文档内容
专题 05 情态动词和虚拟语气
目录
01考情透视·目标导航..........................................................................................................2
02知识导图·思维引航..........................................................................................................3
03考点突破·考向探究..........................................................................................................4
考点一 考查情态动词的基本用法（情态动词后接动词原形）............................................4
【真题研析】........................................................................................................................................4
考点二 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法............................................................................4
【真题研析】........................................................................................................................................4
【核心精讲】........................................................................................................................................5
【命题预测】........................................................................................................................................9
考点三 考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法.......................................................................................9
【真题研析】........................................................................................................................................9
【核心精讲】........................................................................................................................................9
【命题预测】.....................................................................................................................................10
04 重难点突破 情态动词和虚拟语气知识的综合运用.........................................................10情态动词和虚拟语气
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
(2024年1月浙江高考卷) 61.be offered
考查情态动词
熟练掌握情态 (2024·全国甲卷)45.be done
的基本用法
动词的基本用
（情态动词后 (2023年全国甲卷) be employed
法 从近三年高考试题来
接动词原形）
看，情态动词和虚拟
语气考点有可能在语
法填空中考查，但更
多的是在写作中考
查。
预计在 2025 年高
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) should 考中，情态动词和虚
拟语气可能在语法填
考查情态动词 熟练掌握情态 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)must
空中考查，可能在写
的基本含义及 动词的基本含
(2022·全国甲卷)can 作范文中使用。
用法 义和用法
考查情态动词 掌握情态动词
（2020江苏卷）wouldn’t be
在虚拟语气中 在虚拟条件句
（2019天津卷）would have accomplished
的用法 中及名词性从（2018江苏卷）had
句中的用法
（2018北京卷）had driven考点一 考查情态动词的基本用法（情态动词后接动词原形）
1.(2024年1月浙江高考卷) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help
even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t
want to eat them every day.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)What should 45 （do）with such a beautiful place?
3.(2023年全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through
the ages can still ______ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
情态动词后接动词原形这个考点虽然简单，但考题显现它还是有可能考的，解题关键是理解句意和时
态语态知识的综合考查不可忽视。考点二 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法
1. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Teachers and chaperones ________ model good behavior for the group and remain with
students at all times.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students ________ be ready to complete short
inclass writings.
3.(2022·全国甲卷)In humans, babies ________ put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but
it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.
1．情态动词的基本用法。
（1）can/could的用法
①表示能力，could表示过去的能力。
②表示可能(理论上或是逻辑上)。
He can't/couldn't have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。
③表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen?我能看看你的新钢笔吗？
④表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
He can't/couldn't be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁了。
How can you be so careless?
你怎么能这么粗心呢？
⑤比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can/Could you lend me a hand?
你能帮我一下吗？
（2）may/might的用法
①表示允许。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。回答以may引起的问句时，用
Yes, please./Certainly./Please don't./You'd better not.等。②表示可能。might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
（3）must的用法
①表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。
All visitors must report to reception.
所有来宾必须到接待处报到。
②用must提问，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't/don't have to。
③表示推测，暗含很大可能性，意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale.他一定是病了。他看起来很苍白。
④表示“偏偏，非要”。
Must you ask me such a question?你非得问我这样的问题吗？
⑤mustn't 意为“不要，千万别”，表示禁止。
Children mustn't play with fire.孩子们不能玩火。
（4）shall的用法
①表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
②表示说话人的意愿，有“命令，允诺，警告，决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say. (命令) 你要照我说的去做。
Everyone shall not pass without permission! (警告)没有允许，任何人休想通过！
（5）will的用法
①表示意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我就借给你。
②表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
These things will happen. 这些事情早晚要发生。
③表示临时作出的决定。
—Someone is knocking at the door.
—I will answer it.
——有人在敲门。
——我来开门。
（6）would的用法
表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
①表示意愿。She just wouldn't do what I asked her.
她就是不愿照我说的去做。
②表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
When he was young, he would sit in front of the door, waiting for his father to come back home.
小时候，他常常坐在门口等着爸爸回家。
（7）should/ought to的用法
①表示义务，意为“应该”(某件事适宜做)，用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.你应该对老师有礼貌。
Such things ought to be banned.这种事应该禁止。
②表示推测，意为“想必，一定，照说应该，估计”等。
They should be home by now.他们现在应该在家。
If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.他如果九点出发，现在应该到这里了。
③should还可以用在if引导的虚拟条件从句中。should置于句首时，省略if，相当于“万一”的意思。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
Should you change your mind, please let us know.
万一你改变主意，请让我们知道。
④should还可用在以 why, who, how等开头的疑问句或某些感叹句中，带有感情色彩。意为“竟然，竟
会”。
Why should you be so late today?
你今天竟然来得这么晚？
⑤在It is＋adj.＋that从句中，从句的谓语动词常用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
It is vital that every student (should) respect their teachers.
每个学生都应该尊重他们的老师，这很重要。
（8）need的用法
need表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn't表示“不必”。need作实义动词时，可用于肯定
句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化；其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾语。
The classroom needs cleaning.
＝The classroom needs to be cleaned.
教室需要打扫。
（9）dare的用法
dare意为“敢，敢于”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接动词原形。作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后的不定式可省
略to。
We should not be producing compliant students who do not dare (to) criticize.
我们不应当把学生培养成不敢批评的唯唯诺诺的人。
（10）used to/had better/might as well的用法
①used to＋动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.过去在街角有一幢大楼，但现
在已经被拆掉了。
I used not/didn't use to like opera. 我过去不喜欢歌剧。
Used you/Did you use to go to school on foot?你过去常常步行去上学吗？
②had better意为“最好”，后面接动词原形，否定式为had better not do。【高频再现】
We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.
以防下雨，我们最好带把伞。
③might as well意为“倒不如……，还是做……好”。 【高频再现】
The heavy rain ruined our trip. We might as well have stayed at home.
大雨毁了我们的旅行。我们还不如待在家里。
2.情态动词后跟完成式的用法
分类 形式 用法
must have done 对过去的动作的肯定推测，表示肯定做过某事
表示对过去情况的否定推测，用于否定句和疑问句，
can't/couldn't have done
表示不可能做过某事
对过去的推测
表示对过去情况的不太肯定的推测；用于肯定句、否
may/might
定句，但不用于疑问句。表示“可能”。might have
have done done 也用于虚拟语气句，表示未实现的动作
needn't have done 过去没有必要做……但实际上做了
should/ought to have
对过去情况的 过去本应该做……而实际上并未做
done
后悔、遗憾或
责备等
would have done 本来会做……而未做
could have done 本来可以做……但是实际没有做1.(2024•黑龙江省双鸭山一中月考) I can't believe such a gentleman ________ be so rude to the old.
2．Mrs Morrison ________ (make) a good salary in an office job instead of staying at home, but she decided not
to work for the sake of her children.
3．She (participate) in the activity, for she was doing paperwork in the office then.
4．He must (pass) the exam, because he was so happy the whole day.
情态动词+have done的用法是个难点，二轮复习要有意识地进行强化，情态动词+完成时表示对过去发生
事实的推测。
考点三 考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
1.（2020江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ______________(be) where I am.
2. （2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in
half the time.
3.（2018 江苏卷）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to
become more involved.
4.（2018北京卷）They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.
虚拟语气的常用用法
（1）if虚拟条件句的用法
场合 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语形式
与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be用were) would / could / should / might+ 动词原形与过去事实相反 had +动词过去分词 would/ could / should / might have done
1.动词过去式(be用were)
与将来事实相反 2.were to + 动词原形 would / could / should / might + 动词原形
3.should + 动词原形
（2）从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”的情况
① (坚持insist命令order, command建议advise, suggest, recommend要求demand, desire, require, request)
接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。但应注意insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，
表明”时，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.
②名词(order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement等)后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，
且should可以省略。
We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock.
③It is necessary/strange/ impossible..that..从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。若从句涉及已
经发生的动作，则应用should have done。
It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.
（3）特殊句型中虚拟语气的用法
①I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。
I wish 从句结构 示例
与现在事实相反 一般过去式 I wish it were autumn now.
与过去事实相反 过去完成式 He wished he had not lost the chance.
与将来事实相反 would+动词原形 I wish you would come soon.
②if only表示“如果……该多好”，as if/though表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。
③I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。
④It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。
1．(2024·海南省海口市高三能力诊断)I ________ (not worry) before I came to the new school, for my
classmates here are very friendly to me.
2．(2024·辽宁省辽西联合校高三期中)I am sure I would have lost him if I ________ (continue) dancing.
3．It is high time that we ________ (join) hands to protect the only home we have.
4.（2018江苏卷）It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.04 重难点突破 形容词和副词基本知识的综合运用
情态动词和虚拟语气考点的关键能力：
1．熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法：情态动词+动词原形。
2．根据具体的语境判断使用相应的情态动词。
3．注意情态动词的特殊用法。例如should“竟然”。
4．近年来情态动词与动词时态、语态联考是重点。
5．根据具体语境恰当使用虚拟语气表达自己的思想感情，尤其是在写作中。
1．---- Why are your eyes so red? You have slept well last night.
---- Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
2．—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You should (make) full preparations.
3．I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn’t (eat) so much fried chicken just now.
4．The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could (express) it
indirectly.
5．—I honestly don’t think I’m going to be admitted.
—Well, you never know! You have made a better impression than you think.
