文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题09 虚拟语气三大类用法归纳（讲案）原卷版
（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）
目录
一、虚拟语气快问快答 P1
二、虚拟语气思维导图 P2
考点清单一、if 虚拟条件句六大典型用法（表解） P2
考点清单二、从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”三大典型场合 P 5
考点清单三、特殊句型中虚拟语气四大用法 P 6
分层训练（一）单句填空（高考真题） P 7
分层训练（二）单句填空（模拟试题） P 8
分层训练（三）单句改错（模拟试题） P8
分层训练（四）单项选择 40 题（模拟试题） P 9
分层训练（五）虚拟语气助力书面表达升格 P1 3
分层训练（六）语法填空（外刊原创） P1 4
2024“北京作家日”五周年活动亮相第三十届北京国际图书博览会 P1 4
一、虚拟语气快问快答
Q1：什么叫虚拟语气？
A1：英语句子可以分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气多表示一种假设或愿望，常用于一些
固定句式中。
Q2：虚拟语气分哪三大类型？
A2：根据功能，虚拟语气可以分为if虚拟条件句、一二三四型虚拟句和特殊句型类虚拟句等。
Q3：学习虚拟语气难点在哪里？
A3：一是判读是否用虚拟语气，二是判断用哪种类型的类型，三是在写作中如何巧妙运用虚拟语气提升
句子表达力。Q4：如何才能学好虚拟语气？
A4：一是努力掌握虚拟语气基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，见多识广。
二、虚拟语气思维导图
考点清单一、if虚拟条件句六大典型用法
场合 从句谓语 主句谓语
If I had time, I would go for a walk. (事实上我现
与现在事 动词过去式 在没有时间，不能去散步．）
would+动词原形
实相反 (be用were) If I were invited, I would go to the dinner.（事实
上没有人邀请我，我也不能去参加宴会．）
If she had seen you yesterday, she would have asked
与过去事
had +动词过去分词 would have done you about it.
实相反
要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。
1.动词过去式(be用 If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we
与将来事
were) would+动词原形 would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨我们就不去爬
实相反
2.were to + 动词原形 山了。3.should + 动词原形
If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the concert last
错综条件 主句和从句与不同时间相反，则根据主
night.
句 从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。
如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上那场音乐会。
If 虚拟句 if条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in
省略 had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。 future. 如果你现在犹豫不决,将来你会吃苦头的。
含蓄条件 即句子含有without, but for, otherwise But for your advice, I would have failed.
句 等词，后面按主句对待。 如果不是你的建议,我会失败的。
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Sorry, I’m too busy now. If I_________(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
2. Were it not for the snowy weather, we _________(be) all right.
3. If I had a million dollars, I _________(put) it in the bank.
4. If I __________(take) had taken your advice yesterday, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.
5. If the captain had been more careful, his ship (sink).
6. If the Watergate Incident_______________(occur) Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.
7. If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t __________(fail) have failed in the exam.
8. If it ________/____________/______________(rain) tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
9. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
10. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she___________(live) there, she wouldn’t be
able to see her parents very often.
11. If it _________(be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
12. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________(be) able to speak it much better
now.
13. If you had told me the news yesterday, I ___________(worry) so worried now.
14. What would have happened _______ Bob walked farther, as far as the river bank?
15. _________he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
16. _________ she my daughter, I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.
17. _________ I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.
18. We ______________(put) John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
19. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _____________(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
20. _________ your help, I wouldn't have succeeded anyway.
考点清单二、从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”三大典型场合
用法 标志词 示例
一二三四类动词（接从 一坚持insist二命令order, It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till
句谓语用 should+动词 command 三建议 advise, next week. 有人建议会议推迟到下周。
原形，且should可以省 suggest, recommend 四要 The doctor required that the patient (should) be sent to
略） 求 demand, desire, hospital without delay. 医生要求病人毫不延误地送
require, request 到医院。
一二三四类动词派生来 order, command, advice, We agreed to the order that the task (should) be的名词后接从句，该从 suggestion, requirement completed at 5 o'clock.
句 谓 语 动 词 用 我们同意在5点钟完成任务的命令。
should+动词原形，且
Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon
should可以省略。
as possible. 我们唯一的要求是尽快解决这个问题。
It is strange that..从句谓 necessary, strange, It is strange that he should have acted toward his
语 用 should+ 动 词 原 impossible parents like that. 奇怪的是，他竟然对父母那样做。
形，且 should 可以省 It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along
略。若从句涉及已经发 the road seriously.
生 的 动 作 ， 则 应 用 至关重要的是，我们应该认真对待我们在路上的安
should have done。 全驾驶。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Eye doctors recommend a child’s first eye exam _______(be) at the age of six months old.
2. Jane's pale face suggested that she _______ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she ________ (have) a
medical examination.
3. The young man insisted that he ________(do) nothing wrong and that he ___________(set) free.
4. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _________(give) two weeks to prepare for the exam.
5. Your advice that____________(stay) there till next week is reasonable.
6. It is advisable that you ___________ (take) your work seriously, or it won't be long before you're laid off.
7. It is appropriate that some time _____________(devote) to thorough study of the results of the Apollo
mission.
8. He insisted that he ______ (be) really tired and that he _________(allow) to have a rest.
考点清单三、特殊句型中虚拟语气四大用法
要点精讲1：I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。
I wish that… 从句结构 示例
与现在事实相反 一般过去式 I wish it were autumn now.
与过去事实相反 过去完成式 He wished he had not lost the chance.
与将来事实相反 would+动词原形 I wish you would come soon.
I wish that I were ten years younger.
I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they _________(not be) always late.
2. How I wish every family ____________(have) a large house with a beautiful garden!
要点精讲2：if only表示“如果……该多好”，as if/though表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。
He looks as if he were an artist.
She looks as if nothing had happened to her.
If only I had seen the film with Jane last night.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
3. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it ___________(break).
4. Don’t handle the vase as if it __________(make) of steel.
5. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______________(follow) your advice.
要点精讲3：I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。
I'd rather that he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.
When my father is upset, he would rather that we left him alone.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he __________ (focus) more on its
culture.
7. —Did you go to the party last night?
—Yes, but I’d rather I ________ (go) there. It was so boring.
要点精讲4：It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。
It is high time that you went to school.
It is about time that we should set out at once.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
8. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ___________(do) something instead of just talking.
9. It's high time that we ________(commit)s to the task of protecting our environment.
10. I wish I ___________ (take) your advice last time, and then I wouldn't have been blamed by others.
分层训练（一）高考真题
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2020江苏) If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I __________(not be) where I am.
2. (2019天津) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task
in half the time.
3. (2019 江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________(have) a good time
together.
4. (2018天津)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the
beach.
5. (2018江苏) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
6. (2018江苏)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to
become more involved.
7. (2018北京) They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.
8. (2017 北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) to use, the accident would never have
happened.
9. (2017天津) —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach
her yesterday.
10. (2017 江苏)_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her
difficulty.
分层训练（二）模拟试题
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he ____________(be) busy.
2. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we____________ (see) more places of interest yesterday.
3. The time is not ripe. I'd rather you ____________ (not, say) anything about it for the time being.
4. ____________we made a great effort last term, we might have succeeded.
5. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would _________________(injure).
6. _________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu River.
7. If I ________(know) about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been
saved.8. If it were not for the fact that you ____________ (be) ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
9. Without the doctor's timely operation, the little girl ____________ (lose) her life.
10. It is high time that we ____________ (place) great emphasis on the improvement of food safety.
分层训练（三）单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
1. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
2. The manager proposed that Tom was given an opportunity to explain why he'd refused to go there.
3. If only I listened to my parents, I might have passed the driving test!
4. The conference wouldn’t have be so successful if we hadn't made adequate preparation.
5. If only there was some magic button I could push to take away the sadness in her eyes.
6.—Larry, such mistakes could have avoided if you had been more careful.
—Sorry, sir. I'll do better next time.
7. I can't stand him. He always talks as though he knows everything.
8. I made the suggestion that she stuck to the plan she had made.
9. It was ordered that no smoking was not allowed in the library, which made the smokers unhappy.
10. How I wish I bought that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.
分层训练（四）单项选择
1. If you had told me in advance, I _____you up at the airport.
A. would pick B. should have picked C. would have picked D. will have picked
2. Some animals are in danger of dying out, so it is high time that the government ______ some
measures to protect endangered animals.
A. take B. took C. has taken D. will take
3. We showed up early and had to wait two hours before the ceremony began. We ______.
A. shouldn’t hurry B. needn’t have hurried C. mustn’t have hurried D. wouldn’t hurry
4. We didn't know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we ______ you a hand.
A. gave B. had given C. would give D. would have given
5. How I wish I ________ someone to turn to for advice when I was puzzled.
A. would have B. had C. have had D. had had
6. If the chopsticks are partly placed in the water, it looks as if they_______.
A. break B. have broken C. were broken D. had been broken
7. My sister’s pale face suggested that she _____seriously ill, and my parents suggested that she ______
to see the doctor immediately.
A. was; go B. were; go C. be; went D. was; went
8. I don't think it is advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.
A. will be assigned B. be assigned C. should assign D. can be assigned
9. My professor recommended that I ______ classical technique first to establish solid technical skills.
A. should have learnedB. would learn C. learned D. learn
10. If you ______a few minutes earlier, you would have met the famous scientist.
A. had come B. have come C. were to come D. should come
11. _______ his phone number yesterday, I would have called her up.A. Should he know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. Have I known
12. He would have written the manager a letter to express his thanks this morning, but he ______.
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy
13. Susan is going to deliver a speech about the culture of his country, but I’d rather she_______ more on its
education.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
14. But for your generous help, we ________ the task ahead of time.
A. would not fulfill B. would not have fulfilled
C. would fulfill D. would have fulfilled
15. The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he _____ it indirectly.
A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
16. This digital camera is of fine quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at
our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
17._____it rain this afternoon, the football match would be put off till next Friday.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
18. The professor insisted that his solution ______more practical and that we ______it into practice as soon
as possible.
A. was; put B. was; must put C. should be; put D. should be; put
19. If the ambulance had come here sooner last night, the patient ______now.
A. will be alive B. will have been alive C. would have been alive D. would be alive
20. ---Lily looks hot and dry today.
---So _____ you if you had so high a fever.
A. do B. are C. will D. would
21.-- I’ve told Jenny the truth about the new house.
---But I’d rather you ______.
A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t
22. It was demanded that the working conditions in that area _______ as soon as possible.
A. must improve B. improve C. was improved D. be improved
23. Look at the situation I’m in. If only I ______ your advice earlier!
A. took B. would take C. had taken D. should take
24. She might have been in time for the interview, but she ______up late.
A. got B. has got C. was to get D. had got
25.--The museum is only five minutes’ walk! We should have walked there.
--Yes, a taxi _______ necessary at all.
A. wasn’t B. isn’t C. hadn’t been D. won’t be
26. ______ the traffic jam on the highway, we should have arrived at the stadium earlier.
A. In spite of B. Because of C. But for D. Due to
27. If only I ______ an umbrella last night! I was wet through.
A. took B. should take C. had taken D. take
28. Sorry, I am too busy at the moment. If I ____free, I would certainly go for a walk with you.A. have been B. had been C. am D. were
29. It is essential that these application forms ______ back as early as possible.
A. are sent B. be sent C. will be sent D. should send
30. How I wish I ____ to repair the cellphone! I only made it worse.
A. had tried B. hadn't tried C. have tried D. didn't try
31. If he ___ to the teacher attentively yesterday, he ___ the answer to the problem now.
A. had listened; would have known B. listened; would know
C. listened; would have known D. had listened; would know
32. My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life______ to finance the Project with their deeper
love for these children.
A. be encouraged B. are encouraged C. were encouraged D. should encourage
33. I can’t stand the young man sitting in the front. He always talks as though he ______ everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
34. Thomas can take his motor apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he ___ me how.
A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach
35. The new traffic law requires that everyone ___ his or her car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had C will have D. have
36. Linda couldn’t have answered the question so easily if she _______ a few books on world history before
hand.
A. hadn’t read B. hasn’t read C. wouldn’t have read D. didn’t read
37. To be frank, if it were not for the fact that you _____a reliable person, I would not take such
pains to help you.
A. were B. are C. had been D. have been
38. ___ what was going to happen next, I would never have left her alone.
A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known
39. It is unbelievable that such an excellent football team _____have failed in the finals.
A. would B. must C. should D. could
40. My demand was that the information referred to in my report _____to Mr. Brown without delay.
A. should email B. emailed C. must be emailed D. be e-mailed
41. ---Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
---No, but I wish I ______.
A. will B. have C. did D. had
42. The order came that all the small coal mines _______down in half a year.
A. would be closed B. should be closed C. must be closed D. would close
43. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily
A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for
44. —You should have fed the birds yesterday. —Sorry, I _____all about it.
A. was forgotten B. have forgotten C. forgot D. forget
45. If you ___ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.
A. haven’t watched B. hadn’t watched C. didn’t watch D. wouldn't have watched分层训练（五）虚拟语气助力书面表达
1.(2023新课标I卷) 没有你的认可和指导，我不可能写这篇文章。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2.如果他们当时知道接下来会发生什么事情，他们有可能就会重新考虑了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3.如果昨天晚上下了雨的话，今天就会非常凉爽了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4.我们在那个小村庄迷了路，否则我们昨天就能参观更多的名胜古迹了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5.要不是因为船长的努力，我们就会连船带人都沉没了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6.要是没有英语老师的帮助，我就不会在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7.她竟然嫁给这样一个穷光蛋，真是太奇怪了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9.我要是去车站送过她就好了，但我当时太忙了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10.到了他该上床睡觉的时候了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
11. 我愿你下个星期天去。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
12. 那两个新来的人聊天的样子仿佛他们已经相识多年了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
13. 看看我的麻烦！要是我接受你的建议就好了！
__________________________________________________________________________________________
14. 如果我多等一分钟、我就坐上汽车了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
15. “要是我当初听取了妈妈的建议该多好!”小女孩低声对自己说。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
分层训练（六）语法填空（外刊原创）
5th anniversary of 'Beijing Author Day' celebrated at 30th Beijing International Book Fair
2024“北京作家日”五周年活动亮相第三十届北京国际图书博览会This year marks the 5th anniversary of the "Beijing Author Day" brand event, coinciding with the 30th
Beijing International Book Fair. The event attracted prominent writers and critics from China and 33
1 countries, including representatives of publishers and Sinologists.
2 its inception in 2019, "Beijing Author Day" has become a crucial platform for promoting
Beijing literature globally. Over the past five years, 41 works by 35 Beijing writers 3 (sign) with
foreign publishers, translating into 13 languages across 18 countries, totaling 4 (approximate) 7.35
million words.
At the opening ceremony, Chen Ning, Party secretary of Beijing Federation of Literary and Art Circles,
highlighted the progress made over the past five years.
She noted that "Beijing Author Day" has created a 5 (comprehension) chain from content
translation, cultural exchange, public reading, market cooperation, to promotion. This has effectively established
an "international circle of friends" for Beijing literature 6 created a complete ecosystem for its global
outreach.
Chen expressed her hopes for this year’s activities, aiming to 7 (far) the development of Beijing
literature, inspire writers, foster cultural exchanges, and enhance global 8 (recognize) of Beijing's
literary achievements.
Following the opening ceremony, a seminar titled "Chinese Stories, World Literature: A Dialogue on
Beijing in Cross-cultural Settings" 9 (hold), moderated by writer Li Er. Chinese authors Liu Zhenyun,
Qiao Ye, and Shi Yifeng engaged in in-depth discussions with Sinologists from Turkey, the United States, and
Mexico, 1 0 (explore) the global significance of Beijing literature and stories.
