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易错点 17 阅读理解主旨大意题
目 录
01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：标题类易混易错点。
【分析】
标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子。她的特点是短小
精悍，多为短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩。如果是短语类选
项，考生容易混淆重点，此时应当先划出选项的关键词。
此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系。中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可
能引出话题，此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应。
易错陷阱2：段落大意类易混易错点。
【分析】 每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落
主题句。如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。有时考生还会找错文
章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。
易错陷阱3：文章大意类易混易错点。
【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，
就通过关键词句来概括。如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全
文中心的。此时，要注意转折词，如：but, however, yet, in spite of, on the contrary等。
【易错点提醒一】 标题类易混易错点
【例1】 （浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works, to “torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her
secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab
coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work? It turns out that there is a good
deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.
“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings — brains,
education, culture etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive
scientist at Indiana University.
Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries
and the creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007
report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for
knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the
scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction
(推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”
......
ong as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless
while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,”
Allen said.
What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Who Are The Mystery-solvers
B．Scientists Are Not Born But Made
C．Great Mystery: What Makes A ScientistD．Solving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind
【变式1】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）
Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may
seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires —
not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes.
Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are
already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a
house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.
Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅) , a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional
interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have.
Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you
only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as happy as to
find plenty of hamburgers and eggs when you're hungry.
Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an
hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person, for a rich
person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.
Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when you've
brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you have
increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills.
Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be
more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and
did, played a bit.
Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.
What would be the best title for the passage?
A．House of Life B．Secret of Wealth
C．Rest and Refreshment D．Interest and Enthusiasm
【变式2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）Well, to pick up where we left off last time. I’m certain that you know all too well the dangers
hiding on the World Wide Web. And whether it’s for schoolwork, entertainment, or just socializing
with friends, the Internet will surely be a major part of your child’s life. So, it’s important to secure
their online stays.
It’s not the easiest thing, but keeping open lines of communication is primary. Let them know
they can share their online activities with you. Talk to them about their online presence as early as
possible, ideally before they begin to use email, social media, or a smartphone. Discuss what they find
interesting online and learning from them about popular websites and apps; this will create
understanding and allow you to identify potential risks.
Next, monitor without spying. Most kids learn to understand boundaries, like respecting others’
personal space, or not opening the cookie jar without asking. Internet use is no different. It’s helpful
for kids to have ground rules as to which websites they can visit,which apps they can use, and what
they can share online. Remind them that if they feel uneasy with anything that occurs online, they need
to alert an adult immediately.
......
What is the best title for the text?
A．What Is Hidden on the Net? B．How to Make Online Stays?
C．Be a Smarter Internet User D．Keep Your Kids Safe Online
【变式3】（福建省泉州科技中学2023年高三试题）
Stuck inside his room at an assisted living center, Bob Coleman knew he could not go out in
public with the epidemic (疫). But he was not cut off from outside: he shared his love for country
music over the Internet. “Hello, everybody. It’s a bright day in Tennessee,” he said into his
microphone. “This is Bob Coleman, coming to you from Room3325…”. Then Coleman began to play
the music he loves-hits from country music stars. The 88-year-old carefully chooses each song.
Coleman and several other retirees have turned into DJs (流行音乐播音员), for a new online
radio hour known as “Radio Recliner.” A marketing company called Luckie came up with the idea of
Radio Recliner. Listeners can send song requests in honor of family or friends. For example, listeners
might hear a message like this: “Hey, Granny. This is your favorite granddaughter Amy. We justwanted to call in and say we love you.” The 60-minute show started with retirees in middle Tennessee.
It has since expanded, with residents of assisted-living centers in other states taking part in the project.
Many jumped at the chance to work as a DJ to ease the loneliness of social distancing rules.
Mitch Bennett serves as Luckie’s chief creative officer. He says the idea was to provide a sense of
community to older people. “For this generation, radio was the original social media,” Bennett said,
“Dedicating a song to someone you love and having them hear it along with everyone else is a special
way of connecting.”
In Georgia, 80-year-old Ed Rosenblatt, who had made full preparations for his show, said an hour
he spent playing songs on Radio Recliner resulted in a flood of text messages, emails and calls from
family and friends, and many of the messages were from people he had not heard from for years.
What’s the best title for the text?
A．Older Adults Need More Care During the Epidemic
B．Older Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Turn Into DJs
C．Older Adults Were Busy With Music During the Epidemic
D．Older Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Show Music Talents
【易错点提醒二】 段落大意类易混易错点
【例2】 （江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）
As a kid growing up in a suburb of London. I loved to go looking for the perfect park bench.
Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks. We’d have a kick-around
with a soccer ball, share a bag of Doritos and check out all the benches in the area, reading the words
on them.
The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager
anticipation. Where once I was excited by the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that
I’m more appreciative of each bench’s quiet stoicism (坦然淡定), the way they are willing to wait out
their turn in every weather, remaining available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a
park bench allows for a sense of solitude (独处) and community at the same time, which is crucial to
life in a great city.
Part of my obsession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds ofcuriosity, and making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the
greatest power of the park bench: its capacity encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches
us in our quietest, most vulnerable (脆弱的) moments, when we may be open to imagining new
narratives and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken off, hung from the bench’s wrought iron. On
other nearby benches, babies are being burped. Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers
read it .
......
Which aspect of park benches does paragraph 3 focus on?
A．Design. B．History. C．Location. D．Power.
【变式1】（重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高考适应性试题）
The Yurok people have lived along the Klamath River, which flows from the Cascades in Oregon
southwest through Northern California, for thousands of years, protecting the region and river from
which they — and others — draw sustenance (生计).
But as development and pollution continue to reduce the number of fish in the river and the
quantity and quality of its waters, the Yurok Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribe’s longstanding care
by granting the Rights of Personhood to the Klamath, the first river in North America to have such
rights declared.
......
What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The process of legalization. B．The tradition of Yurok tribe.
C．The reason behind the legalization. D．The importance of the Klamath River.
【变式2】（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）
The term “beer goggles” is said to have been coined by male North American university students
in the 1980s. Yet despite unconfirmed evidence for the phenomenon, the link between alcohol
intoxication (醉酒) and physical attraction has not been systematically studied.
Prof Bowdring of the University of Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs of male friends into the laboratory
to rate the attractiveness of men and women they viewed in photos and videos. On one occasion, both
men were given enough cranberry juice to raise their blood alcohol concentration to about 0.08% - thelegal limit for driving in England — and on the other occasion, they both received a non-alcoholic
drink. After providing attractiveness ratings for the photos, they were asked to select which of these
individuals they would most like to interact with in a future experiment.
......
What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A．The comparison of two experiments.
B．The process of Bowdring’s experiment.
C．The underlying logic of beer goggles effect.
D．The methods of appreciating attractiveness.
【变式3】（广东省珠海市第三中学2023年高三试题）
......
In my twenties, when I was almost constantly in a state of anxiety, I never went on holiday. I was
scared of flying, scared of my boss noticing how much nicer life was without me in the office. I
thought not going on holiday made me a harder worker,when actually it just made me a more tired
one. Then, a boss pulled me aside to tell me that he wasn’t going to thank me for not taking my
holidays. I then booked a cheap beach holiday with a friend, and was genuinely amazed to find I felt
much better for it.
......
What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The benefit the author obtained from travelling.
B．The source of the author’s stress during office hours.
C．The change of the author’s attitude to taking holidays.
D．The reason why the author tried to be a harder worker.
【易错点提醒三】 文章大意类易混易错点
【例3】（江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）
New bio-plastics are being made in laboratories from straw, wood chips and food waste, with
researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world’s plastic.
The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce usefulchemicals. But the bio-plastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossil fuel-
based plastics.
Land and seas around the world, from high mountains to deep oceans, have become polluted with
plastic, prompting major public concern. The world has produced 8bn tons of plastic since the 1950s
and demand is still rising.
While some waste plastic is recycled, much of it is burnt to produce electricity, resulting in
carbon emissions that drive climate change. In contrast to plastic made from oil, plastics made from
plant-based materials only release the carbon the plants absorbed from the air as they grew. Bio-
plastics will also give more options for products that biodegrade (生物降解) in the environment,
although they can be made very long-lasting if required.
“Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives,” said Paul Mines, CEO of Biome
Technologies in the UK, which has spent t5m in the last five years on bio-plastics research. “But we
can’t go on using fossil fuel-based materials. About 6-7% of every barrel (桶) of oil is used to make
plastics.”
“Using plant materials is feasible,” said professor Simon, at the University of York. “Replacing
half of the nation’s plastic bottles could be done using just 3% of the sugar beet crop, 5% of wheat
straw or 2.5% of food waste,” he said.
Currently, just a few thousand tons of bio-plastic are used in the UK each year, compared to
millions of tons of conventional plastic. Mines said this could rise to about 20,000 tons in the next five
years.
......
What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Plastics arc necessary in daily life. B．Oil is the source of the world’s plastic.
C．Bioplastic making is a promising industry. D．Scientists are researching bioplastic
making.
【变式1】（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）
A trial project by the Montreal Children’s Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis (催
眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount ofmedicines used to perform medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) procedures.
“During the examination children don’t move. It works perfectly. It’s amazing,” said Johanne
L’Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.
The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where
examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia (麻醉).
A French medical-imaging technologist-also a hypnotist-was invited to train a few members in
the medical-imaging department of the children’s hospital. In all, 80 examinations were conducted for
the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would
cause anxiety.
......
What is the passage mainly about?
A．An easy way to communicate with patients.
B．The standard method of conducting hypnosis.
C．An introduction of medical-imaging technology.
D．The use of hypnosis in medical-imaging procedures.
【变式2】（2023年全国高三专练）
In previous recessions (经济衰退), billionaires were hit along with the rest of us; it took almost
three years for Forbes’s 400 richest people to recover from losses caused in 2008’s Great Recession.
But in the coronavirus recession of 2020, most billionaires have gotten richer than ever before.
Billionaires increased their new billions just as millions of other Americans ran into terrible
financial problems. More than 20 million people lost their jobs at the start of the pandemic. Food
banks across the country are preparing for another great increase in demand. Why are American
billionaires doing so well while so many other Americans suffer? People may find part of the reasons
from the following fact. Stocks (股票) are overwhelmingly owned by the wealthy, and the stock
market has recovered from its early-pandemic depths much more quickly than other parts of the
economy.
......
What does the author mainly tell us in the passage?
A．Food banks are not enough in the United States.B．The richest kept getting richer even in the pandemic.
C．The stock market recovered before the pandemic started.
D．400 richest people recovered from losses in the pandemic.
【变式3】（2022年江苏高三校考）
Light pollution is a significant but overlooked driver of the rapid decline of insect populations,
according to the most comprehensive review of the scientific evidence to date.
Artificial light at night can affect every aspect of insects' lives, the researchers said. "We strongly
believe artificial light at night — in combination with habitat loss, chemical pollution.invasive (入侵
的) species, and climate change — is driving insect declines, " the scientists concluded after assessing
more than 150 studies.
Insect population collapses have been reported around the world, and the first global scientific
review published in February, said widespread declines threatened to cause a "catastrophic collapse of
nature's ecosystems".
There are thought to be millions of insect species, most still unknown to science, and about half
are active at night. Those active in the day may also be disturbed by light at night when they are at
rest.
The most familiar impact of light pollution is moths (飞蛾) flapping around a bulb, mistaking it
for the moon. Some insects use the polarisation of light to find the water they need to breed, as light
waves line up after reflecting from a smooth surface. But artificial light can scupper (使泡汤) this.
Insects are important prey (猎物) for many species, but light pollution can tip the balance in favour of
the predator if it traps insects around lights. Such increases in predation risk were likely to cause the
rapid extinction of affected species, the researchers said.
The researchers said most human-caused threats to insects have analogues in nature, such as
climate change and invasive species. But light pollution is particularly hard for insects to deal with.
However, unlike other drivers of decline, light pollution is relatively easy to prevent. Simply
turning off lights that are not needed is the most obvious action, he said, while making lights motion-
activated also cuts light pollution. Shading lights so only the area needed is lit up is important. It is the
same with avoiding blue-white lights, which interfere with daily rhythms. LED lights also offer hopeas they can be easily tuned to avoid harmful colours and flicker rates.
What is discussed in the passage?
A．Causes of declining insect populations.
B．Consequences of insect population collapses.
C．Light pollution: the key bringer of insect declines.
D．Insect declines: the driver of the collapsed ecosystem.
1. （2023年新高考I卷）
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated
what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he
conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be
quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the
same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors
are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are
similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more
technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever
reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
......
What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment.
2. （2023年高考浙江卷）
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of
that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar
energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given
much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and
using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions,
see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative
Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be
protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical
approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar
farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing
habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator
populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over
28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation
organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—
and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar
panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon
reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going
on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32．What do solar developers often ignore?
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
33．What does InSPIRE aim to do?
A．Improve the productivity of local farms.B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development
3.（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
The conventional wisdom about insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures
whose behavior is entirely hardwired (天生的). But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising
discoveries about insect minds. Some species of wasps (黄蜂) recognize their nest mates’ faces and
acquire impressive social skills. For example, they can infer the fighting strengths of other wasps
relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves.
Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition (认知), it might seem surprising
that it took scientists so long to ask whether, if they are that smart, could also be sentient, capable of
feeling. Since we have no direct window into the inner world of an animal that cannot verbally
communicate its thoughts and feelings, the question of whether insects are sentient remained
academic.
15 years ago, I performed an experiment in which we asked whether bumblebees could learn
about t hreat from their natural enemies. We built a plastic spider model with a mechanism that would
briefly trap a bumblebee between two sponges before releasing it. The bumblebees showed a
significant change in their behavior after being attacked by the robotic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly,
they learned to avoid flowers with spiders and meticulously scanned every flower before landing.
Curiously, however, they some times even fled from imaginary threats, scanning and then abandoning
a perfectly safe, spider-free flower. Although this incidental observation did not constitute formal ev
idence of an emotionlike state, it did open the door to the idea that such states might exist in insects.
Some research suggested that insects might have positive states of mind. Researchers discoveredthat bees actively seek out drugs such as nicotin e and caffein e when given the choice and even treat
themselves with nicotin e when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being robbed of mating opportunities
prefer food containing alcohol, and bees even show withdrawal symptoms when removed from an
alcohol-rich diet.
Why would insects consume mind-altering substances if there isn't a mind to alter? But these
suggestive hints of negative and positive mind states still fell short of what was needed to demonstrate
that insects are sentient.
What does the text mainly discuss?
A．What insects' various behavior can reveal.
B．How insects communicate their thoughts.
C．What amazing powers insects possess.
D．Whether insects are capable of feeling.
4.（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）
......
Assuming alcohol does enhance the likelihood of a person interacting with someone they find
attractive. Bowdring believes her findings could reveal one process supporting the rewarding yet
potentially dangerous nature of alcohol - including its impact on risky behaviour.
“If you’re going to consume alcohol, I think it is worth reflecting on how can you do it in a way
that’s safe and consistent with your goals,” Bowdring said. “People may benefit by recognizing that
valued social motivations and intentions change when drinking, in ways that may be appealing in the
short term but possibly harmful in the long term.”
What does Bowdring mainly talk about in the last paragraph?
A．The significance of her research.
B．Reflection on her previous research.
C．The negative effects of drinking.
D．Social morality and standards.5.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）
In the late 1990s, a scientist named Mark Blumberg stood in a lab at the University of Iowa
watching a few sleeping newlyborn rats. He found that the baby rats kept making small, sharp
movements in their sleep, and that their closed eyes moved from side to side in a phenomenon known
as rapid eye movement (REM). Blumberg knew that the rats were fine, because he knew people do the
same during REM sleep. And scientists have long had an explanation for the twitches (抽动) and
REM: They are dreaming about their waking life.
However, as he dug deeper, he wondered why adult rats spend only about two hours of each night
in REM sleep, while baby rats spend an unusual amount of time in REM, often sleeping for sixteen
hours a day and dreaming for eight.
“If dreams are hints of waking life, adult rats who have more experiences should spend more time
in REM sleep. Why do baby rats, whose eyes are still shut, spend so much time in REM sleep when
they have too little to dream about?” he wondered. “Why do their eyes, their legs, tails and whiskers
move hundreds of thousands of times during their sleep?”
In the end, Blumberg concluded that it might be the other way around — perhaps the movements
were sending signals to the brain to help it learn about the body.
“You wouldn’t think that the body is something a brain needs to learn,” he wrote in a paper. “But
we aren’t born with maps of our bodies. We can’t be, because our bodies change by the day. But in
waking life, we cannot move only a single muscle. Even the simplest act of swallowing (吞咽)
employs more than thirty pairs of nerves and muscles working together. Our small and sharp
movements in sleep, by contrast, are exact and precise: They involve muscles one at a time. In other
words, such movements allow the muscles and nerves to form one-to-one connections that otherwise
would be impossible. It’s a process that’s most important for the brain to learn about the body as we
grow, suffer injuries and learn new skills.
12．What was the previous explanation for REM?
A．It was just an outward sign of dreams.
B．It showed the difficulty in sleeping.
C．It was an indicator of terrible dreams.
D．It only occured to sleeping baby rats.13．What can be learned from paragraph 2?
A．Baby rats have to spend all night in REM sleep.
B．REM sleep just accounts for part of the sleeping time.
C．It is unnecessary for baby rats to sleep 16 hours a day.
D．It is not enough for adults to have two hours of REM sleep.
14．What is a feature of the movements in REM sleep according to Mark Blumberg?
A．They teach the brain new skills and heal injuries.
B．Muscles have to work together to start the movements.
C．Each of them just involves a muscle and a nerve at a time.
D．They are less exact and precise than our daily movements.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．The importance of REM sleep.
B．The latest discoveries about dreaming.
C．The relationship between dreams and waking life.
D．A different explanation for the twitches during sleep.
6.（河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年石家庄市一中高三试题）We usually hear the term addiction
used when talking about drugs or alcohol. But researchers are finding that certain foods can trigger(引
发)the same feelings as drugs. It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a
happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical in our brain. Drugs and alcohol can cause a
similar high. So, it turns out, can some popular snack foods.
“We’re designed to find carbohydrates(碳水化合物)and fats reinforcing,” says Ashley Gearhardt.
She’s a psychologist. “Evolving(进化)such tastes helped our ancestors overcome famine when we
couldn’t find enough to eat and make sure we survive.” she explains. That critical role shaped the
brain’s reward system, making us hard-wired to enjoy carbohydrates and fatty foods.
The problem isn’t with all foods containing carbohydrates and fats. Fruit is full of sugar. Oats and
other whole grains have lots of carbohydrates. Nuts and meat have fat. But such unprocessed foods
eaten in a form that’s similar to how they grew-also contain other nutrients, such as fiber, that slow
digestion. That limits how quickly our bodies can absorb the nutrients. Cookies, candy, soda, fries and
other highly processed foods lack those additional nutrients. Such foods contain ingredients that havebeen highly changed from their natural state. They’re full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and added
fats. What’s more, they often contain ingredients that don’t naturally occur together. “Sugar and fat
don’t come together in nature,” Gearhardt says. But highly processed foods often “have unnaturally
high levels of both carbohydrates and fat.” When we cat these foods, we get a quick “hit” of
carbohydrates and fats that give the brain a boost That makes us want to eat them again and again.
“Pay attention to what you eat,” Gearhardt says. “It’s best to get plenty of nutritious foods for
your mind and body. That doesn’t mean you can`t have a donut or pizza now and then. Just be sure
you’re aware of what you’re eating.”
8．What directly makes us happy according to paragraph 1?
A．Addiction to foods. B．Snack foods.
C．Chemical in our brain. D．Some alcohol.
9．What does the underlined word “famine“ in paragraph 2 mean?
A．A lack of food B．A lot of difficulty.
C．Enemies D．Diseases.
10．What do we know about carbohydrates and fats?
A．Cookies have less carbohydrates and fats.
B．Unprocessed foods have more carbohydrates and fats.
C．Humans are born to be tired of carbohydrates and fats.
D．Processed foods have unnatural carbohydrates and fats.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Be Aware of Unprocessed Food B．Avoid Unprocessed Food
C．Eating Habits D．Shake Food Addiction
7. （河北省新时代NT教育2023-2024学年高三试题）
As we all know, insects can be remarkably agile (灵活的) in flight. This is really hard to build
into flying robots, but MIT Assistant Professor Kevin Yufeng Chen has developed an insect—sized
drone (无人机) that approaches insects’ agility.
Typically, drones require wide open spaces. “If we look at most drones today, they’re usually
quite big,” says Chen. “Most of their applications involve flying outdoors. The question is: Can you
create an insect-sized drone that can move around in very crowded and complex spaces?”According to Chen, he overcame many problems when building the drone. The insect-sized drone
requires a fundamentally different construction from a larger one. The large drone is usually powered
by a motor, but the motor loses efficiency as you shrink it. So, Chen says, “For an insect-sized drone,
you need to look for alternatives.” The principal alternative until now has been employing a small,
rigid actuator (执行器) built from new materials. Chen designed a more agile tiny drone using soft
actuators instead of hard ones.
Each actuator can beat nearly 500 times per second and weighs just 0.6 gram, approximately the
mass of a large bee. It gives the drone insect-like agility. “You can hit it when it’s flying, and it can
recover,” says Chen. “It can also turn over in the air.” The drone looks a bit like a tiny cassette tape
with wings, though Chen is also working on a new one shaped like a dragonfly.
Chen says his drone can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can perform machinery
inspections to ensure safety and function. Its potential applications include completing search-and-
rescue missions following a disaster. “All those things can be very difficult for existing large-scale
drones,” Chen explains. Sometimes, bigger isn’t better.
12．What is the disadvantage of the conventional drones?
A．They cost too much. B．They can only fly indoors.
C．Their construction is unstable. D．They are too large to enter narrow spaces.
13．What is the function of the actuator designed by Chen?
A．To power the insect-sized drone.
B．To make the new drone less flexible.
C．To make the new drone easily turn over.
D．To shape the new drone into a dragonfly.
14．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Safety standards of the new drone. B．Possible applications of the new drone.
C．Potential risks of the new drone. D．Design concept of the new drone.
15．Which is the best title for the text?
A．An Insect-like Small Drone
B．The Future of Insect-sized Drones
C．How Drones Will Change the Industry
D．What Problems Drone Development Are Facing8. （2024届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and
diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that
current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise
to 98 percent by 2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” — drivers’
concerns about running out of electricity on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located
across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being
developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA．
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed greatly over the last few years. Not that long
ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. Thanks to
improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of
electric cars are starting to persuade picky consumers. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion
engine (内燃机) models a run for their money.
As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric
boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity
from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the
global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air
travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing
battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial (商业的) electric flight a
reality.
Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions (排放). If the US could replace 87 percent of its
cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 percent. However,
because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles,
they cannot claim (声称) to be completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to
increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.
24．The underlined word “hurdle” in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.
A．aim B．difficulty C．result D．step
25．Why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars in the past?A．They were very poorly made. B．They were not widely promoted.
C．They were expensive. D．They couldn’t travel at a high speed.
26．What is the function of Paragraph 4?
A．To introduce the history of electric travel.
B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars.
C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars.
D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
27．Which is the best title for this passage?
A．Driving into a Cleaner Future B．History of Electric Cars
C．Problems with Petrol and Diesel Cars D．Best Means of Transportation
9. （2024届辽宁省沈阳市浑南区东北育才学校一模试题）Scientists at MIT have managed to
change ordinary spinach (菠菜) plants into natural sensors which can find chemicals used in bombs.
The secret to giving spinach these special powers is nanotech (纳米技术), which is scientific area that
deals with making or changing things that are extremely tiny.
“Ordinary spinach plants can be found everywhere and easy to store; like other plants, they
normally take in carbon dioxide gas,” the scientists say. “But actually they can sense small changes of
soil and water potential and respond to them. If we tap into this point, there is a wealth of information
to access.” That’s what the scientists use to power their tiny experiments.
For this experiment, the scientists placed two different kinds of tiny nano-materials into spinach
plants. To get them into the plants, the scientists put a liquid containing them on the bottom of the
plant’s leaves. As part of its natural process, the spinach plant pulls water through its roots and into its
leaves. If the water contains certain chemicals used in bombs, the tiny sensors in the leaves make the
nano-tubes, which, along with the sensors, were placed into the spinach plant before by the scientists,
produce a slightly special kind of light. By watching the plant constantly using a camera attached to a
cheap computer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from
explosives are found in the water.
The computer the scientists used is about the size of a playing card. They say that in the future,
their system could even use a cell phone with its camera changed slightly. Discovering chemicals usedin bombs is just one of the many uses the researchers are exploring. They have used such plants to
discover several other dangerous chemicals as well. From their point of view, there’s no doubt that in
the future, such systems could give farmers specific information about the health of the land and water
on their farms.
8．Why do the scientists use plants to do the experiment?
A．They are common in the daily life. B．They are environmentally responsive.
C．They absorb much carbon dioxide gas. D．They are small in size and easy to store.
9．What’s the function of the carbon nano-tubes placed into spinach plants?
A．To control the camera. B．To contain the liquid.
C．To fix the tiny sensors. D．To give off plant light.
10．What can we say about the application of the experiment?
A．It’s diverse. B．It’s unexpected. C．It’s limited. D．It’s cheap.
11．What’s the suitable title for the text?
A．Spinach Is Sensitive to Chemicals in Bombs
B．Spinach Sends Warning Emails Using Nanotech
C．Nanotech Helps Spinach Grov Healthily
D．Nanotech Protects Spinach from Danger
10. （浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）
Having spent more than a decade on the dance floor, ROME — Niccolo Filippi, a 23-year-old
Italian dance performer, recently decided to explore Chinese culture and its traditional dance forms
and believes that this experience will not only boost his career, but also broaden his horizons beyond
the world of dance.
His interest in diversifying his skills grew after he stumbled upon a short video of traditional
Chinese-styled dance on YouTube. “I saw it as an art that combines tradition and modernity, which
was mostly the reason why I liked it,” says Filippi.
Ever since, he has been closely following Chinese dance performers and watching numerous
videos to learn more about the traditional style that he admires. “I prefer the traditional style because
of its light movements. It also reflects my personality with elegance,” he adds.
Filippi’s chance came when he was invited to perform for a Chinese New Year celebration in thecentral Italian city of Florence. He has since fully committed himself to the art form, learning several
pieces and putting his newfound passion into practice.
“The biggest difference that I found (compared to other disciplines) is the change of mood and
emotional expressions among dances,” says Filippi, adding that he needed to shift from the dynamic
moves of hip-hop to the graceful and fluid movements of Chinese dance. Despite various obstacles,
Filippi’s efforts have not gone unnoticed. Two of his friends shared videos of his performances on
social media, and the response was overwhelming. One video garnered 500,000 views, while the other
received 200,000 views.
Filippi believes that learning about different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means of
personal growth. “I like to think of a person as a book,” he says. “Embracing different traditions and
cultures, such as Chinese culture and many others, is like adding new chapters to my book, making it
more diverse and wonderful.”
24．What is the main reason why Filippi falls in love with traditional Chinese dance?
A．Its potential to boost his career. B．Its mix of traditional and modern elements.
C．Its graceful and light movements. D．Its true reflection of his elegant personality.
25．How does the author illustrate the popularity of Filippi’s videos?
A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example.
C．By sharing a story. D．By making a comparison.
26．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Filippi thinks little of learning from other cultures.
B．People prefer to write down their past experiences.
C．Accepting various cultures boosts personal growth.
D．A book with chapters on traditions is more wonderful.
27．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Chinese-styled dance videos go viral on social media.
B．An Italian’s dance journey towards specialization starts.
C．Filippi’s desire for Chinese culture extends beyond dance.
D．An Italian dancer shows passion for Chinese-styled dance.
11. （2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）A robot created at Standford University is diving down to shipwrecks (沉船) in a way that
humans can’t do. Known as OceanOneK, the robot allows its operators to feel like they’re underwater
explorers, too.
OceanOneK resembles (像) a human diver from the front, with arms, hands and eyes that capture
the underwater world in full color. The back of the robot has computers and eight multidirectional
thrusters (推进器) that help it carefully explore the sites of fragile shipwrecks. When an operator at the
ocean’s surface uses controls to direct OceanOneK, the robot’s touch-based feedback system causes
the person to feel the water’s resistance.
The idea for OceanOneK came from a desire to study coral reefs in the Red Sea at depths beyond
the normal range for divers. While OccanOneK was designed to reach maximum depths of 656 feet,
researchers had a new goal:1 kilometer, hence the new name for OceanOneK. The researchers changed
the robot’s body by using special foam to increase buoyancy (浮力) and fight the pressures of 1, 000
meters more than 100 times what humans experience at sea level. OceanOneK also got two new types
of hands and increased arm and head motion.
During OceanOneK’s deep dive in February, team members discovered the robot couldn’t rise
when they stopped for a thruster check. Flotations on the communications and power line had
collapsed, causing the line to pile on the top of the robot.
OceanOneK’s descent was a success. It dropped off a memorial marker on the seabed that reads,
“A robot’s first touch of the deep seafloor — A vast new world for humans to explore.” Khatib, a
professor, called the experience an “incredible journey.” “This is the first time that a robot has been
capable of going to such a depth, interacting with the environment, and permitting the human operator
to feel that environment,” he said.
8．What can we learn about OceanOneK?
A．Its eyes are colorful.
B．It functions automatically.
C．It looks like its operator from the front.
D．It is remotely controlled to explore underwater.
9．How does the author develop the third paragraph?
A．By listing data. B．By raising questions.C．By reasoning and analyzing. D．By presenting an argument.
10．What does the underlined words “descent” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Successful operation. B．Deep diving.
C．Pressure resistance. D．Flexible exploration.
11．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．A Creative Explorer B．The Ambitious Exploration
C．A Self-driven Seeker — A Robot D．A Deep-Sea Explorer — OceanOneK
12.（福建省宁德第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题）
Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a
glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea
was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he
came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He
had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were
lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
“Thank you, but no thank you.” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs. author
and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need
to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the
glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed
without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in
her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More
scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will
get better, and one day we will control the climate. but that then? “Just the mention of us controlling
the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes.” “Something sounded wrong about
stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the
place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind
howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.12．Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph?
A．To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B．To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C．To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D．To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
13．Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?
A．The fight against climate change will not succeed.
B．Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C．It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D．Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
14．What is Grey Childs’s attitude to human’s controlling the climate?
A．Favorable B．Tolerant C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．But should we fix the climate?
B．Is climate change a real problem?
C．How can we take care of the earth?
D．What if all the glaciers disappeared?
13.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）
In 2020, Pink launched the World Regret Survey, the largest survey on the topic ever undertaken.
With his research team, Pink asked more than 15, 000 people in 105 countries, “How often do you
look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” Most of them said regret was at
least an occasional part of their life. Roughly 21 percent said they felt regretful all the time. Only 1
percent said they never felt regretful.
If you are of the “no regrets” school of life, you may think that all this regret is a recipe for
unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. Letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you.
But going to the other extreme may be even worse. To extinguish your regrets doesn’t free you from
shame or sorrow but causes you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt
requires that we put regret in its proper place.
Uncomfortable as it is, regret is an amazing cognitive feat. It requires that you go back to a pastscene. Imagine that you acted differently to change it, and with that new scene in mind, arrive at a
different present-and then, compare that fictional present with the one you are experiencing in reality.
Not all regrets are the same, of course. Pink says they come in four basic varieties, and an instance of
regret may involve just one combination.
Many connection regrets overlap (重叠) with moral regrets, which can come about after you go
against your own values. For example, you may pride yourself on being a loving person, and thus
regret not living up to this image in the relationship you harmed, Moral regrets can also involve just
yourself. Maybe you regret not living up to your commitment to your health when you ate a whole
pizza or skipped the gym.
If not analyzed and managed, any variety of regret can be harmful to your well-being. Regret is
linked to depression and anxiety, and excessive regret can adversely affect your immune system. But
regret doesn’t have to be put aside and ignored.
28．What could be concluded from Pink’s research?
A．Half of the people felt regretful. B．Most people lived without regrets.
C．None could live a life without regrets. D．The majority of the people had regrets.
29．What does the underlined word “extinguish” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Admit. B．Destroy. C．Treasure. D．Encounter.
30．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The harm of moral regrets.
B．The importance of commitment.
C．The relationship between regrets and values.
D．The connection between reality and imagination.
31．What might the author continue talking about?
A．Types of regrets. B．Causes of regrets.
C．Benefits of experiencing regrets. D．Ways of dealing with regrets.
14.（福建省厦门第二中学2023-2024年高三试题）
......
What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses
ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence ofcertainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have most
warrant (依据) for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove
them unfounded.”
......
What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
A．It is unwise to believe in science.
B．Too much uncertainty lies in science.
C．The foundation of science is unfounded.
D．The lack of certainty makes science credible.
15.（辽宁省朝阳市辽宁名校2023-2024学年高三试题）
Gelje Sherpa was leading a Chinese climber up Mount Qomolangma when he spotted a
Malaysian climber in need of help, and the two men then abandoned the summit (顶峰) in order to
rescue the Malaysian climber. They were in the “death zone”, an area near the summit of Mount
Qomolangma where temperatures are extremely low and where there isn’t enough oxygen to breathe.
The Malaysian climber had “nothing” and was on the brink (边缘) of death. Gelje recalled that no
one was helping him, no friends, no oxygen, no Sherpas with him and no guides. Stopping at an
altitude where the body was rapidly deteriorating (恶化) and where many deaths occur was quite
dangerous for him. However, other climbers and guides just focused on the summit, so that they didn’t
notice the Malaysian climber’s state.
According to Nepali officials, 12 people have died, and five are missing on Qomolangma as the
spring climbing season comes to an end. Gelje, the Sherpa, said there were a few likely reasons why
this season has been so deadly. The weather has been poor and extremely cold, and some climbers lack
experience or sufficient training for such a high altitude.
Gelje was guiding a Chinese climber to the summit when he made the decision that they would
abandon their journey to save the Malaysian climber.
It was nearly an impossible task: Gelje had to secure the climber to his back and carry him down
600 meters for about six hours before another guide joined the rescue. They then took turns carrying
the climber, wrapped in a sleeping mat, sometimes having to drag him through the snow, beforereaching a helicopter that carried them down to base camp.
The rescue, which took place on May 18, 2023, was massively challenging. Gelje has previously
carried out more than 55 rescues during his work as a guide, some very long operations, but he said the
rescue was the hardest in his life.
4．When did Gelje meet the climber in danger?
A．During the journey back to base camp. B．On the way to the top of the mount.
C．During the rest in the “death zone”. D．After climbing the summit.
5．Why did others ignore the climber in need of help?
A．They only cared about their arrival at the summit.
B．They lacked experience of helping people.
C．They were at a dangerous altitude.
D．They didn’t know the climber.
6．What do we know about Gelje from the text?
A．He’s an experienced coach. B．He’s careful and skilled at climbing.
C．He’s a rescue worker on Qomolangma. D．He’s irresponsible for the climber he led.
7．What can be the best title for the text?
A．A Hard Rescue for a Climber B．A Difficult Task from a Guide
C．A “Death Zone” Blocking Climbers D．A Sad Decision to Give Up Climbing
