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《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习
主谓一致
一、主谓一致的原则
主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：
1. 语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，
谓语动词也采用复数形式。
2. 意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。当主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数时，谓语根据意义用
复数形式；当主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数时，谓语根据意义用单数形式。
3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的
主语的单、复数形式。
二、主谓一致的具体应用
1. 名词作主语
1）集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这
类名词有 army,audience, class, family,team,crowd,staff,government,enemy,committee 等。有些集体名词如 cattle,
people,police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如：
Thearmyhasadvancedtotheriver.
Theteamaredrivingtothegameintheirowncars.
ThepolicehavebeensearchingforTomforyears.
2）单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式。如：
Theonlymeansofcommunicationbetweenthemwassignlanguage.
Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.
3）表示单数概念的复形名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名等）作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Statisticsisaprincipalcourseatthebusinesscollege.
GeneralMotorsproducesmanydifferenttypesofcars.
4）trousers,shoes,chopsticks,sunglasses等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果其前有apairof,akindof
等时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
Thesetrousersaretoolarge.
Apairoftrousersisnotenough.
5）当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词
用单数。如：
第 1 页 共 4 页Sevenkilometerswascoveredintwohours.
Twohundreddollarsisalottome.
Tenminuteswasgiventopreparetheanswer.
6）“morethanone/manya+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式；“more+复数名词+thanone”作主语，
谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：
Morethanonepersonhasbeeninvolvedinthis.
Manyastudenthasseenthefilm.
Moreboxesthanonehavebeenusedatthestation.
7）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。如：
Onlyonethirdofthehomeworkwasfinishedyesterday.
Threefourthsofthestudentscometoschoolontimeeveryday.
2. 代词作主语
1）代词each,either,neither,another以及复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Eachstudenthasadictionaryinourclass.
Anyonewhoisoversixteenisallowedin.
2）关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。如：
Don’tyouknowthepeoplewholivenextdoor?（先行词是people）
Mywife,whoisoutatthemoment,willphoneyouwhenshegetsback.（先行词是Mywife）
3）all,most,none,some等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如：
Allwhohavestudiedthisquestionhavecometothesameconclusion.
Noneismorequalifiedforthetaskthanhe.
3. 由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语
1）由and或both...and...连接的并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但当and不表示并列意义，
而是连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：
BothMikeandJimhaveredhair.
Thewriterandreporterhasgivenusatalk.
Thereisawatchandchainonthetable.（watchandchain带链的表）
2）当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如由 with, but, aswell as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in
additionto等引导的短语时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。如：
Theprofessor,togetherwithhisstudents,isdiningheretonight.
3）由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数要
第 2 页 共 4 页与邻近的主语相一致。如：
Eitherhisbrotherorhisfriendsarewrong.
NotonlyIbutalsomysisterisfondofreading.
4. 从句及非谓语动词作主语
1）名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表示两个概念时，谓
语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。如：
Whetheritisagoodplanornotisamatterforargument.
Whatcausedthesnowslideandhowmanytouristswereinjuredarestillunknown.
WhatIwantedtofindoutfirstwashowlongitwasgoingtotake.
Youneednotgetanymorestamps.Whatwehaveareenough.
2）动词-ing形式短语或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.
Tomastersciencemeanstomasterlawsofnature.
高考链接
用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. While running regularly can’tmakeyou liveforever,the review saysit________ moreeffectiveatlengthening lifethan
walking,cyclingorswimming.
（2018全国卷I）
2.Fastfood________fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheir
diet.
（2017全国卷I）
3.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow________oftenacceptable.
（2016全国卷II）
4.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand________tooviolentforuseatthetable.
（2016全国卷III）
5.Yangshuo________reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravellersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasone
ofthetop10destinationsintheworld.
（2015全国卷I）
Key:1.is 2.is 3.is 4.were 5.is
第 3 页 共 4 页主谓一致专项练习
找出下面短文中的语法错误并改正。
A
TheColumbiaIcefield
The Rocky Mountains, on the border of the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, has many attractions for
tourists.OneattractionistheColumbiaIcefield.Thishugefieldofancienticecover125squarekilometers.TheAthabasca,
Stutfield and Dome glaciers (冰河) make up the icefield. As the ice melts, the water flow into four major river systems.
These systems is the Columbia, Fraser, Mackenzie and Saskatchewan. The melted water moves down these rivers into
three different oceans, the Pacific, Arctic and Atlantic. This high point in a continent’s water system is called a
“hydrologicalapex(水文顶点)”,andtheColumbiaIcefieldisoneofonlytwosuchapexesintheworld.Touristsvisitthe
icefieldfromApriltoOctobereachyear.Walkingtoursandcoachtoursisavailable.Manypeoplegototheicefieldbecause
itisthebiggestareaoficeandsnowinNorthAmericasouthoftheArcticCircle.
B
Calcium, which is one of the world’s most common elements, are important for growing strong bones and teeth.
Every animal requires calcium for its health. Calcium is also used for many other purposes. Calcium has been used as a
buildingmaterialasfarbackasAncientEgyptiantimes.
Lack of calcium can be a serious problem. Calcium-deficient (缺钙的) bones break easily. Older people, especially older
women,frequentlygetsosteoporosis(骨质疏松症).Osteoporosisis aconditionwhichcausecalciumdeficiencyinbones.
InCanada,oneinfourwomenovertheageoffiftysufferfromosteoporosis.Apersonwith osteoporosiscanbreakabone
doing simple daily activities like walking, hugging or coughing. Each osteoporosis sufferer needs to eat foods high in
calciumdaily.Milk,tofuandspinach(菠菜)ishighincalcium.Regularexercisealsohelppreventosteoporosis.
参考答案
主谓一致专项练习
A.1....Columbia,hasmany... has→have
2....icecover125... cover→covers
3....waterflowinto... flow→flows
4....systemsisthe... is→are
5....toursisavailable. is→are
B.1....elements,areimportant... are→is
2....frequentlygetsosteoporosis. gets→get
3....whichcausecalcium... cause→causes
4....spinachishigh... is→are
5....alsohelpprevent... help→helps
第 4 页 共 4 页
