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易错点 16 阅读理解词义猜测题
目 录
01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。
【分析】
这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必
不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜
测。
易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。
【分析】 阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词
与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的
事。
易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线
句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中
出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。【易错点提醒一】 词义/词组指代易混易错点
【例1】 （湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）
She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate
Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for
what would become the GPS orbit.
What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．A basic part. B．A detailed map.
C．A building material. D．A major obstacle.
【变式1】（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther
from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers
interact to cancel out each other’s sound.
What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster.
C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer.
【变式2】（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）
Actually, until her pregnancy Quarles had been living at breakneck speed. It went so until last
year. “I was exhausted,” she says. “I’d been working three jobs, doing my charity and going nonstop. I
was afraid my mental health was getting worse.”
......
Which of the following best explains “breakneck” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Safe and slow. B．Fast and dangerous.
C．Exciting and terrifying. D．Gentle and comfortable.【变式3】（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
In early 2021, I hit a rut in my studies. As a doctoral candidate at the University of Chicago in
Illinois, I worked to design safer, more effective materials for vaccine delivery. Although I had been
productive early in my graduate career, my long hours and hard work were no longer translating into
success in the laboratory, and I felt hopeless about achieving my goals. Something had to change.
......
What does the underlined part “hit a rut” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Stopped progressing smoothly. B．Had very slow reactions.
C．Accepted hard work’s value. D．Overcame a big problem.
【易错点提醒二】 代词指代猜测易混易错点
【例2】 （安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）
The creators of the wall hope it will bring an urgently needed solution to the threats facing the
African continent, creating 10 million jobs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 million tons of
carbon. The initiative is Africa-driven, which for those on the continent, is vital, and may hold the key
to success. “The Great Green Wall…is about ownership, and that has been the failure of development
aid because people were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union
Commissioner for the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative.“But this time they identify. This
is the very thing of us!”
What does “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．African Unions. B．All advocates. C．Land owners. D．All Africans.
【变式2】（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
Regulatory limits for how much PFAS food packaging should contain can vary greatly. For
instance, a new law in California set the limit at less than 100 ppm. “Compared to America, Denmark
sets a much lower regulatory limit of 20 ppm with great success,” said Xenia Trier, an expert at the
European Environment Agency. “It does work to set limits and enforce them. PFAS do migrate from
the paper into the food. Even though it was not 100%, we still saw considerable transmission. In
general, transmission from packaging to food is increased as the temperature of the food rises. It is thesame with the time spent in wrapping materials.” Trier told NBS, one of the major American mass-
media companies.
What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4?
A．Considerable migration of grease and water.
B．PFAS transmission from packaging to food.
C．Wrapper exposure to high food temperature.
D．Regulatory limits concerning food packaging.
【变式3】（2023年全国高三专项练习）
At the end of each day, the participants showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain.
The scientists were interested in two, small areas within it. Both areas produce dopamine, a chemical
that is important in craving and rewards. The two areas activated when hungry participants saw
pictures of tasty pizza or juicy hamburgers. After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas
became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with
friends.
......
What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．A midbrain area.B．A social activity. C．A volunteer. D．A hamburger.
【易错点提醒三】 句意猜测易混易错点
【例3】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）
Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are
already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a
house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.
......
The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that______.
A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied
B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor
C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life
D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage【变式1】（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）
Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia
was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed
me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for
life.
......
What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”?
A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever.
【变式2】（2022年全国高三专练）
When you need a job very much, you may end up taking
Of course, you may seek tasks and responsibilities that force you to learn something new or to
work harder. “You may be operating on autopilot（习惯性地）right now, but chances are that people
above you are stressed,” Sarah Hathorn says. “ Take things off your boss’s plate and let him know
which projects or tasks you want to learn more about.”
......
The underlined words “take things off your boss’s plate” mean______.
A．draw your boss’s attention B．share your boss’s burdens
C．give your boss useful advice D．ask your boss for a better position
【变式3】（2022·湖北孝感高三模拟）
As soon as I started pedaling again, my pants got caught in the chain, and I fell flat on my face
and hit my nose. Since that happened t my granddad decided to call it a day and try again the next
morning. The next morning I woke up bright and early, and was very eager to try to ride my bike. My
nose felt better, so I wasn’t that afraid of falling anymore.
......
What does the underlined part in the passage mean?
A．Remember what happened this day.
B．Make the author feel happy.C．Stop practicing bicycling.
D．Go on to ride a bike.
1.（2023年全国甲卷）
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves
and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
......
Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
2.（2023年全国乙卷）
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally
or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the
losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian
Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to
us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told
through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-
literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a
dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but
the objects.
14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
3.（2022年新高考I卷）
......
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project,said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking
forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the
project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate
4.（湖北省部分学校2023-2024学年高三起点试题）
Using first-of-their-kind observations from the James Webb Space Telescope. a University of
Minnesota Twin Cities-led team looked more than 13 billion years into the past to discover a unique,
minuscule galaxy cluster (星系团) that generated new stars at an extremely high rate for its size. The
galaxy is one of the smallest ever discovered at this distance —around 500 million years after the Big
Bang — and could help astronomers learn more about galaxies that were present shortly after the
universe came into existence.
......
What does the underlined word “minuscule” in paragraph l mean?
A．Extremely small. B．Remarkably dark.
C．Especially remote. D．Quite complicated.
5.（贵州省六盘水市2023-2024学年高三诊断性检测题）
But Oreos don’t attract you with taste alone; scents have a huge impact on the eating experience.
When you bite into an Oreo, chemicals in the cookie release odor ants into the air inside your mouth.
These scents flow to your nasal cavity (鼻腔), where they interact with smell receptors (感受器) and
enter your brain’s decoding (解码) process. Your brain is likely to find those smells delightful, says
Charles Spence, a professor of experimental psychology at the UK’s University of Oxford. Spence
says chocolate and vanilla are two of the world’s most liked smells.
......
What does the underlined word “they” in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A．Chocolates. B．Chemicals. C．Cookies. D．Scents.6. （福建省厦门集美中学2023-2024学年高三10月试卷）
“Let’s take a break,” partway through the meeting, my boss stood, saying. “I need more coffee.” I
picked up my empty cup. “I do, too,” I said, and handed it to him across the table. “Thanks,” I added,
looking at him expectantly. The boss was staggered for a moment, and then took the cup from me.
......
What does the underlined word “staggered” mean in the sixth paragraph?
A．Amused. B．Shocked.
C．Depressed. D．Excited.
7.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）
If the test is already set, the best way to prepare for it is with a battery of activities that most
closely look like the test itself. And so as the Big Standardized Tests have spread, publishers have
cranked out varieties of coaching workbooks that are all collections of short excerpts accompanied by
a set of multiple choice questions. Instead of teaching students how to read a whole book, we teach
them how to take a standardized test.
......
Which of the following can replace the phrase “cranked out” in paragraph 4?
A．charged B．canceled C．changed D．Produced
8. (福建省政和县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)
Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a
heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as
xenotransplantation (异种移植), could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving
thousands of lives each year.
......
What does the underlined word “run” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Donating his heart to a patient.
B．Performing the heart operation.
C．Living for 60 days after the operation.D．Receiving a new heart from a pig.
9. （福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）
Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to become involved in the heat of
a conflict, though this did occur, Dr Norscia looked at what happened in the three minutes immediately
following a fight. Sometimes, he found, the fighters reconciled with each other on their own. The
more distantly related the fighters were, the more frequently this happened. Dr Norscia guessed that
relations between close relatives are more secure to start with, so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly
is less necessary for them.
......
What does the underlined word “reconciled” probably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Caught up. B．Kept in touch. C．Made up. D．Changed in tune.
10.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
After rescuing the lonely animal, Sam and Vera found it extremely emotional to have to
release her back out into the wild to fend for herself—even though they knew it was the right thing to
do. But after having such a strong bond with an animal, it was really difficult to see her go. They had
put so much time, effort and energy into raising her but to see her walking in a herd of blesboks made
it all worthwhile.
......
Which word can best explain the underlined word “fend” in the last paragraph?
A．Look. B．Care.
C．Search. D．Hunt.
11.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三9月检测试题）
In the study, the researchers sought to understand how the brain uses this following information to
adjust our perception of what we initially heard. To do this, they conducted a series of experiments in
which the subjects listened to isolated syllables and similarly sounding words. Their results produced
three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous
a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previousspeech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word
unfolds. The brain makes commitments to its “best guess” of how to interpret the signal after about
half a second.
......
What does the underlined part “the signal” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The previous speech sound. B．The similarly sounding word.
C．The unclearly sounding word. D．The following speech sound.
12.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）
If you are of the “no regrets” school of life, you may think that all this regret is a recipe for
unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. Letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you.
But going to the other extreme may be even worse. To extinguish your regrets doesn’t free you from
shame or sorrow but causes you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt
requires that we put regret in its proper place.
......
What does the underlined word “extinguish” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Admit. B．Destroy. C．Treasure. D．Encounter.
13.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
Nick Verel, a 53-year-old kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohio, should have been near
the top of the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millions of others, he wasn’t having
any luck scheduling an appointment. Nick would sit with computers on his lap trying for hours to book
an appointment on different sites, which ended up in vain no matter how concentrated he was. “I felt
hopeless,” Nick says.
Then he heard about Zwinggi, a 40-year-old mother of three who was helping to secure
appointments for vulnerable individuals like Nick. So he messaged Zwinggi on Facebook: Can you
help? Thirty-five minutes later, Zwinggi reported back—Nick successfully had an appointment to get
the vaccine.
4．The underlined words “vulnerable individuals” in paragraph 2 refer to those ______.
A．who are too old to book an appointment. B．who need vaccine badly with serious disease.C．who have little experience with computers. D．who have little spare time with many kids.
C．A Great Way to Get the Vaccine D．The Vaccine Chaos
14.（2023年高三全国专练）
To reduce coffee cup waste, Cup Club is already replacing millions of takeaway cups in the UK,
while Recup in Germany, has performed a deposit system that simply adds a small extra fee to any
coffee cup which is returned to the buyer after the cup is deposited in any registered collection point.
......
What does the word “which” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．A collection point. B．A deposit system.
C．A small extra fee. D．Any coffee cup.
15.（2023年上海高三测试）
London resolved to live a full, exciting life. He once said, “ I would rather be a superb meteor( 流
星 ), every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent plane t. ” Each day, he
pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His
goal was to write at least one thousand words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick. In
eighteen years，the writer published fifty﹣one books and hundreds of articles. He was the best-
selling and highest-paid author of his day. Many people also considered him to be the best writer.
White Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about surviving in the
Alaskan wilderness. Readers can enjoy Jack London’s energy and his talent for telling wonderful
stories each time they open one of his novels.
......
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack London ________.
A．is expert at universe. B．aims high and strive to succeed.
C．is excited about life in the wildness. D．face a choice between life and death.
