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第 10 讲 情态动词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································1
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································3
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································3
考点一 情态动词的基本用法
知识点1 情态动词的基本含义和用法····················································································4
知识点2 情态动词+have done的用法·················································································7
考点二 虚拟语气
知识点1 if条件句的虚拟语气用法·························································································8
知识点2 (should)+动词原形的虚拟语气·············································································8
知识点3 虚拟语气特殊句式····································································································9
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ·································································································································10
2.命题演练 ·································································································································10
题型 年份 卷别 考点统计 考情分析
语法 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对情态动
填空 2023 全国甲卷 can still _____ be employed 词的考查在地方卷比较常见。全国卷听
、 (employ) 力中对情态动词高频考查；完形填空和上海秋考 could 阅读理解中一旦涉及到情态动词的句
子，则很可能涉及长难句的翻译；语法
填空中情态动词题型涉及较少；含有情
单项
态动词的虚拟语气句在写作中是加分的
选择
亮点句。
天津第一次 can’t判断推测 复习目标
但
1. 掌握情态动词的基本含义和用法；
2. 掌握情态动词 +hav e don e 的用法；
3 . 掌握情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法；考点一 情态动词的基本用法
知识点1 情态动词的基本含义和用法
情态动词：本身具有一定的意义，用于表达说话人的情感态度、语气或主观设想。情态动词不能独立作谓
语，必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词在特殊语境具有特殊含义(如:must“非得;偏要”,should“竟
然”,shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等)是高考的热点和难点。常见情态动词
的基本用法是高考考查的重点。必须根据具体语境判断使用相应的情态动词。
类别：1. 只作情态动词，如may, might, must, can等。
2. 既作情态动词又作实义动词，如need, dare。
3. 具有情态动词特征的动词词组，如have(had, has) to, used to, ought to。
4. 可做情态动词又可作助动词，如shall(should), will(would)。
一 can/could的用法
1. 表示能力，could表示过去的能力。
That’s when APL can make a difference.(2021年上海卷听力)
这就是APL能够发挥作用的时候。
How long can you balance on one leg?
你单腿能站多久？
2.表示可能(理论上或是逻辑上)。
He can't/couldn't have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。
典例（2024年新高考I卷听力Text 3）His aunt is in town, so he can't go with us today.
3. 表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen?我能看看你的新钢笔吗？
4. 表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
He can't/couldn't be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁了。
How can you be so careless?
你怎么能这么粗心呢？
5. 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can/Could you lend me a hand?
你能帮我一下吗？典例1.（2023年全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through
the ages can still ______ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
典例2.（2024年天津南开模拟试题）Kate received a sugar painting featuring the “loong” character and it was so
beautiful that she ______ bear to eat it.
A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
二 may/might的用法
1. 表示允许。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。回答以may引起的问句时，用
Yes, please./Certainly./Please don't./You'd better not.等。
2. 表示可能。might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
典例（2021年全国乙卷听力）I might forget how to spell everything, even my own name.
三 must的用法
1. 表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。
All visitors must report to reception.
所有来宾必须到接待处报到。
2. 用must提问，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't/don't have to。
3. 表示推测，暗含很大可能性，意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale.他一定是病了。他看起来很苍白。
4. 表示“偏偏，非要”。
Must you ask me such a question?你非得问我这样的问题吗？
5. mustn't 意为“不要，千万别”，表示禁止。
Children mustn't play with fire.孩子们不能玩火。
6. must作名词，表示“必须做的事；必不可少的事”。
典例（2021新高考I卷）While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!
四 shall的用法
1. 表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
2. 表示说话人的意愿，有“命令，允诺，警告，决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say. (命令) 你要照我说的去做。
Everyone shall not pass without permission! (警告)没有允许，任何人休想通过！
五 will的用法
1. 表示意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我就借给你。
2. 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
These things will happen. 这些事情早晚要发生。3. 表示临时作出的决定。
—Someone is knocking at the door. 有人在敲门。
—I will answer it. 我来开门。
六 would的用法
1. 表示意愿。
She just wouldn't do what I asked her.
她就是不愿照我说的去做。
2. 表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
3. 表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
When he was young, he would sit in front of the door, waiting for his father to come back home.
小时候，他常常坐在门口等着爸爸回家。
七 should/ought to的用法
1. 表示义务，意为“应该”(某件事适宜做)，用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.你应该对老师有礼貌。
Such things ought to be banned.这种事应该禁止。
典例（2021年全国乙卷）To many people, saving lives is part of the job but styling hair is an extra
and should be rewarded.
2. 表示推测，意为“想必，一定，照说应该，估计”等。
They should be home by now.他们现在应该在家。
If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.他如果九点出发，现在应该到这里了。
3. should还可以用在if引导的虚拟条件从句中。should置于句首时，省略if，相当于“万一”的意
思。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
Should you change your mind, please let us know.
万一你改变主意，请让我们知道。
4. should还可用在以 why, who, how等开头的疑问句或某些感叹句中，带有感情色彩。意为“竟然，
竟会”。
Why should you be so late today?
你今天竟然来得这么晚？
5. 在It is＋adj.＋that从句中，从句的谓语动词常用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
It is vital that every student (should) respect their teachers.
每个学生都应该尊重他们的老师，这很重要。
八 need的用法
need表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn't表示“不必”。need作实义动词时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化；其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾
语。
The classroom needs cleaning.
＝The classroom needs to be cleaned.
教室需要打扫。
九 dare的用法
dare“敢，敢于”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接动词原
形。作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后的不定式可省略
to。
We should not be producing compliant students who do not dare (to) criticize.
我们不应当把学生培养成不敢批评的唯唯诺诺的人。
十 used to/had better/might as well的用法
1. used to＋动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
过去在街角有一幢大楼，但现在已经被拆掉了。
I used not/didn't use to like opera. 我过去不喜欢歌剧。
Used you/Did you use to go to school on foot?你过去常常步行去上学吗？
2. had better意为“最好”，后面接动词原形，否定式为had better not do。
We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.
以防下雨，我们最好带把伞。
3. might as well意为“倒不如……，还是做……好”。
The heavy rain ruined our trip. We might as well have stayed at home.
大雨毁了我们的旅行。我们还不如待在家里。
知识点2 情态动词+have done的用法
分类 形式 用法
must have done 对过去的动作的肯定推测，表示肯定做过某事
表示对过去情况的否定推测，用于否定句和疑问句，表示不可
can't/couldn't have done
能做过某事
对过去的推测
表示对过去情况的不太肯定的推测；用于肯定句、否定句，但
may/might
不用于疑问句。表示“可能”。might have done 也用于虚拟语
have done
气句，表示未实现的动作
对过去情况的 needn't have done 过去没有必要做……但实际上做了
后悔、遗憾或
should/ought to have
过去本应该做……而实际上并未做
责备等
donewould have done 本来会做……而未做
could have done 本来可以做……但是实际没有做
典例1.（23-24高三·陕西西安·模拟试题）But for his timely help, we ______ our task in such a short time.
A．wouldn’t finish B．haven’t finished
C．couldn’t have finished D．can’t have finished
典例2.（23-24高三·天津·期中）Mary’s bedroom is so tidy. She________have cleaned it yesterday.
A．must B．should C．need D．would
变式训练1. I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn’t (eat) so much fried chicken just now.
变式训练2. Johnson suggested the problem worth paying attention ________ at the meeting.
A．to be discussed B．to been discussed
C．being discussed D．should be discussed
考点二 虚拟语气
知识点1 if条件句的虚拟语气用法
场合 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语形式
与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be用were) would / could / should / might+ 动词原形
与过去事实相反 had +动词过去分词 would/ could / should / might have done
1.动词过去式(be用were)
与将来事实相反 2.were to + 动词原形 would / could / should / might + 动词原形
3.should + 动词原形
知识点2 （should）+ 动词原形的虚拟语气
1. (坚持 insist 命令 order, command 建议 advise, suggest, recommend 要求 demand, desire, require,
request)接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。但应注意insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表
示“暗示，表明”时，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.
2.名词(order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement等)后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原
形，且should可以省略。We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock.
3. It is necessary/strange/ impossible..that..从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。若从句涉及
已经发生的动作，则应用should have done。
It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.
典例1.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）My suggestion is that you much meat.
A．wouldn’t take B．shall not take
C．not have D．won’t have
典例2.（2023高三·全国·专题练习）He was determined that his children _____ to the best school available.
A．should go B．went C．ought to go D．would go
变式训练1.（23-24高三·天津南开·阶段练习）I can’t find my wallet now. I________ it in the bus just now, but
I’m not sure.
A．should leave B．could have left
C．must have left D．might leave
变式训练2.（2024·天津南开·二模）They queued (排队) for two hours for nothing. They _________ have been
told the tickets were sold out.
A．would B．may C．must D．should
知识点3 虚拟语气特殊句式
1. I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。
I wish 从句结构 示例
与现在事实相反 一般过去式 I wish it were autumn now.
与过去事实相反 过去完成式 He wished he had not lost the chance.
与将来事实相反 would+动词原形 I wish you would come soon.
2. if only表示“如果……该多好”，as if/though表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。
3. I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。
4. It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。
例1. If only I had gone by taxi. 我要是乘出租车去就好了。
例2.It’s high time that you concentrated on your work at hand!
是该你集中精力做你手头上工作的时候了！一、 真题实战
1.（2019·江苏·高考真题）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A．had B．will have C．would have had D．had had
2．（2019·天津·高考真题）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.
A．would be B．might have been
C．would have been D．had been
3.（2020·江苏·高考真题）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A．won’t be B．wouldn’t have been C．wouldn’t be D．shouldn’t have been
二、 命题演练
1.（23-24高三·天津·期末）—I’m leaving for Shanghai tomorrow for the Spring Festival holiday.
—Good for you. Remember to bring more clothes because the winter in Shanghai _______ be very cold
sometimes.
A．would B．shall C．can D．may
2.（23-24高三·天津·阶段练习）—Sorry, I missed your party yesterday because of an unexpected visitor.
— Actually, you________ the party. It was canceled at the last moment.
A．didn’t need to attend B．needn’t have attended
C．shouldn’t have attended D．couldn’t have attended
3.（23-24高三·天津·期中）You________be right but I’m going back to check anyway.
A．must B．should C．need D．might
4．（23-24高三·天津和平·阶段练习）—When can I come for the computer? I need it next Tuesday.
—It________ be repaired by next Monday afternoon.
A．can B．need C．should D．might
5.（23-24高三·天津·阶段练习）I advise you to stay away from Mary. Although she is usually easy-going, she
______be quite annoying sometimes.
A．can B．need C．must D．should
6．（2024·天津和平·一模）People liked O. Henry’s stories, because simple as the tales were, they ______ finish
with a sudden change at the end, to the readers’ surprise.
A．could B．would C．might D．must
7．（23-24高三·重庆·开学考试）Look at the school rules. It says we___________ be late for school.
A．can B．must C．needn’t D．mustn’t
8.（23-24高三·天津河东·期末）I ______ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time thisSunday.
A．should B．might C．would D．could
9．（23-24高三·天津·阶段练习）My nephew William is still a puzzle to me—sometimes he is as quiet as a
mouse, while he________be fairly active at other times.
A．should B．need C．must D．can
10.（2024·天津·二模）I love spring because I______ endure the cold of winter or avoid the burning sun of
summer in spring.
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t
