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专题 11 情态动词和虚拟语气
易错题【01】情态动词基本用法
易错题【02】情态动词表推测的用法
易错题【03】虚拟语气
01 情态动词基本用法
1.(2020·天津卷)Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。
【问诊】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净
整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as
long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可
以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
【答案】 B
【叮嘱】情态动词主要用以表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点。用在行为动词前，
表示说话者对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。表达说话者的情态主要包括能力、
可能、命令、要求、许诺、威胁等。虽然数量不多，但是用途广泛。情态动词是表示
语气的单词，本身虽然有一定的词义，但不能独立的作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化，
只能和动词一起构成谓语。
情态动词的语法特征：
人称和数：情态动词没有人称和数的变化。句法功能：情态动词不能单独作谓语，后
跟动词原形共同构成谓语。否定形式：多数情态动词的否定式是在情态动词的后面加
not。时态形式：个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、
委婉的语气。句中位置：情态动词在句中放在谓语之前；谓语动词前若有助动词，则
在助动词之前。疑问句中则在主语之前。常见的情态动词：
1.情态动词近几年常考点
总结近几年高考语法填空对情态动词的考查可知，主要涉及以下3点：
(1)情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词be构成谓语。
(2)含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
(3)该用过去式时没用，有过去式的情态动词有：can→could、may→might、
shall→should、will→would、have to→had to、dare→dared。
2．情态动词的基本用法
(1)can/could
①表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)；②相关的特殊句型有：
can not ... too .../enough(再怎么……也不过分)、can't help but do sth.(不得不做某事)、
can't wait to do sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。
(2)may/might
①表较小的可能性；②表示请求许可以及祝愿。相关句型或搭配：may/might as well do
表示“还是……好；最好……”；may well do表示“很可能”；③may可以用来表示
祝愿，用“may＋主语＋动词原形”结构。
May you succeed.祝你成功。
(3)must
①表示非常肯定的推测；②表“偏要；非要……不可”；
③mustn't意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn't。
(4)shall的用法
①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should；
②用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见。
(5)should/ought to
①should表责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”，还可表出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然”；②ought to表义务或责任，意为“应该”。
(6)will/would
①表意志或意愿；②表事物的某种性质和倾向，或“按规律”“注定会”；③表示习
惯，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用
would。
(7)need和dare
need“需要”和dare“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
1．The only thing that I ________ do was that I wished her a long life.
答案与解析 could 根据语境“唯一能做的事”及从句中的wished可知，该空填情态
动词could。
2．It can give us energy and making us happy.________
答案与解析 making→make 情态动词之后应接动词原形构成谓语，故making改为
make。
3．Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last.________
答案与解析 must→could 根据语境“我能够让我的玩具更耐用”及found可知，应
用could。must表“必须”。
4．So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.________
答案与解析 should后加be 情态动词之后不能直接接形容词或名词，应与系动词be
构成复合谓语。
02 情态动词表推测的用法
【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious
problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。
【问诊】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造
成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，
故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；
should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
【答案】C
【叮嘱】
一般时、进行时、
肯定句 一定；肯定
完成时
must
Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as
a strong－willed man.
一般时、进行时、
can 疑问句，否定句 可能，能够
完成时
(could)
It can't be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
一般时、进行时、
肯定句、否定句 也许，可能
完成时
may
—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway
(might) official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might have stolen it.
Should 肯定句、否定句 一般时、完成时 确定或期待，应该
(ought to) I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
1.(2018·天津高考)I can't find my purse. I might ________ (leave) it in the supermarket
yesterday, but I'm not sure.
答案与解析 have left 根据句中时间状语yesterday可知该处是对过去事实的假设，
应用“情态动词的过去式＋have done”，设空前已有might，故填have left。
2．(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books onthe top shelf.
答案与解析 can 句意：塞缪尔，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶层的书。
根据语境可知，此处表示“能力”，应用can。
3．You ________ not have waken me up. I don't have to go to work today.
答案与解析 need 根据语境“今天不上班”可知，语境表达“没必要叫醒我”，故
填need。
03 虚拟语气
(2020·江苏卷)If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。
【问诊】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。
分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与
现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
【答案】C
【叮嘱】
1.if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
表示现
动词过去式(be的过去式用 should/would/could/might＋动
were) 词原形
在情况
表示过
should/would/could/might＋
had＋过去分词
have＋过去分词
去情况
should＋动词原形
表示将
should/would/could/might＋动
动词过去式
词原形
来情况
were to＋动词原形
·If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。
[提示] (1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现should、were或had，可以把if省略，把
should、were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。
(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综时间条
件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。
(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without、
or、 otherwise、 but for等词或短语来表示。
2．should＋do ...结构的虚拟语气
用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的这类动词有：demand，
order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，prefer，
desire，recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should
可以省略。
一主张：insist；二命令：order，command；三建议：suggest，advise，recommend；四
要求：request，require，ask，demand；外加一个敦促：urge。
用于主语从句中：
在“It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/ necessary/important/strange/natural/a
pity/essential＋that从句”中，从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省
略。
用于表语从句和同位语从句中：
在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同
位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。·Your
suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable.
你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。
3．wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反时，谓语用
过去式；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用
“could/would/might＋动词原形”。·I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket.
我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
4．would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表
示与现在或将来事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。
I would rather they didn't hear of the news.
我宁愿他们没听说那个消息。(对现在或将来的虚拟)
I would rather I had not told him the bad news.
我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。(对过去的虚拟)
5．It is (high/about) time (that) ...意为“是……的时候了”，that从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去时；另一种是用“should＋动词原形”，需
要注意的是，这里的should不能省略。
·It's high time that we got/should get down to working.
该我们着手工作的时候了。
6．if only从句中的虚拟语气
if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望，用法和wish相同。
If only I were a flying bird!
我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊！
If only I had seen the film!
我要是看了那部电影该多好啊！
7．as if，as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反
用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
He looks as if he were an artist.
他看起来像个艺术家。
She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.她讲英语如此流利，好像她在美国学过英语。
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.
他如此努力地学英语，好像他要去美国。
1．There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ (have) a second chance to
become more involved.
答案与解析 had 句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，我希望我有机会去更多地参
与其中。wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，
故填had。
2．If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
答案与解析 had been put 句意：如果新的安全系统投入使用，这个事故就不会发生
了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，故从句用had done 形式，从句主语system与
put to use 是被动关系，故用had been put。
高考真题在线
1.(2021.3 天津卷 单选)It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing
another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A. need B. should C. could D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：以前你可以开车到这里走好几英里，而看不到别
的人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A.need需要；B.should应该；C.could能、可以；
D.must必须。根据句意可知，本空应填could。故选C
2．(2020·天津卷单项填空)Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean
and tidy .A．must B．can C．need D．should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干
净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的
“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，
可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
3．(2020·天津卷单项填空)You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance.
After all, he had done his best.
A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕
竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指
做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have
done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。
【点睛】
must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，指“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定
句：
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿
的。
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
should have done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”
shouldn't have done表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意.
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.汤姆,你太懒惰
了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.看，汤姆哭了，我本来
不应该对他如此严厉。4. (2020·江苏卷单项填空)If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have
been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。
分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与
现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
5.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a
good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D.
had had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一
起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假
设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would,
could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
6.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they
____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时
间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情
的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，
主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
7.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在
句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主
语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选
B。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语
从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是
如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：
It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。) It
is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. (虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该
犯错。)
8.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second
chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去
更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句
用一般过去时。故选A。
9.【2018·天津】I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm
not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有
可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情
的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能
肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。
10.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious
problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can
D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造
成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故
该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should
应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
11.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more
kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D.
had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好
的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if
____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完
成时态，故D选项正确。
12.【2018·天津】 If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our
holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受
我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had +
v-ed。故选A。
13.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on
the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D.
need
【答案】C
试题分析：A. must 必须；B. should应该；C. can能；D. need需要。句意：Samuel，
我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故
用can，答案为C。
考点：考查情态动词
14.【2017·北京卷】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have
happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be
put
【答案】A
试题分析：句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。
根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可
知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。
考点：考查虚拟语气。
【名师点睛】
英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。
1、陈述语气(疑问，否定，肯定，感叹)2、祈使语气(命令，要求，建议，警告)
3、虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.
15.【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not
overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形
式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。
16.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I
asked to watch them，my parents would not to let me.____________________
17.[2016·课标全国卷Ⅱ] Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest
nearby.____________________
18.[2015· 课 标 全 国 卷 Ⅰ ] We must found ways to protect our
environment.____________________
19.[2015·四川卷]If you are me，would you talk to them？________
20.We would rather our daughter stay at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a
child any longer. ____________________
16.let前的to去掉 17.can→should或去掉can 18.found→find
19.are→were 20.stay→stayed
高考模拟真题在线
根据句意，用适当的情态动词、虚拟语气填空
1．It is raining heavily outside. You ____________ as well stay here for the night.
2．But for the timely help of the PLA man that day, you ____________(kill) in the car crash.
3．I’m very busy with my Mid-term examination, or I __________ (go) to see the movie
with you.
4．While taking exams, a student _________ never be too careful to get high grades.5．— Tom has arrived. _________ he come in to see you? —Yes, of course. Call him
in.
6．Why are you here? It’s class time and you __________ be in the classroom now.
7．Had you studied harder at college, you __________(get) a better job now.
8．You _________(not) sit in this part. It’s for women and children only.
9．— Let’s go to see a film. — Why today. I’d rather we __________ (see) a film
tomorrow.
10．The old man treated the boy as if he _________ his own son.
11．Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might________(make)
of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
12．When I was small, my mom ________ read me stories at night．
13．The accident ________ have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we don't
know for sure．
14．He looked so hungry as though he ________ (eat) a decent meal for a month．
15．I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I ________ (keep) you waiting
for such a long time．
16．Although passing the driving test ________ be difficult now, it's worth the efforts．
17．My mother ________ (be) angry with me, but I couldn't shut my mouth before I shouted
at her!
18．I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness, but it ________ (cause) by eating too
much．
19．—Can I pay the bill by check?
—Sorry, sir． But it is the rule of our hotel that payment ________ be made in cash．
20．Passengers ________ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his
focus off the road．21．Smoking can ________ your health. (damage)
22．He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ______ (come) to the meeting.
23．We must________ (strength) the defence works.
24．The air was so cold that we could hardly ________ (breath).
25．Tom wishes that he __________(study) law instead of history when he was in university.
26．The student insisted that he __________(try) his best and he insisted that he __________
(praise).
27．I __________(attend) my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
28．They stared at me as if I __________(come) from the outer space.
29．He suggested we __________ (appeal) to the high court against the sentence.
30．—Do you want to drive out?
—No. I’d rather we __________(take) a taxi.
31．But for your instruction, I __________(not make) such great progress.
32．His ship was delayed because of the heavy fog yesterday; otherwise I __________ (pick)
him up on time.
33．__________ I followed your advice, I would have had no trouble with my exam.
34．It’s a pity that her husband __________ (attempt) to deal with this problem in such a
stupid way.
35．I would rather you ______________ (decorate ) the painting house tomorrow afternoon.
36．The doctor recommended that the medicine ______________ (take )three times a day.
37．Without air, there ______________ (exist)no life on earth.
38．If I hadn't taken your advice, I ______________ (not manage)to carry out the project
now.
39．It's high time that we ______________ (apply )ourselves to the task of protecting ourenvironment.
40．Her advice is that good study habits ______________ (form) in one's childhood.
41．I felt so embarrassed when being blamed by my teacher in class. If only I
______________(complete)my homework last night!
42．He talks about the creatures of the Amazon rainforest as if he ______________
(explore)there before.
43．I was busy finishing my paper that day. Otherwise I ______________ (go)there with
them.
44．I wish he ______________ (tell) me the truth last week.
45．It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I_______(do)it?
46．If he ________( follow) my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
47．Don’t handle the cup as if it ___________ (be) made of steel. (铁)
48．I would appreciate it if I __________(offer) an opportinutity to display my talent.
49．If he ___________ (approve) of my plan, the task would have been accomplished.
50．If the new safety system________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.参考答案：
1．may/might
2．would/could/might have been killed
3．would go
4．can
5．Shall
6．should
7．would/could get
8．mustn’t
9．saw
10．were
【解析】
1．考查情态动词。句意：外面雨下得很大。你不妨在这儿过夜。may/might as well“不妨”，
故填may/might。
2．考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有那天解放军的及时帮助，你可能会在车祸中丧生。此处
是包含But for的含蓄虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反，主句谓语动词
用would/could/might have done，句中you和动词kill是被动关系，故填would/could/might
have been killed。
3．考查虚拟语气。句意：我期中考试很忙，要不我就和你一起去看电影了。表示与现在的
事实相反，主句用would + 动词原形，故填would go。
4．考查情态动词。句意：在考试的时候，为了得高分，学生越小心越好。can never/not
too…表示“再……也不过分，越……越好”，故填can。
5．考查情态动词。句意：——Tom已经到来。他可以进来见你吗?——是的，当然可以。
让他进来。shall用于第一/第三人称疑问句中，表示请求许可。故填Shall。6．考查情态动词。句意：你怎么在这儿? 现在是上课时间，你应该在教室里。表示“应
该”用should，故填should。
7．考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你在大学时更用功些，你现在就能找到一份更好的工作。此
处是省去if的错综虚拟语气，主句表示现在的情况，谓语动词用would/could +do，故填
would/could get。
8．考查情态动词。句意：你不能坐在这里。这里只适合妇女和儿童。表示“禁止”是
mustn’t，故填mustn’t。
9．考查虚拟语气。句意：——我们去看电影吧。——为什么今天。我宁愿我们明天去看电
影。此处是would rather后的宾语从句的虚拟语气，表示将来的情况谓语动词用一般过去时。
故填saw。
10．考查虚拟语气。句意：这位老人对待这个男孩就像他自己的儿子一样。as if后的宾语
从句是虚拟语气，表示现在的情况谓语动词用一般过去时，故填were。
【点睛】
as if 从句用虚拟语气，动词时态的形式如下：
(1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
如： You look as if you didn’ t care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。
(2)从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像以前去过罗马似的。
(3)从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原形”。
如： He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if it might snow. 看来好像要下雪了。
小题10中表示与现在事实相反，所以谓语动词用一般过去时。
11．be made12．would
13．might
14．hadn't eaten
15．wouldn't have kept
16．can
17．wouldn't have been
18．may have been caused
19．shall
20．mustn't
【解析】
11．考查情态动词。句意：有时候筷子很有艺术性。真正优雅的筷子可能是用带有中国特
色的金银做成的。根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might
be done。故填be made。
12．考查情态动词。句意：当我小时候，我母亲常常在晚上给我读故事。would “过去常
常”，表示过去的习惯性的行为。故填would。
13．考查情态动词。句意：事故可能是由一条横穿马路的狗引起的，但我们不确定。分析
句子可知，本句是对过去动作的推测，可能性不大，故填might。
14．考查虚拟语气。句意：他看起来如此饿好像已有一个月没有吃过一顿像样的饭了。由
主句中的looked可知，as if/though后面跟过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。故填hadn't
eaten。
15．考查虚拟语气。句意：我在交通堵塞中被困了一个多小时，否则我不会让你等这么长
时间。句中用了虚拟语气，otherwise说明的从句内容和过去事实相反，指如果不被交通阻
塞困住，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might ＋have＋过去分词”形式。故填
wouldn't have kept。16．考查情态动词。句意：虽然现在通过驾驶考试可能是困难的，但付出的努力是值得的。
此处用can表示有时可能会，故填can。
17．考查情态动词。句意：我母亲本来不会对我生气的，但在我对她大叫之前，我没能闭
上嘴！wouldn't have done “本来不会做某事”。故填wouldn't have been。
18．考查情态动词。句意：我不能肯定狗生病的原因，但它也许是因为吃得太多了。根据
前句“I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness”可知，这里为不肯定的推测，故用may
have done “可能做某事”；由于dog's illness与cause之间为被动关系，故填may have been
caused。
19．考查情态动词。句意：——我可以用支票付账吗？——对不起，先生。但这是我们酒
店的规定，应当以现金付款。shall可以在法律条文、规章制度中表示规定或义务等，此处
是旅馆的规定。故填shall。
20．考查情态动词。句意：当公共汽车开动时，乘客不得与司机交谈，因为这将把他的注
意力从路上转移开来。此处表示“禁止，不允许”，故填mustn't。
21．damage
考查动词。句意：吸烟会损害你的健康。空前有情态动词can，根据情态动词后接动词原
形，故填damage。
22．would have come
考查虚拟语气。句意：他昨天很忙，否则他就来开会了。根据otherwise和句意可知，此处
为含蓄虚拟语气，主句谓语动词的形式为：would have done。故填would have come。
23．strengthen
考查及物动词。句意：我们必须加强防御工作。情态动词must后跟动词原形，所给词
strength是名词，其动词是strengthen，且是及物动词，后面是名词works作宾语。故填
strengthen。
24．breathe
考查动词。句意：空气如此寒冷，我们几乎不能呼吸。设空处是结果状语从句的谓语动词，根据句意，结合空白处前的“could”可知，空白处填动词原形。故填breathe。
25．had studied
26． had tried； (should) be praised
27．would have attended
28．had come
29．(should) appeal
30．took
31．couldn’t/ wouldn’/ mightn’t have made
32．would have picked
33．Had
34．(should) attempt
【解析】
【分析】
本题主要考查虚拟语气。
25．句意：Tom希望自己在大学时学了法律而不是历史。从句中使用了虚拟语气，且根据
“when he was in university”可知，从句表示对过去情况的虚拟，因此应填had studied。
26．句意：那个学生坚持说自己尽了最大的努力，并坚决要求受到表扬。insist有两种含义：
①坚称，坚决认为；②坚持主张，坚决要求。第一空try这一动作发生在insisted之前，即
过去的过去，故用过去完成时had tried；而第二空用虚拟语气，谓语动词应用(should)do形
式，且此处表示“被表扬”，因此填(should) be praised。
27．句意：昨晚我本来要去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的，但是我没空。but I was not available
表示过去的真实情况，本空表示与过去情况相反，表示“本来会做”，故应使用would
have attended。28．句意：他们盯着我，好像我是从外太空来的一样。根据“stared at”和“from the outer
space”可知，as if引导的从句是对过去的情况的假设，空处应该填had come。
29．句意：他建议我们就判决结果向高等法院提起上诉。suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的
宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略。
30．句意：——你想开车出去吗？——不，我宁愿我们搭出租车。would rather后接宾语从
句时，从句常用虚拟语气，此处表示现在的愿望，故从句的谓语动词用过去式took。
31．句意：要不是因为你的指导，我是不会取得这么大的进步的。根据句意可知，这是一
个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以谓语动词用couldn’t/wouldn’t/mightn’t have done形式。
故填couldn’t/ wouldn’/ mightn’t have made。
32．句意：他的船由于昨天的大雾而延误了，否则的话我就会按时接到他了。由句中的
“His ship was delayed”以及otherwise可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，要用虚拟语
气，所以空处应用“would have done”形式。故填would have picked。
33．句意：如果我听了你的建议，我的考试就不会有问题了。本句为虚拟条件句的省略句，
当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, should, had时，可以将连词if省略掉，而将were,
should, had置于句首。本句表示与过去事实相反，故直接将had提至句首即可。
34．句意：她的丈夫竟然想用如此愚蠢的方法来解决这个问题，太遗憾了。在It is a pity
that...句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气，谓语应用should do形式，其中should可以省
略，表示出乎意料，常翻译为“竟然”。故填should attempt。
35．decorated
36．(should)betaken
37．would exist
38．would not manage
39．applied/should apply
40．(should)be formed
41．had completed42．had explored
43．would have gone
44．had told
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查完成句子，注意虚拟语气的使用。
35．句意：我宁愿你明天下午装修房子。would rather后的宾语从句经常用虚拟语气，此处
表示将来的愿望，从句用一般过去时，故填decorated。
36．句意：医生建议这种药一天吃三次。recommend后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓
语动词用“(should)+动词原形”形式, should可以省略，且medicine与take之间为被动关系,
故填(should)be taken。
37．句意：没有空气，地球上就不会有生命。本题的虚拟条件暗含在Without air中，此处
表示对现在的虚拟,所以用“would+动词原形”形式，故填would exist。
38．句意：如果当初没有采纳你的建议，现在我就无法实施这个项目了。本题考查错综时
间条件句，从句表示对过去的虚拟，主句表示对现在的虚拟,所以主句谓语动词用
“would+动词原形，故填would not manage。
39．句意：该是我们投身于保护环境这项任务的时候了。在“It's high time+that从句”这一
句型中,从句谓语动词常用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”,其中should不能省略，故填
applied/should apply。
40．句意：她的建议是良好的学习习惯应该在童年时期养成。advice后的表语从句中要用
虚拟语气,即从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”形式，且study habits与form之间为
被动关系,故填(should)be formed。
41．句意：当我在课堂上被老师责备时我感到很尴尬，要是我昨晚完成作业就好了。If
only常用来表示一种不可能实现的愿望，需要用虚拟语气，根据时间状语“last night”可知，
此处表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had completed。42．句意：他谈到亚马逊热带雨林的生物，就好像他以前去过那里一样。as if引导的从句
表示非真实的情况时用虚拟语气。根据“before”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反，从句的
谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had explored。
43．句意：我那天忙着完成我的论文,否则我就和他们一起去那儿了。Otherwise后的句子
是虚拟条件句,根据“that day”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用would have done
形式，故填would have gone。
44．句意：我多希望他上周告诉我真相。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，根据“last
week”可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had told。
【点睛】
注意在表示建议、命令、要求、坚决主张等意思的词后的宾语从句中要用(should)+do的虚
拟语气，常见的这类词有：suggest, advise, demand, order, propose, require, request, insist等。
如：
① I suggest we (should) hold a meeting next week.
② The guard at the gate insisted everybody (should) obey the rules.
45．had done
考查时态。句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么跟我说话就好像是我干的似的？此处是由
as if引导的虚拟语气，题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”，与过去事实相反，as
if / though后面的从句用过去完成时(had done)表示对“过去”的虚拟。故填had done。
46．had followed
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他听了我的建议，他就不会丢了工作。该句是if引导的非真实
条件句，与过去的事实相反，主句用would/could/might+ have done，从句中用过去完成。
故填had followed。
47．were
考查虚拟语气。句意：别把这杯子拿得和它好像是用铁做的似的。分析句子可知，本句为
as if引导的方式状语从句，从句与现在事实相反，应用虚拟语气，谓语动词应用一般过去时，be动词用were。故填were。
48．were offered
考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：如果能给我一个施展才华的机会，我将不胜感激。对现在情
况的虚拟，从句：if+主语+动词的过去式(be变were)+其他；主句：主语+would(should,
could, might)+动词原形+其他，“我”和“提供一个机会”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，
所以填were offered。
49．had approved
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他同意了我的计划，任务早就完成了。由主句谓语“would
have been accomplished”可知，本句是虚拟条件句，从句与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时。
故填had approved。
50．had been put
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果新的安全系统投入使用，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确
定是对过去情况的虚拟，故从句用had done 形式，从句主语system与谓语动词put to use
是被动关系，用被动语态，故用had been put。
语法填空(情态动词和虚拟语气专练)
Lucy is an outgoing lady.She 1.________play many kinds of musical instruments.Actually，
she could play the piano when she was 8 years old.Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day.She
says that she has to do some sports because she 2.________keep slim.“You 3.________get fat
soon if you don't take exercise every day.”She usually says to her friends.
As for her，an elegant lady should try to keep fit.However，last week，she found that she
4.________put on weight and her husband suggested that she should lose weight.And these days
she'd rather that she 5.___________ (take) more exercise every day.However，she is always lack
of time because she ought to take care of her children.
One night after supper，she walked quickly in order to go dancing at the Tomorrow Park and
she was late.On her way，she thought that the dancing must 6.___________(begin)，and the
coach 7.________have taught or shown many new moves.She was afraid that her friends might
8._________ (leave) before she got there.She was regretful then.She 9.______have had supper
earlier，or she could have taken a taxi，and indeed she needn't 10.______________(take) a bath
in advance.When she reached the park finally，she found nobody was there.She rememberedsuddenly that it had been reported on the radio that there would be a heavy rain that night.
答案：1.can 2.must 3.shall 4.might 5.took 6.have begun 7.could 8.have left
9.should 10.have taken
