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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：04 重点语法易错易混点解析(状语从句、省略、短语动词和虚拟语气)
本文重点辨析时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、让步状语从句、省略、短语动词和名词
性从句中的虚拟语气的用法，现将它们的易错易混点总结如下：
【误用1】I want to see him the minute he will arrive.
【指正】will arrive改为arrives。
时间状语从句和条件状语从句不用一般将来时，通常用一般现在时代替。
【运用】Next time you go shopping, throw in a few extra fruit and vegetables.
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.
【误用2】 It is high time that the children go to bed.
【指正】go改为went或者在其前加上should。
It is(high) time that后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
【运用】It' s time we threw that old chair out, for it' s completely broken.
It's also the very time that we should regulate agricultural structue.
【误用3】I hope that while time goes on we will realize that it is important for us to talk
openly about Aids,
【指正】 while改为 as。
引导时间状语从句时，while和as都有“当……时”的意思，但是 as还有“随着”的意思。As time
goes on的意思是“随着时间的推移”。
【 运 用 】 But as time goes on, you will realize that if you really love someone, the whole life will not be
enough.
【误用4】But in case of you break a promise, at least admit it openly and attempt to keep your other promises.
【指正】删掉of。
In case和in case of都可以表示“如果，假设”，前者是连词，引导条件状语从句，后者是介词，跟名
词、代词或动名词作宾语。
【运用】I will send you a copy in case you care to read it.
Please let us know in case of further requirement.【误用5】—How about coming to my house?
—I’d love if it doesn’t give you so much trouble.
【指正】love 后加上 to。
为了避免重复，我们常常把作宾语、宾补和谓语动词的一部分的不定式省略，只保留动词不定式的符
号to。常见有四种情况：在hope, like, love, mean，promise, want, wish等词后作宾语；在allow, ask, tell
等词后作宾语补足语；在afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sorry等词后作状语；在be able to, be going to, have to,
need to, enough to, used to等后。
【运用】He didn't mean to, but he deleted the files by accident.
She can get a job if she hopes to.
Don’t plant potatoes until the peasant tells you to.
She didn’t go out last night, because she was afraid to.
【误用6】For example, if you're going to look through a telescope and you pick up it and put it on your eye.
【指正】it与up位置对调。
在“动词+副词”的短语动词中，跟名词作宾语时，名词置于副词的前后均可，如果跟代词作宾语，
则代词只可以置于动词与副词之间。
【运用】When you have finished, please fold the map and put it away.
She caught my cold and passed it on to her husband.
【误用7】He talks about Rome as though he was there himself. In fact he has never been there.
【指正】was改为had been。
as if 或as though 引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况用虚拟语气，在 指 过 去 的 动 作 时，即 使
主 句是现在时，as if 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时。如果从句内容有可能是事实，也可以用陈
述语气。
【运用】The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone．
It looks as if I will be late for school.
【误用8】Although China is a very big country, but only seven percent of the land can be used for farming.
【指正】删掉but。
although引导让步状语从句，意思基本同but连接的并列分句，但是二者不可以在同一个句子中使用，
不能受汉语“虽然……但是”的影响。【运用】Although they may be useful at times, most users do not frequently use them.
【误用9】Every evening after dinner, if not tiring from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
【指正】tiring改为tired。
“连词+分词”是状语从句的省略形式，分词的逻辑主语要与句子主语保持一致。if后面所用的非谓语
动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语I，所以用过去分词tired，补全是if I am not tired,…。
【运用】Trained ten hours a day, he will still be a fool.
The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, wounded in the head.
【误用10】Having discussed many times, the plan was carried out at last.
【指正】Having discussed中间加上been，或把Having discussed改为Discussed。
分词作状语时其逻辑主语就是句子主语。the plan与discuss是动宾关系，用被动形式, 根据many times
提示用现在分词完成时的被动语态，过去分词也正确。
【运用】The film star got off the train, surrounded by her fans.
Some medicines, if wrongly taken, can kill a person.
【误用11】We’d love to see you on Saturday, suppose that I don’t have to work that day.
【指正】suppose改为supposing。
suppose本来是动词，supposing本来是现在分词，都可以用作连词引导条件状语从句，意思是“假
如，如果”，当从句置于句首时主句多用问句。suppose作为连词引导条件状语从句时，它通常是置于主句
之前，而supposing引导条件状语从句时，则可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。
【运用】 Suppose/Supposing that there is no pure water, what shall we drink?
Where can you hide, supposing you are able to escape from the police?
【误用12】As long as I will live, I will not allow you to do this.
【指正】删掉第一个will。
as long as意思是“只要……就……”，引导在条件状语从句。在条件状语从句中，不用将来时，通常
用现在时形式代替将来时。
【运用】As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe.
I’ll make new friends wherever we are as long as we’re together.【误用13】In 1974, tests showed that if is taken every day, aspirin can greatly reduce chances of heart attack.
【指正】if后加上it，或者删掉is。
当条件状语从句的主语与句子主语一致时，如果从句是被动语态，则可以省掉句子的主语和助动词
be，构成“连词+过去分词”；如果从句是主动语态，构成“连词+现在分词”；如果从句是be+n./adj./
adv....，则构成“连词+adj./adv....”。
【运用】 You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave.
If (it is) necessary, ring me at home.
【误用14】Take the money with you in case of something unexpected happens.
【指正】删掉of。
in case作为连词有“假使，以防”的意思，可以引导条件状语从句；in case of是短语介词，跟名词、
代词或动名词作宾语。
【运用】You even went on searching in the mud for some time, in case any coin might have fallen out.
I stopped suddenly in case he should think that I was showing off.
Take a map with you in case you get lost in the forest.
【误用15】Don’t try to shake hands with a woman if she puts out her hand first.
【指正】if改为unless
unless引导条件状语从句，意思是“如果不”，“除非”。相当于if引导的否定条件状语从句。
【运用】You don’t know how difficult the job is, unless you have done it yourself.
I shall stop till such time as I think fit to go, unless you send for someone to put me out.
Unless we make a move soon, we shall be in a weak position.
【误用16】 (1) Butterflies ______ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
(2)变式1：She took her drink to bed and picked up her book, but it was too much effort to ______ the print.
(3)变式2：Of course, many more battles lie ahead and further efforts must be made to ______ the fight.
(4)变式3：I used to be slimmer, but now I've ______ some weight around the middle.
A. carry on B. feed on C. put on D. focus on
【参考答案】（1）B (2) D (3) A (4) C
【考点设置】以on为中心的动词短语词义辨析。
【答案解析】以on为中心词的动词短语中的on可以是介词，也可以是副词，如果是介词后面需要跟宾语，如果是副词则不需要宾语。carry on的意思是“继续进行；从事，经营”，题(3)根据“有许多战斗
在后头”看出后面的意思是“还要努力作战”，故选B。feed on的意思是“用 ... 喂养； 靠吃 ... 过活；
以 ... 为能源”，题（1）根据宾语a sweet liquid看出是“靠吃 ... 过活”，故选D。put on是意义丰富的
动词短语，意思是“穿上，戴上； 增加；上演”，题（4）的短语put on weight意思是“增重”，故选
C。focus on意思是“致力于； 使聚焦于； 对（某事或做某事）予以注意； 把…作为兴趣中心”，根
据前面too much effort确定意思是“无法集中注意力看书”，故选D。
【误用17】 ---- All the passengers were injured in the accident?
---- No, ______ only three children.
A. it was B. it were C. there are D. there was
【答案】A。
【解析归纳】对话中通常会省掉与上句重复的部分，本句补全是：it was only three children
that/who were injured in the accident.，是强调句型的省略形式。
【误用18】If the weather is fine, we'll go. If _____, _____.
A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not
【答案】A。
【解析归纳】通常前面已经出现相同的内容，在后面可以省略。本句补全是：If the weather is not
fine, we will not go.。
【误用19】When I heard him ______ the nurses at the station, I dragged myself up.
A. to great B. be greeted C. greeted D. greet
【答案】D。
【解析归纳】感官动词跟不定式作宾补时，在主动语态中通常省掉to，但是在被动句中to不省掉。
【跟踪练习1】
根据提示完成句子翻译。每空一词。
1. 尽管受到了父母的鼓励, 他仍然没有信心克服困难。(encourage)
_______ ______ ______ ______, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
2. 不要触碰灯，除非你妈妈允许你做。（allow）
Don’t touch the light ______ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______.3. 我最后一次陷入对一个女人的爱，是在三年多以前。(fell)
_____ _____ _____ I really_______ _____ _____ _____ was more than three years ago.
4. 时间过得飞快，她不知不觉就在那里度过了三个月。(know)
Time passed quickly and three months went by______ _____ _____ ______.
5. 有人建议我们下周举行一个会议。(suggest)
It is ________ that we ______ _______ _____ ________ next week.
6. 我一看到她就认出她来了。（see）
I recognized her _______ _______ _____ ______ her.
7. ______ ________ (除非必要) , you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
8. _______ _____ _____ (假如你想) experiment with electricity, what materials would you use?
9.I don’t know _____ _____ _____ _____ (是否会下雨) tomorrow. But ______ ______ ______ (要是下雨)
tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.
10. The old woman always keeps a drink of water by her bedside ____ _____ _____ ____ ______ (以防她口
渴) in the middle of the night
11. ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (只要心静) , one doesn't feel the heat too much.
12. One can make progress ____ _____ _____ _______ (只有你接受) opinions from others.
Keys:
Keys:
1. Encouraged by his parents
2. unless your mother allows you to
3. The last time; fell for a woman
4. before she knew/ realized it
5. suggested; should hold a meeting
6. the moment/minute/second/instant I saw
7.Unless necessary
8.Suppose/Supposing/If you want to
9.if it will rain; if it rains
10.in case she is thirsty
11.So long as one keeps calm
12. only if one accepts【跟踪练习2】
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. We will have a further discussion ______ we make a final decision.
A. after B. where C. before D. during
2. Your pale face suggests that you_______ ill
A. are B. were C. be D. should be
3. _______ the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
A. Turn on B. Turn off C. Turn to D. turn into
4. The team leader advised that we _______ more people to attend the conference.
A. got B. got C. shall get D. should get
5. We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down
6. A number of high buildings have arisen ____ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when B. where C. before D. until
7. Once ________ into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
A. Translate B. translating C. translated D. To translate
8. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. were B. is C. has been D. had been
I. 1-4 CABDC 5-8 CBCA
II. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。(fetch)
______ ______, please go to the post office _____ _____ _____ the parcel.
3. 如果队员之间不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。(beat)
Our school basketball team _____ ______ the opponents in the final match _______ the team members
cooperate well with each other.
3. 我第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。（make）
_____ _____ ______ I wrote an English composition, I ______ _____ _____ ______.
4. 这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视。(realize)
The accident made _____ _____ that safety can’t be ignored.
5. 不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。 （put）______ ______ _____ _____, he never _____ ______ what must be done today till tomorrow.
6.同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。(compare)
______ ____ ______ _______ the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.
7. 你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。(once)
_____ ______ _____ ______ a bad habit, it’s very difficult to get rid of/ get out of it.
8. 这个地区的经济发展很快，可是某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。(quality)
________ the economy in this area ______ ______ _______, the qualities of some citizens are still not
satisfactory.
9. 不管生病还是健康，他总是快快乐乐的。
_____ _____ _____ _____, she is always cheerful.
10. 已经在需要的地方提供了架空电线保护装置或电线保护屏蔽了吗？
Has overhead protection or wire screening been provided ______ ______?
Keys:
I. 1-4 CABD 5-8 CBCBA
II. 1. If convenient; and fetch me
2. won’t beat; unless
3. The first time; made many spelling mistakes
4. us realize
5. However late it is; puts off
6. Compared with other students,
7. Once you get into
8. Although; is developing rapidly
9. Whether sick or well
10. where necessary
