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《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习
情态动词和虚拟语气
一、情态动词
1. 常用情态动词的用法比较
1）在表示“可能性”方面
must,can,should,may,might都可以用于表示“可能性”。
a.must表示以事实为依据而进行的逻辑上的推理，它所指的动作或状态发生的可能性最大。
b.can和should表示以事实、理由为依据而进行猜测，它们所指的动作有发生的可能性，但语气没有must那么肯
定。其中，should的主观性较强。
c.may和might语气较弱，表示说话人根据自己的主观判断而进行的猜测。其中，might的语气更弱一些。
2）在表示“允诺”方面
can,may,might都可以表示“允诺”，其中might最为客气、委婉。如：
Youcanleavenow.
MayItroubleyouwithaquestion?
MightIhaveanothercupofcoffee?
3）在表示“应该”方面
must,oughtto,should都能用来表示“出于某种职责、义务而应该”的意思。must的语气最强烈，oughtto居
中，而should是表达这方面意思的普通词。如：
Wemustthinkofthismatterveryseriously.
Studentsoughttostudyhard.
Thepoliceshoulddosomethingaboutit.
2. 情态动词的特殊用法：
1）shall用于第一人称表示坚强的信念和决心；用于第二、三人称，表示许诺、命令或规定等。如：
Weshallnotfail.
Youshallhaveitbacktomorrow.
Youshalldoasyouseemedo.
Intherules,itsaysthataplayershallbesentoffforusingbadlanguage.
2）should表示惊讶等情感，意为“竟然”。如：
It’soddyoushouldmentionBen!Iwasjustthinkingabouthim.
3）must表示说话人的不满，意为“偏要，硬要”。如：
第 1 页 共 8 页Ericmustcomeandworrymewithquestions,justwhenIambusycookingthedinner.
Ifyoumustknow,I’mgoingtohelpBradlookforanapartment.
4）may表示祝愿；mayaswell用来提出建议，意为“还是……的好”；maywell用来表示可能性，意为“很可能”。
如：
Itisafinetraditionandlongmayitcontinue!
Allthepubsareclosing.Wemayaswellgohome.
Itmaywellbetrue.
3. “情态动词+havedone”结构
1）could/might/should/oughtto/needhavedone意为“本来能/可能/应该/需要做……，但实际上未做”。如：
Hecouldhaveescaped,buthechosetostandandfight.
2）“情态动词+havedone”还可用来表示推测过去可能发生的事情。如：
Didyousayanythingthatmighthaveupsether?
二、虚拟语气
1. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
1）“Itis/was+形容词 / 过去分词+that从句”结构中的主语从句表示命令、愿望、建议等时，谓语用“should+
动词原形”，should可省略。如：
Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent(should)masteraforeignlanguage.
Itisdesiredthatthisrule(should)bebroughttotheattentionofthestaff.
2）动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在事实相反时，从句中谓语用过去式；表示与过去事实相反时，从句中谓
语用“had+过去分词”；表示将来很难实现的愿望时，从句中谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”。如：
HowIwishIwastherewithyou!
IwishIhadn’tlostthechance.
Iwishhewould/could/mightgowithustothetheatre.
3）在wouldrather/sooner后的宾语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气。尚未发生的动作用动词的过去式，已经发生的动作
用“had+过去分词”。如：
—DoyoumindifIsmokehere?
—I’dratheryoudidn’t.
I’dsooneryouhadn’ttoldmeaboutit.
4）表示建议、要求、意图、命令、推荐等意义的动词（如suggest,demand,require,request,order,insist,recommend）
后的宾语从句中谓语常用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。如：
Theemployeeshavedemandedthatthemanager(should)resign.
第 2 页 共 8 页Irecommendthateveryone(should)buythisdictionary.
5）表示建议、要求、意图、命令、推荐等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语用“should+动词原形”，
should可省略。如：
Ouronlyrequestisthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.
Hemadethedecisionthatnothing(should)holdhimback.
2. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
条件句 从句中的谓语 主句中的谓语
与现在事实相反 动词的过去式（be的过去式多用were） should/would /might/could+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would /might /could+have+过去分词
should+动词原形；wereto+动词原形；动词的过
与将来情况可能相反 should/would /might/could+动词原形
去式（be的过去式多用were）
在错综时间虚拟条件句（主句和从句所表示的时间不一致）中，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。如：
Ifwehadconsultedhimonthequestionyesterday,weshouldknowwhattodonow.
非真实条件句中的条件有时并不是直接通过条件句来表示，而是暗含在词、短语或上下文中，这种句子叫含蓄
条件句。如：
I’mreallyverybusy,otherwise/orIwouldcertainlygotherewithyou. （暗含条件是otherwise/or）
Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldamounttodisaster. （条件暗含在happeninginwartime中）
Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway. （条件暗含在不定式短语todoitthisway中）
Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.（条件暗含在介词短语undermorefavorableconditions中）
Butfortheheavytraffic,wewouldhavearrivedearlier. （暗含条件是Butfortheheavytraffic）
3. 虚拟语气中if的省略
如果条件从句的谓语中有were,had或should等词时，可将if省略，而把were,had或should等放在句首。如：
IfIweretodothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherway. →WereItodothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherway.
4. 虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的从句中的用法
在asif或asthough引导的从句中，从句所表示的内容与现在事实不符时，谓语用过去式（be的过去式多用
were）；与过去事实不符时，谓语用“had+过去分词”形式。如：
Sheiswalkingslowlyasifsheweretired.
Itlookedasthoughtheyhadquarrelled.
注意：如果从句所表示的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是事实，就要用陈述语气。如：
Youlookasthoughyou’vehadabadtime!
第 3 页 共 8 页高考链接
I. 选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。
1.It’sstrangethathe________(should,might)havetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.
（江苏2018）
2.Ican’tfindmypurse.I________(couldleave,couldhaveleft)itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI’mnotsure.
（天津2018）
3.Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata________(should,can)causeseriousproblemsforacompany.
（北京2018）
4.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,________(can,should)easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.
（北京2017）
5.Myroomisamess,butI________(needn’t,mustn’t)cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.
（天津2017）
II. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空（含否定形式）。
1. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________________ (have) a second chance to become more
involved.
（江苏2018）
2.Ifwe________________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.
（天津2018）
3.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey________________(drive)afewmorekilometers.
（北京2018）
4.Ifthenewsafetysystem________________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.
（北京2017）
5.—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?
—Yes.Otherwise,I________________(be)abletoreachheryesterday.
（天津2017）
6.________________(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.
（江苏2017）
Key:
I.1.should 2.couldhaveleft 3.can 4.can 5.needn’t
II.1.had 2.hadcaught 3.haddriven 4.hadbeenput
5.wouldn’t/couldn’t/shouldn’t/mightn’thavebeen 6.Were
第 4 页 共 8 页情态动词和虚拟语气专项练习
I. 选用方框内合适的情态动词填空（每词限用一次）。
can,shall,may,should,must
1.Haven’tyouseenthesign“Noparking”here?Cars________notbeparkedhere.
2.Noreader________removeabookfromthelibrarywithoutthepermissionofthelibrarian.
3.Thegirl________notbeMary—she’sinNewYork.
4.Thatthewell-dressedyoungman________speaktoyoulikethatisquiteastonishing.
5.—IsDavidcomingbytrain?
—Heshould,buthe________not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.
II. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.Doctorsstronglyrecommendthatfathers________(be)presentattheirbaby’sbirth.
2.Ifyou________(follow)myadvicetopreparewellahead,youwouldn’thavefailedtheexam.
3.Thecitywouldlookmorebeautifulifpeople_________(throw)rubbishonthestreets.
4.WhenIstoppedtalking,Samfinishedmysentenceformeasthoughhe________(read)mymind.
5.IfIcouldspeakSpanish,I________(spend)nextyearstudyinginMexico.
6.Ifyou_________(fail)yourlastexam,youwouldhavegraduatedinMay.
7.Samwouldhelpthepoorifhe________(be)rich.
8.IfIhadn’tlostmycellphone,I________(contact)youyesterday.
III. 从a-h中找出与1-6相对应的后半句（有两项多余选项）。
1.IsaidI’dpayforherticketbutshe （ ）
2.Injustafewyearsfromnowpeople （ ）
3.Istillrememberhowthey （ ）
A
4.Forecastersarewarningthatheavysnow （ ）
5.Weliveinanoldhousethat （ ）
6.Writingmygeographyassignment （ ）
a.couldcausedangerousdrivingconditions.
b.shouldn’ttakemetoolong.
B c.willhavetasted.
d.wouldn’tacceptmyoffer.
e.wouldplaytogethersowellaschildren.
第 5 页 共 8 页f.wouldbeaschool.
g.willbeabletocontroltheircarusinganapp.
h.usedtobelongtoapolitician.
IV. 根据括号内的提示补全下面句子，使句子意思保持不变（每空一词）。
1.Thecourseislikelytobeofinteresttothoseworkingwithpre-schoolagechildren. (mayfind)
→Thoseworkingwithpre-schoolagechildren________________________________________.
2.DuringthewinterIpreferwatchingfootballtoplayingit. (wouldsooner)
→DuringthewinterI________________________________________________it.
3.Karensaysittakeslessthananhourtodrivethere,butI’msureshehasgotitwrong. (must)
→Karensaysittakeslessthananhourtodrivethere,butshe________________________amistake.
4.Studentswishingtoenrollonthecoursearerequiredtocompleteallsectionsoftheapplicationform. (should)
→Studentswishingtoenrollonthecourse________________________________oftheapplicationform.
5.IwishIhadconsideredthequestionmorecarefullybeforeansweringit. (should)
→I________________________thequestionmorecarefullybeforeansweringit.
6.It’salongwalkhome,soIadviseyounottomissthelasttrain. (hadbetter)
→It’salongwalkhome,so________________________________________thelasttrain.
V. 根据括号内的提示用虚拟语气改写下面句子。
1.Sheaskedhimtofixthecomputer. (request)
→
2.Sandrawantedthepostofficetoholdontohermail. (ask)
→
3.“Givemearefund,”Johntoldtheclerk. (demand)
→
4.“Discussthequestionatthenextmeeting,”headvisedus. (suggest)
→
5.“Takeavacation,”ourbosstoldus. (insist)
→
第 6 页 共 8 页VI. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词，含缩略形式）。
1.Thereisanotherbuslater,sowe________________________________________(不必上这辆).
2.Neilwouldn’thavehadtheaccidentifhe________________________(没有突然刹车).
3.Ashislegwasinjured,John________________(不能比赛)forthenextcoupleofweeks.
4.Sincetheteenagerswerepartyingveryloudly,they________________(不能听见)thedoorbell.
5.Youradvicethatshe________________________________(等到下周)isreasonable.
6.IshouldnothavemadefoolofyouifI________________________________________(早想到你是认真的).
7. If you had spent more time practicing making it before, you ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________________________(就能把它做得更好)now.
8.IwishI________________________________________(能借给你一些钱)foryourrent,butI’mbroke.
9.________________________(如果我知道)itwouldbestressfulforyou,Iwouldneverhaveencouragedyoutogointo
thisfield.
10.Itisvitalthathe________________________(被警告)beforeitistoolate.
VII. 选用括号内合适的内容补全下面短文。
Celebrityculturehasspreadinalmostallsectorsofsociety.Itisnolongerrestrictedtofilmstarsandsingers.However,
onlyasmallnumberofpeople1.________(can,must)achievecelebrity.Forthosewhodo,therewards2.________(can,
need) be huge. Watch anyreality TV show and you 3. ________ (ought to,may) find competitorswho dream of attaining
celebrity.However,anyfametheyachieveislikelytobefleeting(转瞬即逝的)andwithlimitedsocialoreconomicvalue.
In many industries, such as arts, celebrity 4. ________ (need, can) have an advantage. Many non-famous people
working in the arts are likely to be relatively poorly paid even though they 5. ________ (may,ought to) be as talented as
theirmorefamouscounterparts.Thisresultsinresentment(憎恨)amongstcolleagues.
第 7 页 共 8 页参考答案
情态动词和虚拟语气专项练习
I.1.must 2.shall 3.can 4.should 5.may
II.1.(should)be 2.hadfollowed 3.didn’tthrow 4.hadread
5.would/should/could/mightspend 6.hadn’tfailed 7.were 8.would/should/could/mighthavecontacted
III.1.d 2.g 3.e 4.a 5.h 6.b
IV.1.mayfindthecourseinteresting 2.wouldsoonerwatchfootballthanplay
3.musthavemade 4.shouldcompleteallsections
5.shouldhaveconsidered 6.youhadbetternotmiss
V.1.Sherequestedthathe(should)fixthecomputer.
2.Sandraaskedthatthepostoffice(should)holdontohermail.
3.Johndemandedthattheclerk(should)givehimarefund.
4.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)discussthequestionatthenextmeeting.
5.Ourbossinsistedthatwe(should)takeavacation.
VI.1.needn’tgetonthisone 2.hadn’tbrakedsuddenly
3.can’t/couldn’tplay 4.couldn’thear
5.waittillnextweek 6.hadthoughtyouwereserious
7.would/could/should/mightbeabletomakeitmuchbetter
8.couldlendyousomemoney 9.HadIknown
10.shouldbewarned
VII.1.can 2.can 3.may 4.can 5.may
第 8 页 共 8 页
