.
V. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1.________________________(每三年),scores of students from the foreign language schoolare sentto Britain to learn
English.
2.Nearly________________(四分之三)oftheEarth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.
3.Everydayinthecity________________________________(三百多万人)goshoppingontheInternet.
4. Early ________ ________ ________ (在二十世纪七十年代) no one had any idea that the woman would become a
millionairebyplantingflowers.
5.Mygrandpalookedquitehealthythoughhewas________________________(七十多岁了).
6.According to the rules, if you are ________ ________ ________ ________ (十八岁以下), you aren’t admitted into the
club.
第 7 页 共 8 页参考答案
I.A.1.about 2.for 3.into 4.on 5.for 6.on 7.with 8.as
B.1.for 2.on 3.in4.of 5.by 6.on
II.1.me 2.it 3.everything 4.none 5.few 6.neither
7.another 8.others 9.themselves10.those 11.Whoever 12.both
III.1.they 2.It 3.it 4.it 5.themselves 6.they
IV.A.1.b 2.f 3.e 4.c 5.d 6.a
B.1.b 2.e 3.a 4.f 5.c 6.d
V.1.Everythirdyear/Everythreeyears 2.threefourths 3.overthreemillionpeople
4.inthe1970s/1970’s 5.inhisseventies 6.undereighteenyearsold
第 8 页 共 8 页
