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易错点 09 情态动词和虚拟语气
目 录
01 易错陷阱（4大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】情态动词基本用法易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】情态动词表判断推测易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】情态动词后+ have done易混易错点
【易错点提醒四】虚拟语气易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：情态动词基本用法易混易错点。
【分析】
功能：情态动词不能单独作谓语，后跟动词原形共同构成谓语。
形式：情态动词没有人称和数的变化。否定形式是多数情态动词的否定式是在情态动词的
后面加not。
时态：个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语
气。位置：情态动词在谓语之前；谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前。疑问句中在
主语之 前。
【高频考点】
1. 情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词be构成谓语。
2. 含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
3. 原形和过去式错用情态动词：can→could、may→might、shall→should、will→would、
have to→had to、dare→dared。
【基本用法】
1. can/could 表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)；
特殊句型：can not ... too .../enough(再怎么……也不过分)、can't help but do sth.(不得不做某
事)、can't wait to do sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。
2. may/might 表较小的可能性；表示请求许可以及祝愿。
句型和搭配：may/might as well do表示“还是……好；最好……”；may well do表示“很可能”；
may可以用来表示祝愿，用“may＋主语＋动词原形”结构。
May you succeed.祝你成功。
3. must 表示非常肯定的推测；表“偏要；非要……不可”；
mustn't意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn't。
4. shall的用法
用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should；
用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见。
5. should/ought to
should表责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”，还可表出乎意料的语气，意为“竟
然”；ought to表义务或责任，意为“应该”。
6. will/would 表意志或意愿；表事物的某种性质和倾向，或“按规律”“注定会”；表示
习惯， will 可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用
would。
7. need和dare
need“需要”和dare“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
易错陷阱2：情态动词表判断推测易混易错点。
【分析】
1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为＂有时会＂；用于疑问句中表示推测，意为＂
可能＂，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can’t意为＂不可能＂，
语气强烈。
2．may/might用于肯定句中表示不十分肯定的推测，意为＂有可能＂；用于否定句中也可
以表示推测，may not意为＂可能不＂，表示一种不太确定的语气。
3．must表示推测时只用于肯定句中，意为＂一定，必定＂，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句
中或否定句中要用can/could)。
4．should用来表示推测时意为＂应该＂，含有＂按道理来说应当如此＂的意思。
易错陷阱3：情态动词 + have done易混易错点。
【分析】
must have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，只用于肯定句。
can’t have done 表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
can have done 表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有
could have done
做。
对发生过的事情的推测，＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句
may have done
中。对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚
might have done
拟语气结构中。
would have done 虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
should have done 表示本来应该做某事，而实际没有做。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
ought to have 表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗
done 憾。与＂should have done＂用法基本一样。
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have done＂则表示＂
need have done
本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
易错陷阱4：虚拟语气易混易错点。
if 从
从句谓语 主句谓语
句
现在 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形
过去 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
should＋动词原形
将来 were to +动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形
过去式
1. if引导的从句中should、were或had，提到句首时，可以把if省略，其他语序不变。
2. 当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综时间条件
句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。
3. 有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without、 or、
otherwise、 but for等词或短语来表示，称为含蓄的虚拟句。
【特别提示】
1．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中
常见的动词有如图所示。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省
略。
suggest表＂暗示＂，insist表＂坚持认为＂时不用虚拟语气。
2．用于主语从句中It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/...suggested/advised/demanded/requested/..sb’s
order/desire/suggestion/advice/...+ that...；从句谓语形式：（should+）动词原形
3．用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语
从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。
4. wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式（be一律用were。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might +动词原形。
5．would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为＂宁愿；但愿＂。用一般过去时表示与现
在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
6．在＂It is (about/high) time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂should＋动词原形＂
表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。
7．as if，as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般
过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
8．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
【易错点提醒一】 情态动词基本用法易混易错点
【例1】 (北京高考) Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top
shelf.
【变式1】 （2020·天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and
tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should【变式2】（2023·黑龙江双鸭山一中高三试题）I can’t believe such a gentleman ________ be
so rude to the old.
【变式3】（2023·全国专项练习改错）So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.
【易错点提醒二】 情态动词表判断推测易混易错点
【例2】 （2021·天津·高考真题）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing
another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A．need B．should C．could D．must
【变式1】（2023·天津·校考模拟预测）With no gravity to push against, astronauts’ bones and
muscles ________become weak.
A．should B．must C．can D．Need
【变式2】（2023·全国·高三模拟）—Tony, is that Mr. Black over there?
—I knew that he had gone to England. It be him.
A．might B．could C．can’t D．Must
【易错点提醒三】情态动词+have done易混易错点
【例3】（2023·全国·高三专题练习）She （participate） in the activity, for she was
doing paperwork in the office then.
【变式1】You ___________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his
best.
A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't
【变式2】（2023·天津·校联考一模）Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model, ________ a better life,
but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains.
A．could have enjoyed B．may enjoy C．must have enjoyed D．can enjoy【易错点提醒四】 虚拟语气易混易错点
【例4】（2019·天津·高考真题）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________
the task in half the time.
A．accomplished B．had accomplished
C．would accomplish D．would have accomplished
【变式1】（2023·辽宁省辽西联合校高三试题）I am sure I would have lost him if I
________ (continue) dancing.
【变式2】If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
1．（2021·天津·高考真题）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A．may have made
B．should have made
C．couldn't have made
D．needn't have made
2.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
3．（2020·天津·高考真题）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After
all, he had done his best.
A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't
4．（2020·天津·高考真题）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and
tidy .
A．must B．can C．need D．Should
5．（2017·全国·统考高考真题）Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do，so
they_______come up for air．A．may B．can C．might D．Must
6．（2018·天津·统考高考真题）Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature
when she was in college.
A．studied B．had studied
C．would study D．might have studied
7．（2019·江苏·高考真题）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time
together.
A．had B．will have C．would have had D．had had
8．（2023·天津·高三耀华中学校考开学考试）—Why you be talking so loudly while others are
studying?
—I’m terribly sorry.
A．shall B．must C．will D．May
9．（2023·天津滨海新·统考三模）Waking up suddenly________lead to rapid heart rate and high
blood pressure.
A．must B．would C．can D．Shall
10．（2023秋·高三课前预习）—Finish the homework in half an hour! Mom, you________be
joking!
— Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.
A．need B．can C．must D．May
11．（2023·天津河东·统考二模）“Those responsible for the accident be punished while those
contributing to solving the problems be rewarded.” promised the official then and there.
A．need B．shall C．must D．Should
12．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）My little son _____ out alone at night.
A．dares not go B．dares not to go
C．dare not to go D．doesn’t dare to go
13．（2023·天津滨海新·高三大港一中校考期末）The world went into shock, most people having
assumed that this space flight ________ be more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
A．should B．shall C．would D．Could
14．（2023·天津河东·高三统考期末）If there is nothing more to do, we ________ as well go to
bed.A．should B．can C．would D．May
15．（2023·天津·高三天津市咸水沽第一中学校考期末）I ______ James some advice, but I didn’t
think he would accept it under those conditions.
A．could have given B．mustn’t give
C．couldn’t give D．must have given
